A rock-weathering bacterium isolated from rock surface and its role in ecological restoration on exposed carbonate rocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-wen Wu ◽  
Jin-chi Zhang ◽  
Ling-jian Wang ◽  
Ying-xiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Rock Weathering

scholarly journals Role of sulfuric acid in chemical weathering of carbonate rocks for evaluating of carbon sinks in the Yangtze River Basin, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 06015
Author(s):  
Liankai Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqun Qin ◽  
Qibo Huang ◽  
Pengyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Rock Weathering ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
The Yangtze River Basin

Chemical weathering of rock by river systems is an important process in the global carbon cycle. Sulfuric acid produced from anthropogenic sources in the Yangtze River basin of China has the potential to change rock weathering processes and the carbon cycle. Monitoring and analysis of the dissolved constituents of the main channel and major tributaries of the Yangtze River indicate that the sulfuric acid has enhanced the carbonate rock weathering rate by an average of 28% and reduced the CO2 consumption rate by 12%. Analysis of dissolved sources for SO42- in the Yangtze River indicates that 36% of SO42- can be attributed to rainwater, 26% to dissolution of evaporitic rocks, and 38% to input from coal. Calculations indicate that the annual output flux of CO2 from the Yangtze River Basin to the sea is 3495×104 tons, 80% of which is attributed to the weathering of carbonate rocks. Whilst the average consumption rate of atmospheric CO2 is 20.6 t/km2 y-1.

Wildfires as a Weathering Agent of Carbonate Rocks

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Nurit Shtober-Zisu ◽  
Lea Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Rock Weathering ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Ground Temperatures ◽  
Slow Decrease

While most of the scientific effort regarding wildfires has predominantly focused on fire effects on vegetation and soils, the role of fire as an essential weathering agent has been largely overlooked. This study aims to evaluate rock decay processes during wildfires, in relation to ground temperatures and rock morphologies of limestone, dolomite, and chalk. In 2010, a major forest fire in Israel caused massive destruction of the exposed rocks and accelerated rock weathering over the burned slopes. While a detailed description of the bedrock exfoliation phenomenon was previously reported, here, we conducted an experimental open fire to determine the temperature and gradients responsible for boulder shattering. The results show ground temperatures of 700 °C after 5 min from ignition, while the peak temperature (880 °C) was reached after 9 min. Temperature gradients show a rapid increase during the first 5 min (136 °C/min), moderate increase during the next 4 min (43 °C/min), and slow decrease for the next 9 min (25 °C/min). After 12 min, all boulders of all formations were cracked or completely shattered. The behaviour of carbonate rocks upon heating was studied to identify the erosive effects of fire, namely the formation of new cracks and matrix deterioration.

Surface lowering and landform evolution on Aldabra

1979 ◽  
Vol 286 (1011) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Short Residence Time ◽  
Landform Evolution ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Lithological Heterogeneity

Aldabra landforms are the result of the karstification of carbonate rocks distributed on surfaces which have been exposed to erosion for varying lengths of time. Morphometric analysis (which is of interest in both geomorphological and botanical contexts) suggests that the most well developed karst features (closed depressions) occur on what appear to be the oldest surfaces. Morphology also varies with lithology. Measurements of present-day erosion rates suggests that weakly cemented rocks and the most soluble mineral components are eroding most rapidly. The evolution of a dissected morphology is related to lithological heterogeneity in coralline rocks or, in the case of the more homogeneous rocks, to the short residence time of waters on the rock surface (the more rapidly dissolving mineral grains eroding faster). Dissolution also proceeds in fresh water pools, but this may be offset by precipitation in some cases. The surface is mostly case hardened, except under deep organic soils where erosion rates are much higher than in other areas. A mean erosion rate measured at 0.26 mm /a appears to make it feasible that large erosional features, such as the lagoon, could have been formed during periods of emersion as suggested by research workers who have hypothesized that an atoll shape may be substantially derived by subaerial weathering.

Effects of climate change and ecological restoration on carbonate rock weathering carbon sequestration in the karst valley of Southwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
李汇文 LI Huiwen ◽  
王世杰 WANG Shijie ◽  
白晓永 BAI Xiaoyong ◽  
操玥 CAO Yue ◽  
田义超 TIAN Yichao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Rock Weathering

scholarly journals Bacillus qingshengii sp. nov., a rock-weathering bacterium isolated from weathered rock surface

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_7) ◽  
pp. 2473-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Xi ◽  
Lin-Yan He ◽  
Zhi Huang ◽  
Xia-Fang Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rock Weathering ◽  
Respiratory Quinone ◽  
Polar Lipid Profile ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Weathered Rock ◽  
Link Type

A novel type of rock-weathering bacterium was isolated from weathered rock (tuff) surface collected from Dongxiang (Jiangxi, eastern China). Cells of strain G19T were Gram-reaction-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and non-motile. The strain was aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, and grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain G19T was shown to belong to the genus Bacillus and the closest phylogenetic relatives were Bacillus aryabhattai B8W22T (97.4 %) and Bacillus megaterium IAM 13418T (97.1 %). The DNA G+C content was 36.7 mol% and the predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The polar lipid profile of strain G19T contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified lipid. Based on the low level of DNA–DNA relatedness (ranging from 49.4 % to 55.0 %) to these type strains of species of the genus Bacillus and unique phenotypic characteristics, strain G19T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus qingshengii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is G19T ( = CCTCC AB 2013273T = JCM 19454T).

Research on Carbon Source Effect of Guangxi Typical Carbonate Rock Area by Acid Rain

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Yu ◽  
Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Representative Area ◽  
Carbonate Source

In order to have an insight into the reaction between acid rain and carbonate rock surface, and figure out the CO2carbonate source amount from the acid rain chemical weathering process of the carbonate rocks, two typical carbonate rock areas Guilin (represents limestone area) and Liuzhou (represents dolomite area) were chosen as the study areas in Guangxi. According to the dissolution rate calculated by the limestone test piece and GIS analysis, the CO2source produced by the acid rain was 41.066×108g/a, in which Guilin was 33.349×108g/a and Liuzhou was 7.717×108g/a. The carbon sources of unit area in Guilin and in Liuzhou were 66.967×105g/a•km2 and 42.777×105g/a•km2 respectively. Although the carbon sources were still less than their carbon sinks in Guilin and Liuzhou which were 273.891×105g/a•km2 and 43.660×105g/a•km2 respectively, they should not be neglected. There were two reasons that the degassing rate of carbon source in Guilin was slower than that in Liuzhou. One was the representative area of carbonate rock in Guilin were 2.77 times of that in Liuzhou, the other one was that the total intensity of acid rain of Guilin was lower than Liuzhou, so that the dissolution rate of the carbonate rocks was lower in Guilin.

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