scholarly journals Electrochemical Characterization of Aromatic Molecules with 1,4-Diaza Groups for Flow Battery Applications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2227
Author(s):  
Alexandros Pasadakis-Kavounis ◽  
Vanessa Baj ◽  
Johan Hjelm
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Molecular Aggregation ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Aromatic Molecules ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Stability

The aqueous redox flow battery is a promising technology for large-scale low cost energy storage. The rich possibilities for the tailoring of organic molecules and the possibility to discover active materials of lower cost and decreased environmental impact continue to drive research and development of organic compounds suitable for redox flow battery applications. In this work, we focus on the characterization of aromatic molecules with 1,4-diaza groups for flow battery applications. We examine the influence of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents and the effect of the relative position of the substituent(s) on the molecule. We found that electron-withdrawing substituents increased the potential, while electron-donating decreased it, in agreement with expectations. The number of carboxy-groups on the pyrazinic ring was found to have a strong impact on the heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics, with the slowest kinetics observed for pyrazine-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid. The stability of quinoxaline was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and in a flow cell configuration. Substitution at the 2,3-positions in quinoxaline was found to decrease the capacity fade rate significantly. Furthermore, we demonstrated how molecular aggregation reduces the effective number of electrons involved in the redox process for quinoxalines. This translates to a significant reduction of the achievable volumetric capacity at higher concentrations, yielding values significantly lower than the theoretical capacity. Finally, we demonstrate that such capacity-limiting molecular aggregation may be reduced by introducing flexible side chains with bulky charged groups in order to increase electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance.

scholarly journals GO-modified membranes for vanadium redox flow battery

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 01004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saidatul Sophia ◽  
Ebrahim Abouzari Lotf ◽  
Arshad Ahmad ◽  
Pooria Moozarm Nia ◽  
Roshafima Rasit Ali
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Vanadium Redox ◽  
Vanadium Ion ◽  
Excellent Stability

Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted tremendous attention in membrane-based separation field as it can filter ions and molecules. Recently, GO-based materials have emerged as excellent modifiers for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) application. Its high mechanical and chemical stability, nearly frictionless surface, high flexibility, and low cost make GO-based materials as proper materials for the membranes in VRFB. In VRFB, a membrane acts as the key component to determine the performance. Therefore, employing low vanadium ion permeability with excellent stability membrane in vanadium electrolytes is important to ensure high battery performance. Herein, recent progress of GO-modified membranes for VRFB is briefly reviewed. This review begins with current membranes used for VRFB, followed by the challenges faced by the membranes. In addition, the transport mechanism of vanadium ion and the stability properties of GO-modified membranes are also discussed to enlighten the role of GO in the modified membranes.

A low-cost iron-cadmium redox flow battery for large-scale energy storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.K. Zeng ◽  
T.S. Zhao ◽  
X.L. Zhou ◽  
L. Wei ◽  
H.R. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery

Small-Scale, Low-Cost Flow Cell Platform for Rapid Characterization of Redox Flow Battery Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol MA2020-02 (41) ◽  
pp. 2674-2674
Author(s):  
Katharine Greco ◽  
John Leonard Barton ◽  
Jarrod David Milshtein ◽  
Fikile R. Brushett
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Battery Materials ◽  
Cost Flow ◽  
Rapid Characterization

scholarly journals An Aqueous, Electrode-Decoupled Redox-Flow Battery for Long Duration Energy Storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Ramani ◽  
Shrihari Sankarasubramanian ◽  
Yunzhu Zhang ◽  
Cheng He ◽  
Thomas Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Capacity Fade ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Load Following ◽  
Arbitrage Opportunities ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Abstract Redox-flow batteries (RFBs) enable large-scale energy storage at low cost due to the independent scaling of device power and energy, thereby unlocking energy arbitrage opportunities and providing a pathway to grid stability and resiliency. Herein we demonstrate an “electrode-decoupled” redox-flow battery (ED-RFB) with titanium and cerium elemental actives that has a clear pathway to achieve a levelized cost of storage (LCOS) of ca $0.025/kWh-cycle. A key enabling technology is our highly perm-selective modified poly(ether ketone)-based anion exchange membrane (AEM) that ensures long term separation of Ti and Ce species and enables capacity-fade-free cycling over 1300 hours of operation. Further, our Ti-Ce ED-RFB exhibits negligible capacity fade when the actives are charged to 90% state of charge (SOC), stored for close to 100-hours and then discharged, rendering it viable for long duration (load-following) grid-scale energy storage applications. Herein we introduce the Ti-Ce ED-RFB as a novel, low-cost long duration energy storage (LDES) system.

scholarly journals An aqueous, polymer-based redox-flow battery using non-corrosive, safe, and low-cost materials

Nature ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 534 (7607) ◽  
pp. S9-S10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Janoschka ◽  
Norbert Martin ◽  
Udo Martin ◽  
Christian Friebe ◽  
Sabine Morgenstern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Aqueous Polymer

scholarly journals From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1016-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Adelhelm ◽  
Pascal Hartmann ◽  
Conrad L Bender ◽  
Martin Busche ◽  
Christine Eufinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Lithium Oxygen Batteries ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Lithium Sulfur

Research devoted to room temperature lithium–sulfur (Li/S8) and lithium–oxygen (Li/O2) batteries has significantly increased over the past ten years. The race to develop such cell systems is mainly motivated by the very high theoretical energy density and the abundance of sulfur and oxygen. The cell chemistry, however, is complex, and progress toward practical device development remains hampered by some fundamental key issues, which are currently being tackled by numerous approaches. Quite surprisingly, not much is known about the analogous sodium-based battery systems, although the already commercialized, high-temperature Na/S8 and Na/NiCl2 batteries suggest that a rechargeable battery based on sodium is feasible on a large scale. Moreover, the natural abundance of sodium is an attractive benefit for the development of batteries based on low cost components. This review provides a summary of the state-of-the-art knowledge on lithium–sulfur and lithium–oxygen batteries and a direct comparison with the analogous sodium systems. The general properties, major benefits and challenges, recent strategies for performance improvements and general guidelines for further development are summarized and critically discussed. In general, the substitution of lithium for sodium has a strong impact on the overall properties of the cell reaction and differences in ion transport, phase stability, electrode potential, energy density, etc. can be thus expected. Whether these differences will benefit a more reversible cell chemistry is still an open question, but some of the first reports on room temperature Na/S8 and Na/O2 cells already show some exciting differences as compared to the established Li/S8 and Li/O2 systems.

Improving the redox flow battery performance of low-cost thin polyelectrolyte membranes by layer-by-Layer Surface assembly

2019 ◽  
Vol 413 ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saidatul Sophia Sha'rani ◽  
Ebrahim Abouzari-Lotf ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef ◽  
Arshad Ahmad ◽  
Teo Ming Ting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Layer Surface ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Membranes ◽  
Surface Assembly

Tuning Ferrous Coordination Structure Enables a Highly Reversible Fe Anode for Long-life All-iron Flow Batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxi Song ◽  
Kaiyue Zhang ◽  
Xiangrong Li ◽  
Chuanwei Yan ◽  
Qinghua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Coordination Structure ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
Energy Storage Applications ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Aqueous all-iron flow battery is a promising alternative for large-scale energy storage applications due to low cost and high safety. However, inferior Fe plating/stripping reversibility and hydrolysis of Fe2+ at...

All-PEGylated redox-active metal-free organic molecules in non-aqueous redox flow battery

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 15715-15724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingchao Chai ◽  
Amir Lashgari ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Caroline K. Williams ◽  
Jianbing “Jimmy” Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Active Metal ◽  
Molecular Sizes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Redox Active Metal

A non-aqueous redox flow battery based on all-PEGylated, metal-free compounds is presented. The PEGylation enhances the stability of the redox-active materials, alleviating crossover by increasing the anolyte and catholyte species’ molecular sizes.

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