scholarly journals Polymer-Supported Phosphoric, Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acids—From Synthesis to Properties and Applications in Separation Processes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 4236
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Głowińska ◽  
Andrzej W. Trochimczuk
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Phosphinic Acid ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Separation Science ◽  
Phosphinic Acids ◽  
Polymer Supported ◽  
Multicomponent Solutions ◽  
Selective Separations

Efficient separation technologies are crucial to the environment and world economy. The challenge posed to scientists is how to engineer selectivity towards a targeted substrate, especially from multicomponent solutions. Polymer-supported reagents have gained a lot of attention in this context, as they eliminate a lot of inconveniences concerning widely used solvent extraction techniques. Nevertheless, the choice of an appropriate ligand for immobilization may be derived from the behavior of soluble compounds under solvent extraction conditions. Organophosphorus compounds play a significant role in separation science and technology. The features they possess, such as variable oxidation states, multivalence, asymmetry and metal-binding properties, highlight their status as a unique and versatile class of compounds, capable of selective separations proceeding through different mechanisms. This review provides a detailed survey of polymers containing phosphoric, phosphonic and phosphinic acid functionalities in the side chain and covers main advances in the preparation and application of these materials in separation science, including the most relevant synthesis routes (Arbuzov, Perkow, Mannich, Kabachnik-Fields reactions, etc.), as well as the main stages in the development of organophosphorus resins and the most important achievements in the field.

scholarly journals Effect of the Addition of Amine in Organophosphorus Compounds on Molecular Structuration of Ionic Liquids–Application to Solvent Extraction

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumaya Gmar ◽  
Fabrice Mutelet ◽  
Alexandre Chagnes
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Phosphinic Acid ◽  
Chloride Concentration

Variation of dynamic viscosity, density and enthalpy as a function of mole fraction of amine (tri-n-octylamine, triisooctylamine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine) in bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) or Cyanex 272, (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid) has been determined at 25 °C. Valuable information regarding structuration and destabilization of the corresponding ionic liquids has been deduced from these data. A simple model describing the variation of dynamic viscosity as a function of mole fraction of amine has been used to determine the speciation in these mixtures. Extraction tests of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) by D2EHPA-amine mixtures have shown the highest cobalt(II)-nickel(II) selectivity has been achieved with D2EHPA-2-ethylhexylamine mixture as cobalt(II) extraction efficiency of 77% was obtained, while no significant nickel(II) extraction was observed at a chloride concentration of 3 mol·L−1.

scholarly journals Experimental and statistical study for leaching of niobium pentoxide from Pakistani ore

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Muhammad Ahmad ◽  
Sadia Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Niobium Pentoxide ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Separation Science ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process

The growing demand for niobium pentoxide, based on its use in separation processes, established its prominent significance as a leading candidate in the field of separation science and technology. This study reports the extraction of niobium pentoxide from pyrochlore ore occurring in Sillai Patai, KPK, Pakistan. It is difficult to recover niobium pentoxide from Pakistani ore due to its low concentration. Niobium pentoxide is an important material used in manufacturing industries for different purposes. Most of the commercially employed extraction processes are associated with serious environmental impacts and are not efficient in extracting niobium pentoxide from low concentration pyrochlore. Alkali potash has been used for separation and purification of niobium pentoxide because it is efficient and an environmentally friendly process. The leaching of niobium pentoxide is carried out in a batch reactor using alkali potash as a leachant. Various process parameters, including ore particle size, reaction temperature, reaction time and alkali to ore mass ratio, were examined statistically during the leaching process. It was observed that reaction temperature and ore particle size were more significant compared to other parameters. The maximum percent recovery of niobium pentoxide (95%) was obtained at 280?C in 90 min, while keeping the ore particle size 44 ?m and alkali to ore mass ratio of 7:1.

Solvent extraction of rare earth ions from nitrate media with new extractant di-(2,3-dimethylbutyl)-phosphinic acid

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 724-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junlian WANG ◽  
Guang CHEN ◽  
Shengming XU ◽  
Zhili YIN ◽  
Qin ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Phosphinic Acid ◽  
Rare Earth Ions

scholarly journals Durability and Recoverability of Soft Lithographically Patterned Hydrogel Molds for the Formation of Phase Separation Membranes

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Asad Asad ◽  
Masoud Rastgar ◽  
Hadi Nazaripoor ◽  
Mohtada Sadrzadeh ◽  
Dan Sameoto
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Porous Membranes ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Separation Membranes ◽  
Membrane Fabrication ◽  
Phase Separation Process ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Recovery Result

Hydrogel-facilitated phase separation (HFPS) has recently been applied to make microstructured porous membranes by modified phase separation processes. In HFPS, a soft lithographically patterned hydrogel mold is used as a water content source that initiates the phase separation process in membrane fabrication. However, after each membrane casting, the hydrogel content changes due to the diffusion of organic solvent into the hydrogel from the original membrane solution. The absorption of solvent into the hydrogel mold limits the continuous use of the mold in repeated membrane casts. In this study, we investigated a simple treatment process for hydrogel mold recovery, consisting of warm and cold treatment steps to provide solvent extraction without changing the hydrogel mold integrity. The best recovery result was 96%, which was obtained by placing the hydrogel in a warm water bath (50 °C) for 10 min followed by immersing in a cold bath (23 °C) for 4 min and finally 4 min drying in air. This recovery was attributed to nearly complete solvent extraction without any deformation of the hydrogel structure. The reusability of hydrogel can assist in the development of a continuous membrane fabrication process using HFPS.

Polymer-Supported Reagents:  Application to Separation Science

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiro D. Alexandratos ◽  
Darrell W. Crick
Keyword(s):  
Separation Science ◽  
Polymer Supported

scholarly journals A novel family of (1-aminoalkyl)(trifluoromethyl)- and -(difluoromethyl)phosphinic acids – analogues of α-amino acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 722-731
Author(s):  
Natalia V Pavlenko ◽  
Tatiana I Oos ◽  
Yurii L Yagupolskii ◽  
Igor I Gerus ◽  
Uwe Doeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Nucleophilic Addition ◽  
Phosphinic Acid ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Synthetic Methodology ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Phosphinic Acids

A series of novel (1-aminoalkyl)(trifluoromethyl)- and -(difluoromethyl)phosphinic acids – analogues of proteinogenic and nonproteinogenic α-amino acids were prepared. The synthetic methodology was based on nucleophilic addition of (trifluoromethyl)phosphinic acid or (difluoromethyl)phosphinic acid or its ethyl ester to substrates with C=N or activated C=C double bonds. Analogues of glycine, phenylglycine, alanine, valine, proline, aminomalonic and aspartic acids were thus prepared. Three-component one-pot reactions of (trifluoromethyl)phosphinic acid and dibenzylamine with aldehydes were also tested to prepare the title compounds.

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