Wildfires as a Weathering Agent of Carbonate Rocks

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Nurit Shtober-Zisu ◽  
Lea Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Rock Weathering ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
Slow Decrease

While most of the scientific effort regarding wildfires has predominantly focused on fire effects on vegetation and soils, the role of fire as an essential weathering agent has been largely overlooked. This study aims to evaluate rock decay processes during wildfires, in relation to ground temperatures and rock morphologies of limestone, dolomite, and chalk. In 2010, a major forest fire in Israel caused massive destruction of the exposed rocks and accelerated rock weathering over the burned slopes. While a detailed description of the bedrock exfoliation phenomenon was previously reported, here, we conducted an experimental open fire to determine the temperature and gradients responsible for boulder shattering. The results show ground temperatures of 700 °C after 5 min from ignition, while the peak temperature (880 °C) was reached after 9 min. Temperature gradients show a rapid increase during the first 5 min (136 °C/min), moderate increase during the next 4 min (43 °C/min), and slow decrease for the next 9 min (25 °C/min). After 12 min, all boulders of all formations were cracked or completely shattered. The behaviour of carbonate rocks upon heating was studied to identify the erosive effects of fire, namely the formation of new cracks and matrix deterioration.

PENILAIAN DAMPAK KEBAKARAN PADA TEGAKAN AKASIA DI BKPH PARUNG PANJANG KPH BOGOR, PERUM PERHUTANI UNIT III JAWA BARAT DAN BANTEN Fire Severity Assessment on Akasia stand at BKPH Parung Panjang KPH Bogor, Perum Perhutani III West Java and Banten

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Lailan Syaufina ◽  
Vera Linda Purba
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Forest Health Monitoring ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Forest fire is one of the problem in forest management. The objectives of the study was to measure the forest fire severity based on soil physical and chemical properties. The forest fire effects were assessed using fire severity method and forest health monitoring plot. The study indicated that the burned areas at BKPH Parung Panjang after two years included in low fire severity. The site properties and growth performance analysis showed that the fire has only affected on pH, Mg and tree diameter significantly, whereas the other parameters such as bulk density, P, N, Na, K, Ca and height were not significantly affected. In addition, both burned and unburned areas are classified as in health condition.Key words : fire severity, forest health monitoring, growth performance, site properties

scholarly journals Induction of Changes in Internal Gas Pressure of Bulky Plant Organs by Temperature Gradients

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Corey ◽  
Zhi-Yi Tan
Keyword(s):  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Ideal Gas Law ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Pressure Changes

Water manometers were connected to fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), and then fruits were submerged in water baths providing initial temperature gradients between fruit and water of 0 to 19C. Apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) fruits, carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots, witloof chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) roots, rhubarb Rheum rhabarbarum L.) petioles, and pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) stems were subjected to water bath temperature gradients of 5C. Internal partial vacuums developed in all organs within minutes of imposing the gradients. The maximum partial vacuums in tomato and pepper fruits increased with increasing temperature gradients. Uptake of water accompanied changes in internal pressure reaching maxima of 17% (w/w) and 2% (w/w) of pepper and tomato fruits, respectively, after 22 hours. Maximum pressure changes achieved in bulky organs deviated from those predicted by the ideal gas law, possibly due to concomitant changes in gas pressure upon replacement of intercellular spaces with water and dissolution of CO2. Partial vacuums also developed in pepper fruits, rhubarb petioles, and pokeweed stems following exposure to air 15C cooler than initial organ temperatures. Results point to the role of temperature gradients in the transport of liquids and gases in plant organs.

scholarly journals The role of organic matter in formation of the properties of a shale deposit

2019 ◽  
Vol 484 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-223
Author(s):  
И. Ф. Юсупова
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Reduction Processes ◽  
Local Areas ◽  
Oil Shales ◽  
Mosaic Distribution

Baltic oil shales — kukersites were studied as an example of rocks with rock-forming organic matter (OM). The volumetric significance of their OM is shown (due to the low density) in the volume and thickness of the shale layers. A higher OM content is responsible for a lower strength of the shales relative to the carbonate rocks of the deposit. The variable OM contents and other heterogeneities of the shale layers (structure, nodules, etc.) are factors of the mosaic distribution of areas with different density–strength properties and, as a result, of uneven reduction of layers and their deformation in the case of OM loss (full or partial). It is concluded that the intercalation of kukersite and limestone layers leads to density and strength anisotropy of the shale deposit. Episodic loss of OM and carbonates by the shales is considered for the local areas of the deposit: here, kukersites contain only a terrigenous component with clasts of limestones, shales, and epigenetic sulfides. The loss of OM is explained by sulfate-reduction processes in the underground hydrosphere.

Cloning and expression of two plasma membrane aquaporins expressed during the ripening of grape berry

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Picaud ◽  
Frédéric Becq ◽  
Fabienne Dédaldéchamp ◽  
Agnès Ageorges ◽  
Serge Delrot
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Urea Uptake

The ripening of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berry is accompanied by dramatic accumulation of sugars and water. Two full-length clones and several partial clones encoding plasma membrane aquaporins (PIP) were cloned from grape berries collected at the beginning of ripening. Based on their sequences, on a phylogenetic analysis and on functional properties, both clones, called VvPIP1a and VvPIP1b were assigned to the PIP1 subfamily. RNA gel blot studies with berries at various stages of development indicated that VvPIP expression was highest at stages following veraison. Injection of Xenopus oocytes with VvPIP1a cRNA induced a moderate increase of water permeability and a large increase in glycerol permeability, whereas injection with VvPIP1b cRNA did not affect these permeabilities. Injection of VvPIP1a cRNA, but not VvPIP1b cRNA, inhibited urea uptake by the oocyte, and this inhibition was sensitive to HgCl2. The data are discussed in relation with the potential role of aquaporins in fruit physiology.

The role of solution in the formation of boudinage and transverse veins in carbonate rocks at Rheems, Pennsylvania

1991 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1552-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
DECLAN G. DE PAOR ◽  
CAROL SIMPSON ◽  
CHRISTOPHER M. BAILEY ◽  
KENNETH J. W. MCCAFFREY ◽  
ERIC BEAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks

scholarly journals Role of sulfuric acid in chemical weathering of carbonate rocks for evaluating of carbon sinks in the Yangtze River Basin, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 06015
Author(s):  
Liankai Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqun Qin ◽  
Qibo Huang ◽  
Pengyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Rock Weathering ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
The Yangtze River Basin

Chemical weathering of rock by river systems is an important process in the global carbon cycle. Sulfuric acid produced from anthropogenic sources in the Yangtze River basin of China has the potential to change rock weathering processes and the carbon cycle. Monitoring and analysis of the dissolved constituents of the main channel and major tributaries of the Yangtze River indicate that the sulfuric acid has enhanced the carbonate rock weathering rate by an average of 28% and reduced the CO2 consumption rate by 12%. Analysis of dissolved sources for SO42- in the Yangtze River indicates that 36% of SO42- can be attributed to rainwater, 26% to dissolution of evaporitic rocks, and 38% to input from coal. Calculations indicate that the annual output flux of CO2 from the Yangtze River Basin to the sea is 3495×104 tons, 80% of which is attributed to the weathering of carbonate rocks. Whilst the average consumption rate of atmospheric CO2 is 20.6 t/km2 y-1.

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