Permeability of Marine Sediments and Tropical Volcanic Soils

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst G. Brandes
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Clayey Soils ◽  
Index Properties ◽  
Volcanic Soils ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
Tropical Volcanic Soils

Permeability values for a range of fine-grained deep-sea sediments are presented and evaluated in terms of index properties such as plasticity, grain size and carbonate content. It is found that whereas clay-rich sediments have similar permeabilities to those of equivalent land-based fine-grained soils, the presence of volcanic, carbonate and other non-clay fractions tends to increase permeability somewhat. Volcanic silty-clayey soils from Hawaii have comparable permeability values, although they can be slightly more permeable.

Engineering Properties of Carbonate Marine Sediments

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst G. Brandes
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Frictional Strength

Geotechnical properties of deep-sea sediments are examined in terms of their plasticity, compressibility and frictional strength characteristics, especially in terms of the relative abundance of carbonate and clay fractions. The effect of carbonate content in excess of 40% is to reduce Atterberg limits and compressibility, and to increase peak friction angles, compared to sediments from the deep ocean that have lower carbonate amounts. The presence of carbonate also tends to reduce flocculation and in situ water content.

Causes of compressional‐wave anisotropy in carbonate‐bearing, deep‐sea sediments

Geophysics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Carlson ◽  
C. H. Schaftenaar ◽  
R. P. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Compressional Wave ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Velocity Anisotropy ◽  
Acoustic Anisotropy ◽  
Transversely Isotropic Media ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
Isotropic Media ◽  
Low Degrees

Forty indurated sediment samples from DSDP site 516 were studied with the principle objective of determining which of several proposed mechanisms is the cause of acoustic anisotropy in carbonate‐bearing deep‐sea sediments. Recovered from sub‐bottom depths between 388 and 1222 m, the samples have properties exhibiting the following ranges: wet‐bulk density, 1.90 to [Formula: see text]; fractional porosity, 0.46 to 0.14; carbonate content, 34 to 88 percent; compressional‐wave velocity (at 0.1 kbar), 1.87 to 4.87 km/sec; anisotropy, 1 to 13 percent. Velocities were measured in three mutually perpendicular directions through the same specimen in 29 of the 40 samples studied. Calcite fabric has been estimated by x‐ray pole figure goniometry. The major findings of this study are. (1) Carbonate‐bearing deep‐sea sediments may be regarded as transversely isotropic media with symmetry axes normal to bedding. (2) Calcite c‐axes are weakly concentrated in a direction perpendicular to bedding, but the preferred orientation of calcite does not contribute significantly to velocity anisotropy. (3) The properties of bedded and unbedded samples are distinctly different. Unbedded sediments exhibit low degrees of acoustic anisotropy (1 to 5 percent). By contrast, bedded samples show higher degrees of anisotropy (to 13 percent), and anisotropy increases markedly with depth of burial. Thus, bedding must be regarded as the principal cause of acoustic anisotropy in calcareous, deep‐sea sediments.

Biology of Planktonic Foraminifera

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 51-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan W.H. Bé
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Utilitarian Value ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Biostratigraphic Correlation ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
History Of

The history of investigations of planktonic foraminifera leading to their current, wide applications in biostratigraphic correlation of Mesozoic and Cenozoic marine sediments can be traced to the discovery by Owen (1867) of the floating habit of certain foraminifera, later confirmed by Brady (1884), and the recognition by Murray and Renard (1891) that their shells constitute a major portion of deep-sea sediments over large regions of the seafloor. The utilitarian value of planktonic foraminifera in paleoecological analysis is also widely accepted today. Fortunately for students of paleoecology, many species of planktonic foraminifera are still extant and live in large numbers in all oceanic regions. Their areal, vertical and seasonal occurrences have been resolved to such a degree that a global synthesis of their distribution patterns is now available (e.g. Bradshaw, 1959; Belyaeva, 1964; Be and Tolderlund, 1971).

scholarly journals Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Deep-Sea Sediments from the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Implications for Hydrothermal Input and Igneous Host Rock

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Xian Chen ◽  
Xiaoming Sun ◽  
Zhongwei Wu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Rock ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Host Rock ◽  
Southwest Indian Ridge ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Sediment Types ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
Indian Ridge

Detailed mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of typical surface sediments and hydrothermal deposits collected from the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) were studied by high-resolution XRD, SEM-EDS, XRF, and ICP-MS. The SWIR marine samples can be generally classified into two main categories: surface sediment (biogenic, volcanic) and hydrothermal-derived deposit; moreover, the surface sediment can be further classified into metalliferous and non-metalliferous based on the metalliferous sediment index (MSI). The chemical composition of biogenic sediment (mainly biogenic calcite) was characterized by elevated contents of Ca, Ba, Rb, Sr, Th, and light rare earth elements (LREE), while volcanic sediment (mainly volcanogenic debris) was relatively enriched in Mn, Mg, Al, Si, Ni, Cr, and high field strength elements (HFSEs). By contrast, the hydrothermal-derived deposit (mainly pyrite-marcasite, chalcopyrite-isocubanite, and low-temperature cherts) contained significantly higher contents of Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, Co, Mo, Ag, and U. In addition, the metalliferous surface sediment contained a higher content of Cu, Mn, Fe, Co, Mo, Ba, and As. Compared with their different host (source) rock, the basalt-hosted marine sediments contained higher contents of Ti–Al–Zr–Sc–Hf and/or Mo–Ba–Ag; In contrast, the peridotite-hosted marine sediments were typically characterized by elevated concentrations of Mg–Cu–Ni–Cr and/or Co–Sn–Au. The differences in element enrichment and mineral composition between these sediment types were closely related to their sedimentary environments (e.g., near/far away from the vent sites) and inherited from their host (source) rock. Together with combinations of certain characteristic elements (such as Al–Fe–Mn and Si–Al–Mg), relict hydrothermal products, and diagnostic mineral tracers (e.g., nontronite, SiO2(bio), olivine, serpentine, talc, sepiolite, pyroxene, zeolite, etc.), it would be more effective to differentiate the host rock of deep-sea sediments and to detect a possible hydrothermal input.

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