scholarly journals Quinolone and Organophosphorus Insecticide Residues in Bivalves and Their Associated Risks in Taiwan

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3636
Author(s):  
Ching-Feng Wu ◽  
Ching-Hung Chen ◽  
Ching-Yang Wu ◽  
Chen-Si Lin ◽  
Yao-Chi Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hard Clam ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Freshwater Clam ◽  
Insecticide Residues ◽  
Freshwater Clams ◽  
Meretrix Lusoria ◽  
Hard Clams ◽  
Bivalve Tissues

Bivalves, such as freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea) and hard clams (Meretrix lusoria), are the most extensive and widely grown shellfish in land-based ponds in Taiwan. However, few studies have examined the contamination of bivalves by quinolone and organophosphorus insecticides. Thus, we adapted an established procedure to analyze 8 quinolones and 12 organophosphorus insecticides using liquid and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Surveys in Taiwan have not noted high residual levels of these chemicals in bivalve tissues. A total of 58 samples of freshwater or hard clams were obtained from Taiwanese aquafarms. We identified 0.03 mg/kg of enrofloxacin in one freshwater clam, 0.024 mg/kg of flumequine in one freshwater clam, 0.02 mg/kg of flumequine in one hard clam, 0.05 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos in one freshwater clam, 0.03 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos in one hard clam, and 0.02 mg/kg of trichlorfon in one hard clam. The results indicated that 5.17% of the samples had quinolone insecticide residues and 5.17% had organophosphorus residues. However, the estimated daily intake (EDI)/acceptable daily intake quotient (ADI) indicated no significant risk and no immediate health risk from the consumption of bivalves. These results provide a reference for the food-safety screening of veterinary drugs and pesticides in aquatic animals. Aquatic products should be frequently screened for residues of prohibited chemicals to safeguard human health.

scholarly journals Dynamic Regulation of Ions and Amino Acids in Adult Asian Hard Clams Meretrix lusoria Upon Hyperosmotic Salinity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hao Lin ◽  
Po-Ling Yeh ◽  
Yu-Chun Wang ◽  
Tsung-Han Lee
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Hard Clam ◽  
Salinity Acclimation ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Meretrix Lusoria ◽  
Hard Clams

The dynamic regulation of ions and amino acids in the gills and mantle of the Asian hard clam, Meretrix lusoria, following the exposure to a hyperosmotic environment was hitherto unclear. The present study revealed that the osmolality as well as the Na+ and Cl– concentrations in the hemolymph were significantly increased 3 h after transferring the clams from an environment with the salinity of their natural habitat (brackish water; BW; 20‰) to one with hyperosmotic salinity (seawater; 35‰). In addition, we found that the specific activities of Na+/K+-ATPase, a key enzyme that plays a significant role in cell osmoregulation, in the gills and mantle of clams were significantly increased at 72 and 12 h post-transfer, respectively, during acclimation to hyperosmotic salinity. Similarly, the contents of free amino acids (FAAs) such as taurine, alanine, and glycine were significantly elevated during hyperosmotic salinity acclimation. Previous research indicates that taurine is the most abundant FAA in the gills and mantles of Asian hard clams and that the taurine transporter (TAUT) plays an important role in taurine accumulation. The present study showed that TAUT mRNA and protein expression were significantly and transiently increased in the mantle of Asian hard clams following exposure to seawater; although the expression of TAUT mRNA in the gills of Asian hard clams was also transiently stimulated by exposure to hyperosmotic salinity, the relative TAUT protein abundance decreased only at later stages. Accordingly, the findings of this study improve our understanding of the dynamic processes of ion and amino acid regulation in the peripheral tissues of bivalves under hyperosmotic stress.

scholarly journals Analytical Detection of Sulfonamides and Organophosphorus Insecticide Residues in Fish in Taiwan

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Pei Chang ◽  
Po-Hsun Hou ◽  
Wei-Cheng Yang ◽  
Ching-Fen Wu ◽  
Chia-Chia Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticide ◽  
World Health ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Insecticide Residue ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Insecticide Residues ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Residue Levels

Exposure to residues of antibiotics (e.g., sulfonamides) and insecticides (e.g., organophosphorus insecticides) in aquacultured food can adversely affect humans and animals and thus affect public health globally. Here, using a validated method, we examined the levels of residues of 12 sulfonamides as well as 18 organophosphorus insecticides in aquacultured fish in Taiwan. A total of 52 fish samples (i.e., 20 tilapia, 16 milk fish, and 16 perch samples) were obtained from Taiwanese aquafarms from June 2018 to October 2019. We detected 0.02 and 0.03 mg/kg of sulfamethazine (a sulfonamide) in one tilapia and one milk fish, respectively, and 0.02, 0.05, and 0.03 mg/kg of chlorpyrifos (an organophosphorus insecticide) in one tilapia, one milk fish, and one perch, respectively; thus, among the samples, 3.85% and 5.77% contained sulfonamides and organophosphorus insecticide residues, respectively. Furthermore, we assessed human health risk based on the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of these residues: EDIs of sulfonamide and organophosphorus insecticide residues were <1.0% of the acceptable daily intake recommended by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives. The risk of exposure to sulfonamide and organophosphorus insecticide residue by consuming aquacultured fish in Taiwan was thus negligible, signifying no immediate health risk related to the consumption of fish. Our findings can constitute a reference in efforts geared toward ensuring food safety and monitoring veterinary drug and insecticide residue levels in aquacultured organisms. Residue levels in fish must be continually monitored to further determine possible effects of these residues on human health.

scholarly journals USO DE INSETICIDAS ORGANOFOSFORADOS NOS PÓLOS DE PRODUÇÃO NA ILHA DE SÃO LUÍS (MA): CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO E CONTAMINAÇÃO DE HORTALIÇAS

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
SORAYA MARIA MENDONÇA ARAÚJO ◽  
RAIMUNDA NONATA SANTOS DE LEMOS ◽  
MARIA ELIANA RIBEIRO DE QUEIROZ ◽  
GILVANDA SILVA NUNES
Keyword(s):  
Work Conditions ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Organophosphorous Insecticide ◽  
Insecticide Residues ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Correct Application

Avaliou-se a forma de utilização de pesticidas nos pólos de produção da Ilha de São Luís (MA), Brasil. Foram analisadas algumas hortaliças cultivadas tendo sido detectados resíduos do inseticida organofosforado Metamidofós em amostras de tomate, pimentão e coentro. Embora os níveis de contaminação tenham sido relativamente baixos, a presença do pesticida atesta a falta de informação do pequeno produtor rural que aplica agrotóxicos de forma indiscriminada, sem obedecer os períodos de carência para cada cultura. USE OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES IN THE PRODUCTION POLES OF SÃO LUÍS (MA - BRAZIL): WORK CONDITIONS AND GREENSTUFF CONTAMINATION Abstract The pesticide ways of utilization in production poles of São Luís, Maranhão state, Brazil were evaluated. Some cultivated greenstuff were analyzed and it was detected Methamidophos organophosphorous insecticide residues in tomatoes, chili and parsley samples. Although contamination levels were relatively low, the presence of the pesticide indicates the lack of basic information of the farmers, which apply agrochemicals indiscriminately without following the correct application periods for each culture.

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