scholarly journals Morphometric Analysis through 3D Modelling of Bronze Age Stone Moulds from Central Sardinia

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1192
Author(s):  
Stefano Cara ◽  
Paolo Valera ◽  
Carlo Matzuzzi
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
Photogrammetric Method ◽  
Thin Section Analysis ◽  
Experimental Rig ◽  
Petrographic Thin Section ◽  
Section Analysis

Stone moulds were basic elements of metallurgy during the Bronze Age, and their analysis and characterization are very important to improve the knowledge on these artefacts useful for typological characterization. The stone moulds investigated in this study were found during an archaeological field survey in several Nuragic (Bronze Age) settlements in Central Sardinia. Recent studies have shown that photogrammetry can be effectively used for the 3D reconstruction of small and medium-sized archaeological finds, although there are still many challenges in producing high-quality digital replicas of ancient artefacts due to their surface complexity and consistency. In this paper, we propose a multidisciplinary approach using mineralogical (X-ray powder diffraction) and petrographic (thin section) analysis of stone materials, as well as an experimental photogrammetric method for 3D reconstruction from multi-view images performed with recent software based on the CMPMVS algorithm. The photogrammetric image dataset was carried out using an experimental rig equipped with a 26.2 Mpix full frame digital camera. We also assessed the accuracy of the reconstruction models in order to verify their precision and readability according to archaeological goals. This allowed us to provide an effective tool for more detailed study of the geometric-dimensional aspects of the moulds. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates the potentialities of an integrated minero-petrographic and photogrammetric approach for the characterization of small artefacts, providing an effective tool for more in-depth investigation of future typological comparisons and provenance studies.

scholarly journals Facies And Diagenesis Of Tabalar And Tendehantu Carbonate Formation In Mangkalihat Peninsula Area: An Outcrop Preliminary Study To Oligocene – Miocene Reservoir Candidate Prospect

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-91
Author(s):  
Risman Adhitiya ◽  
Merza Media Adeyosfi ◽  
Syahreza S. Angkasa ◽  
Felix Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Thin Section ◽  
Carbonate Rock ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Data Compilation ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Thin Section Analysis ◽  
Fair Poor ◽  
Petrographic Thin Section ◽  
Section Analysis

Mangkalihat peninsula is located between Kutai and Tarakan basins, which known as two Hydro Carbon (HC) Prolific basins in Eastern Borneo. The petroleoum system in this area is poorly known because of the different system between Kutai and Tarakan Basin. The field study is focusing in the eastern part of Mangkalihat Peninsula, where The Tabalar and Tendehantu Formation are exposed. The data compilation is from outcrop, thin section and plug sample which permeability and porosity values were measured by Klickenberg method. Outcrop analysis showed that Tendehantu Formation can be divided into two lithofacies, whileTabalar Formation has only one lithofacies. The petrographic thin section analysis showed three microfacies from the two formations. Pore destruction caused by diagenesis can de indicated with the presence of bladed and equant cement in vuggy pores, while the diagenetical development of porosity is marked by the microfracturing that was assumed to be formed by compaction and deep burial and matrix dissolution in some of the samples. Petrography and plug sample data integration shows the quality value of those carbonate rock as a reservoir from the permeability and porosity parameter. Based on the microfacies grouping showed in three microfacies, the porosity value is 5.26 - 17.32 % (tight to good), and permeability value is 0.041 – 7.27mD (fair – poor). The carbonate rock quality is influenced by the whole diagenetic processes that happened in each lithofacies.

Labyrinth patterns in Magadi (Kenya) cherts: Evidence for early formation from siliceous gels

Geology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennie Leet ◽  
Tim K. Lowenstein ◽  
Robin W. Renaut ◽  
R. Bernhart Owen ◽  
Andrew Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gels ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Geochemical Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lake Magadi ◽  
Analog System ◽  
Thin Section Analysis ◽  
Petrographic Thin Section ◽  
Section Analysis ◽  
Drilling Project

Sedimentary cherts, with well-preserved microfossils, are known from the Archean to the present, yet their origins remain poorly understood. Lake Magadi, Kenya, has been used as a modern analog system for understanding the origins of nonbiogenic chert. We present evidence for synsedimentary formation of Magadi cherts directly from siliceous gels. Petrographic thin-section analysis and field-emission scanning electron microscopy of cherts from cores drilled in Lake Magadi during the Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project in 2014 led to the discovery of two-dimensional branching "labyrinth patterns" in chert, which are a type of fractal "squeeze" pattern formed at air-liquid interfaces. Labyrinth patterns preserved in chert from Lake Magadi cores indicate invasion of air along planes in dewatering gels. These patterns support the precipitation of silica gels in the saline-alkaline Lake Magadi system and syndepositional drying of gels in contact with air as part of chert formation. Recognizing cherts as syndepositional has been critical for our use of them for U-Th dating. Identification of labyrinth patterns in ancient cherts can provide a better understanding of paleoenvironmental and geochemical conditions in the past.

Image Processing and Machine Learning Approaches for Petrographic Thin Section Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semen Budennyy ◽  
Alexey Pachezhertsev ◽  
Alexander Bukharev ◽  
Artem Erofeev ◽  
Dmitry Mitrushkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Thin Section Analysis ◽  
Petrographic Thin Section ◽  
Section Analysis

Stone Axe-head Manufacture: New Evidence from the Preseli Hills, West Wales

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 433-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. David ◽  
G. Williams ◽  
David Jenkins ◽  
Ian Rigby ◽  
Olwen Williams-Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Group Viii ◽  
Geological Origin ◽  
Thin Section Analysis ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Section Analysis

Fieldwork by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust during 1989–92 has identified clear evidence for the manufacture of stone axeheads at two locations on the eastern flanks of the Preseli Mountains, Dyfed: at Glyn-y-Fran, Llanfyrnach (SN 186 307) and near Glandy Cross (SN 143 266). At both sites, small quantities of lithic debris were collected from field surfaces after cultivation; unfortunately, no contemporaneous features were found by subsequent, very limited, trial trenching. In this report we describe the fieldwork at these two sites, and the resulting lithic collection, concluding that the latter represents evidence for small-scale and opportunistic exploitation of locally abundant erratics during the Neolithic. The Glandy Cross area was later a focus for the construction of ritual monuments during the Bronze Age, and there is also some evidence for continuing activity at Glyn-y-Fran at this time.Petrological thin section analysis of some of the artefacts is reported and demonstrates a probable identity with petrological Group VIII; geochemical analysis of some of the same artefacts places the likely geological origin of these at local igneous exposures also in the Preselis. These conclusions are reviewed in the light of current discussion on the usage and origins of raw materials in later prehistory.

Prehistoric Procurement of Secondary Sources: The Case for Characterization

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucianne Lavin ◽  
Donald R. Prothero
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Thin Section Analysis ◽  
Section Analysis

Lithic source identification is a new and exciting subfield of archaeology. Sourcing studies often concentrate on prehistoric quarry areas within primary, or in situ, bedrock outcrops. Other important but underrated resources are primary, non-quarry outcrops and secondary, redeposited materials such as glacial till and water-laid gravels. This article discusses the characterization of chert sources by petrographic, or thin section analysis, and assesses the technique's usefulness in identifying specific rock units as the raw material source for prehistoric artifacts. Data from source areas and from archaeological sites in the Delaware and lower Hudson drainages of New Jersey and New York are used to illustrate the need for analysis of non-quarry chert source localities.

Image Processing and Machine Learning Approaches for Petrographic Thin Section Analysis (Russian)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semen Budennyy ◽  
Alexey Pachezhertsev ◽  
Alexander Bukharev ◽  
Artem Erofeev ◽  
Dmitry Mitrushkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Thin Section Analysis ◽  
Petrographic Thin Section ◽  
Section Analysis

scholarly journals ARTIFACTS OF THE LATE BROZE AGE FROM MOKHNACH П SETTLEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
A. V. Korokhina ◽  
V. V. Koloda
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Matrix Group ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
Thin Section Analysis ◽  
Section Analysis

The article aims to introduce new finds of the Late Bronze Age from Mokhnach П settlement site at the Sіverskyi Donets river. Two archaeological object (pits 27 and 40) can be dated back to the Late Bronze Age. Finds are presented mostly by pottery sherds (31 units) discovered mostly in the excavation pit 1. The research program of the pottery assemblage includes account of its planographic distribution, distribution due to the type of sherds, analysis of shape, ornamentation, size, surface finishing, plastic raw material and paste recipes of vessels. Morphological and ornamentation classifications were built on the basis of the scheme developed on materials of Mosolovka site and the settlements of middle flew of Sіverskyi Donets river. Research of the plastic raw material and paste recipes was conducted using visual microscopic analysis, abridged MGR-analysis and thin-section analysis. Pottery assemblage includes 4 % of the total number of fragments discovered during excavations. Five pottery forms were identified: restricted and unrestricted jars, pot-like vessels, pots and ribbed vessels. Orifice diameters of jars, pot-like vessels and pots vary from 38.0 to 21.5 cm. Ribbed vessels on average are smaller than mentioned types and form to groups by size (with orifice diameters of 25 and 15—16 cm). Three techniques and nine elements of ornamentation were identified. Make-up of both surfaces prevails, fine-toothed comb treatment and coarse-toothed comb treatment of Pokrovka type are also presented. Two pottery fabrics can be distinguished in the assemblage with the naked eye. Five pottery samples were selected for purposes of technological analysis. Observations were conducted using the microscope on cross-cuts and fresh breaks of sherds before and after re-firing. Consequently two groups by features of plastic raw material and two paste recipes were identified. Both paste recipes include grog as an intentional addition. Due to method of the abridged Matrix Group by Refiring (MGR) analysis the samples were re-fired in controlled conditions up to from 1100 to 1200 °C. The results showed the identity of the matrix of all samples — non-calcareous, slightly over-melted (sovM). Their local production is suggested. The thin-section analysis allowed to clarify technological features of the samples with raw material type 1, paste type 1. Analyzed ceramic materials present traditions of the Wood-framed Graves entity. They mark new settlement site of the developed stage of the Wood-framed Graves entity and can be dated back to XVII—XVІ BC. Small size of the ceramic assemblage restricts its informative capacity. The importance of the research lies in testing the program of complex analysis of ceramic assemblages.

Characterization of Unfilled Tungsten Plugs on a 0.35μm CMOS Multilevel Metallization Process

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sur ◽  
S. Bothra ◽  
Y. Strunk ◽  
J. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Process Development ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Electrical Failure ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Integration Approach ◽  
Intermetal Dielectric ◽  
Metallization Process ◽  
Section Analysis

Abstract An investigation into metallization/interconnect failures during the process development phase of an advanced 0.35μm CMOS ASIC process is presented. The corresponding electrical failure signature was electrical shorting on SRAM test arrays and subsequently functional/Iddq failures on product-like test vehicles. Advanced wafer-level failure analysis techniques and equipment were used to isolate and identify the leakage source as shorting of metal lines due to tungsten (W) residue which was originating from unfilled vias. Further cross-section analysis revealed that the failing vias were all exposed to the intermetal dielectric spin-on glass (SOG) material used for filling the narrow spaces between metal lines. The outgassing of the SOG in the exposed regions of the via prior to and during the tungsten plug deposition is believed to be the cause of the unfilled vias. This analysis facilitated further process development in eliminating the failure mechanism and since then no failures of this nature have been observed. The process integration approach used to eliminate the failure is discussed.

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