scholarly journals Walking around Ribosomal Small Subunit: A Possible “Tourist Map” for Electron Holes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5479
Author(s):  
Andrey Yu. Sosorev
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Subunit A ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Charge Localization ◽  
Allosteric Mechanism ◽  
Electron Holes ◽  
Hole Localization

Despite several decades of research, the physics underlying translation—protein synthesis at the ribosome—remains poorly studied. For instance, the mechanism coordinating various events occurring in distant parts of the ribosome is unknown. Very recently, we suggested that this allosteric mechanism could be based on the transport of electric charges (electron holes) along RNA molecules and localization of these charges in the functionally important areas; this assumption was justified using tRNA as an example. In this study, we turn to the ribosome and show computationally that holes can also efficiently migrate within the whole ribosomal small subunit (SSU). The potential sites of charge localization in SSU are revealed, and it is shown that most of them are located in the functionally important areas of the ribosome—intersubunit bridges, Fe4S4 cluster, and the pivot linking the SSU head to its body. As a result, we suppose that hole localization within the SSU can affect intersubunit rotation (ratcheting) and SSU head swiveling, in agreement with the scenario of electronic coordination of ribosome operation. We anticipate that our findings will improve the understanding of the translation process and advance molecular biology and medicine.

scholarly journals Walking Around Ribosomal Small Subunit: A Possible “Tourist Map” for an Electron Hole

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Yu. Sosorev
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Charge Localization ◽  
Allosteric Mechanism ◽  
Electron Holes ◽  
Hole Localization

Despite several decades of research, the physics underlying translation – protein synthesis at the ribosome – remains poorly studied. For instance, the mechanism coordinating various events occurring in distant parts of the ribosome is unknown. Very recently, we have suggested that this allosteric mechanism could be based on the transport of electric charges (electron holes) along RNA molecules and localization of these charges in the functionally important areas; this assumption was justified using tRNA as an example. In this study, we turn to the ribosome and show computationally that holes can also efficiently migrate within the whole ribosomal small subunit (SSU). The potential sites of charge localization in SSU are revealed, and it is shown that most of them are located in the functionally important areas of the ribosome – intersubunit bridges, Fe4S4 cluster and the pivot linking the SSU head to the body. As a result, we suppose that hole localization within the SSU can affect intersubunit rotation (ratcheting) and SSU head swiveling, in agreement with the scenario of electronic coordination of ribosome operation. We anticipate that our findings will improve the understanding of the translation process and advance the molecular biology and medicine.

scholarly journals Effects on protein synthesis of injecting synthetic polyribonucleotides into living cells

1974 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Woodland ◽  
Sarah E. Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
Limited Supply ◽  
Inhibitor Of Protein Synthesis ◽  
Haemoglobin Synthesis

Micro-injection into the oocytes and eggs of Xenopus laevis was used to ascertain the effects of synthetic polyribonucleotides on protein synthesis in living cells. Poly(U) and poly(A) were not translated detectably, nor did they change the rate of endogenous protein synthesis. The same was true of poly(G,U), poly(A,G,U), poly(A,C,G,U), G-U-G-(U)n, A-(U)n and AUG. In contrast, A-U-G-(U)n was a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in the cell. This might be because it is initiated normally but lacks a termination codon, or because it inhibits the translation of other molecules in some way not dependent on its normal initiation. Poly(G,U), poly(A,G,U) and poly(A,C,G,U) inhibited haemoglobin synthesis when they were injected into the oocyte with haemoglobin mRNA. The synthetic polyribonucleotides did not inhibit the translation of the natural mRNA when the two sorts of molecules were injected at different times. It is suggested that the synthetic RNA molecules compete with the natural mRNA for a pre-initiation factor in limited supply.

scholarly journals Pulse-labeling Studies on Protein Synthesis in Developing Pea Seeds and Evidence of a Precursor Form of Legumin Small Subunit

1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Spencer ◽  
Thomas J. V. Higgins ◽  
Susan C. Button ◽  
Ross A. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Pea Seeds

Sculpturing New Muscle Phenotypes

Physiology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Babij ◽  
FW Booth
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Signal Transducers ◽  
Enzymes Of Energy Metabolism ◽  
Differential Gene

Changes in the pattern of muscle activity are followed by new patterns of protein synthesis, both in the contractile elements and in the enzymes of energy metabolism. Although the signal transducers have not been identified, techniques of molecular biology have clearly shown that the adaptive responses are the regulated consequence of differential gene expression.

scholarly journals Using Shapes & Codes to Teach the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: A Hands-On Inquiry-Based Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Dorrell ◽  
Jennifer E. Lineback
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
School Students ◽  
Central Dogma ◽  
Activity Sequence ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Support Students ◽  
The Relationship

The central dogma of molecular biology is key to understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype, although it remains a challenging concept to teach and learn. We describe an activity sequence that engages high school students directly in modeling the major processes of protein synthesis using the major components of translation. Students use a simple system of codes to generate paper chains, allowing them to learn why codons are three nucleotides in length, the purpose of start and stop codons, the importance of the promoter region, and how to use the genetic code. Furthermore, students actively derive solutions to the problems that cells face during translation, make connections between genotype and phenotype, and begin to recognize the results of mutations. This introductory activity can be used as an interactive means to support students as they learn the details of translation and molecular genetics.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of elongation on the ribosome: dynamics of a macromolecular machine

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wintermeyer ◽  
F. Peske ◽  
M. Beringer ◽  
K.B. Gromadski ◽  
A. Savelsbergh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Particles ◽  
Elongation Phase

Protein synthesis in the cell is performed on ribosomes, large ribonucleoprotein particles, which in bacteria consist of three RNA molecules and over 50 proteins. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of the elongation phase of protein synthesis. Results from rapid kinetic analysis of elongation reactions are discussed in the light of recent structural data.

scholarly journals From Protein Synthesis to Molecular Biology: The Appealing Tale of eIF-5A

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e199
Author(s):  
Michele Caraglia ◽  
Concetta Alaia ◽  
Marina Porcelli
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Molecular Biology
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