scholarly journals Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Absorption through Intact and Damaged Human Skin

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro ◽  
Crosera ◽  
Monai ◽  
Montini ◽  
Fornasiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Transdermal Permeation ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Franz Cells ◽  
Skin Uptake ◽  
Ce Content

Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in polishing products and absorbents, as promoters in wound healing, and as organopesticide decontaminants. While systemic bioaccumulation and organ toxicity has been described after inhalation, data on CeO2 NPs’ transdermal permeation are lacking. Our study was an in vitro investigation of the permeation of 17-nm CeO2 NPs dispersed in synthetic sweat (1 g L−1) using excised human skin on Franz cells. Experiments were performed using intact and needle-abraded skin, separately. The average amount of Ce into intact and damaged skin samples was 3.64 ± 0.15 and 7.07 ± 0.78 µg cm−2, respectively (mean ± SD, p = 0.04). Ce concentration in the receiving solution was 2.0 ± 0.4 and 3.3 ± 0.7 ng cm−2 after 24 h (p = 0.008). The Ce content was higher in dermal layers of damaged skin compared to intact skin (2.93 ± 0.71 µg cm−2 and 0.39 ± 0.16 µg cm−2, respectively; p = 0.004). Our data showed a very low dermal absorption and transdermal permeation of cerium, providing a first indication of Ce skin uptake due to contact with CeO2.

In Vitro Investigation of the Synthetic Sebum Adsorbing Efficacy of Acrylate Copolymer as an Excipient And In Clinac ™ Oc

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1180-1181
Author(s):  
R. W. Taylor ◽  
Christine Smith ◽  
M. White
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Acrylate Copolymer ◽  
Primary Function ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Methacrylate Copolymer ◽  
Acrylate Polymer

While sebum provides several functions in the integument, there is considerable interest in the control of excess sebum on the human skin. The primary function of sebum is to lubricate and waterproof the stratum cornenum layer, in addition to preventing hair from becoming brittle. In several cases, the secretion of sebum is inhibited as a result of blockage of the drainage pathway for the sebaceous glands which may result in abnormal skin conduction (1,2). Clinac™ OC (Oil Control) has been developed with a special oil adsorbing polymer, DVB/lsobornyl Methacrylate/Lautyl Methacrylate Copolymer (3). This particular copolymer posses the capacity to adsorb oils because of its high affinity for hydrophobic nonpolar substances. The purpose of this investigation is to show the adsorptive capacity of the acrylate copolymer in Clinac™ OC preparation and in buffer.The acrylate polymer was incubated in artificial sebum for 4 hrs and 8 hrs at 37 C.

In vitro dermal absorption of metiram using human skin preparations

2020 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Eric Fabian ◽  
Claudia Rosenbaum ◽  
Bernd Kratzer ◽  
Stephanie Melching-Kollmuss
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Dermal Absorption

Transdermal permeation of WIN 55,212-2 and CP 55,940 in human skin in vitro

2004 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyanarayana Valiveti ◽  
Paul K Kiptoo ◽  
Dana C Hammell ◽  
Audra L Stinchcomb
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Transdermal Permeation ◽  
Cp 55,940

A comparison between in vitro rat and human and in vivo rat skin absorption studies

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Van Ravenzwaay ◽  
E Leibold
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Skin Penetration ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Dermal Penetration ◽  
Rat Study

In vitro skin penetration rates in rat and man were compared to those obtained in vivo in rats. Saturation of absorption was frequently observed at higher exposure levels in in vitro and in vivo. Lipophilic compounds showed the highest penetration rates through rat skin in vitro. In all cases in vitro dermal penetration through rat skin was higher than in vivo. Thus, the in vitro study may serve as a first tier test. The in vivo data suggest an inverse relationship between molecular weight and the rate of dermal absorption for lipophilic as well as hydrophilic compounds. Rat skin was more permeable to all tested substances than human skin (mean difference 10.9-fold). Thus, the systemic exposure of humans may be significantly overestimated if risk assessment is based only on the results of an in vivo rat study, because human skin is less permeable than rat skin. It would appear, therefore, that an estimate of actual dermal penetration through human skin should be based on the combined use of in vivo and in vitro data, using the following equation: %Human dermal penetration =(%rat in vivo dermal penetration) (See PDF for Formula)

In Vitro Dermal Absorption of Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) in a Roll-On Deodorant Using Human Skin

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Ningsun Zhou ◽  
Richard P. Moody ◽  
Bio Aikawa ◽  
Anna Yip ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Dermal Absorption

A novel methodology to test dry form of agrochemical formulation spray for in vitro dermal absorption using human skin

2015 ◽  
Vol 238 (2) ◽  
pp. S63
Author(s):  
M. Aggarwal ◽  
W. Maas ◽  
P. Fisher ◽  
N. Morgan ◽  
R. Parr-Dobrzanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Dermal Absorption

In vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption of 14C-chloroform in humans

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dick ◽  
Kme Ng ◽  
DN Sauder ◽  
I. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Percutaneous Absorption ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
Flow Through

Chloroform has been found in potable water and there is concern that significant dermal absorption may arise from daily bathing and other activities. The present study examines percutaneous absorption of 14C-chloroform in vivo using human volunteers and in vitro using fresh, excised human skin in a flow-through diffusion cell sys tem. Fifty microlitre doses of either 1000 μg ml-1 chloro form in distilled water, (16.1 μg cm-2) or 5000 μg ml-1 of chloroform in ethanol, (80.6 μg cm-1) were applied to the forearm of volunteers with exhaled air and urine being collected for analysis. Single doses of either 0.4 μg ml-1 chloroform in distilled water (low dose, 0.62 μg cm-2, 1.0 ml dosed) or 900 μg ml-1 chloroform in distilled water (high dose, 70.3 μg cm -2, 50 μl dosed) were applied to discs of the excised abdominal skin placed in flow-through dif fusion cells and perfused with Hepes buffered Hank's bal anced salt solution, with a wash at 4 h. In vivo absorption was 7.8 ± 1.4% (water as vehicle) and 1.6 ± 0.3% (ethanol as vehicle). Of the dose absorbed in vivo, more than 95% was excreted via the lungs (over 88% of which was CO2), and the maximum pulmonary excretion occurred between 15 min and 2 h after dosing. The percentage of dose absorbed in vitro (skin + perfusate) was 5.6 ± 2.7% (low dose) and 7.1 ± 1.4% (high dose). The above data demon strate that a significant amount of the dissolved chloro form penetrates through the human skin, and that a higher percentage of the applied dose was absorbed using water as vehicle. In addition, the in vitro method offers a good estimate for in vivo data.

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