scholarly journals Effects of a Gluten-Containing Meal on Gastric Emptying and Gallbladder Contraction

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Massironi ◽  
Federica Branchi ◽  
Mirella Fraquelli ◽  
Alessandra Baccarin ◽  
Francesco Somalvico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Gallbladder Motility ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Gallbladder Contraction ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Contraction And Relaxation ◽  
Filling Curve

The ingestion of gluten has been associated with gastrointestinal symptoms even in the absence of detectable immune responses. Little is known about the pathophysiological effects of gluten on the upper gastrointestinal tract. We aimed to assess whether the ingestion of gluten leads to an impairment of the physiological mechanisms of gastric emptying, gallbladder contraction and relaxation. A total of 17 healthy subjects underwent ultrasound evaluation of gastric emptying dynamics and gallbladder contractions at baseline and every 30 min after a standard gluten-containing and gluten-free meal (250 kcal, 70% carbohydrates). The pattern of gastric emptying was similar after a standard meal with or without gluten, but differed in terms of the peak of the antral filling curve, which was wider (mean area 5.69, median 4.70, range 3.71‒9.27 cm2 vs. mean 4.89, median 4.57, 2.27‒10.22 cm2, p = 0.023) after the gluten-containing meal. The pattern of gallbladder contractions was different after the gluten-free meal (p < 0.05), with higher gallbladder volumes in the late refilling phases. The results of this study show that gluten ingestion exerts objective effects on gastric and gallbladder motility. Although the underlying pathophysiological mechanism remains unknown, these results could account for some of the gluten-related symptoms reported by patients with celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity.

scholarly journals Effect of the Natural Sweetener Xylitol on Gut Hormone Secretion and Gastric Emptying in Humans: A Pilot Dose-Ranging Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Anne Christin Meyer-Gerspach ◽  
Jürgen Drewe ◽  
Wout Verbeure ◽  
Carel W. le Roux ◽  
Ludmilla Dellatorre-Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Dose Dependent

Sugar consumption is associated with a whole range of negative health effects and should be reduced and the natural sweetener xylitol might be helpful in achieving this goal. The present study was conducted as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial. Twelve healthy, lean volunteers received intragastric solutions with 7, 17 or 35 g xylitol or tap water on four separate days. We examined effects on: gut hormones, glucose, insulin, glucagon, uric acid, lipid profile, as well as gastric emptying rates, appetite-related sensations and gastrointestinal symptoms. We found: (i) a dose-dependent stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), active glucagon-like peptide-1 (aGLP-1), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)-release, and decelerated gastric emptying rates, (ii) a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose and insulin, (iii) no effect on motilin, glucagon, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)-release, (iv) no effect on blood lipids, but a rise in uric acid, and (v) increased bowel sounds as only side effects. In conclusion, low doses of xylitol stimulate the secretion of gut hormones and induce a deceleration in gastric emptying rates. There is no effect on blood lipids and only little effect on plasma glucose and insulin. This combination of properties (low-glycemic sweetener which stimulates satiation hormone release) makes xylitol an attractive candidate for sugar replacement.

Nutritional Management of Celiac Disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciarán P Kelly ◽  
Satya Kurada ◽  
Mariana Urquiaga
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Antigliadin Antibodies

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an immune response to gluten peptides in wheat, barley, and rye. The diagnosis of celiac disease is confirmed by three important characteristics: consistent symptoms, positive celiac-specific serology, and small intestinal biopsy findings of inflammation, crypt hyperplasia, and villous atrophy. CD may present with overt gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea (or constipation), weight loss, and abdominal bloating and discomfort, or covertly with micronutrient deficiencies such as iron deficiency with anemia. A gluten-free diet (GFD) remains the mainstay of treatment. The aim of this review is to highlight the pathogenesis of CD, concepts and challenges associated with a GFD, and nutritional management of CD applicable in clinical practice to internists, gastroenterologists, and dietitians. Patients should be referred to an expert celiac dietitian for education on adherence to a GFD to address gluten contamination in the diet, the psychosocial implications of following a GFD, and macro- and micronutrient disequilibria arising from celiac disease and the GFD. Several novel therapeutics are on the horizon in various stages of development, including glutenases, antigliadin antibodies, tight junction regulators, modulation of the immune response to gliadin, and efforts to engineer less toxic gluten-containing foodstuffs. This review contains 3 figures, 5 tables, and 61 references. Key words: celiac disease, genetic engineering, food engineering, gluten, glutenases, gluten-free diet, oats, IgY, nutrition, tight junction regulators, wheat

scholarly journals Gluten and Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders in Children

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Llanos-Chea ◽  
Alessio Fasano
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Gluten Sensitivity ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Functional Abdominal Pain ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Irritable Bowel

In children, functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common at all ages. Consumption of certain foods, particularly gluten, is frequently associated with the development and persistence of FGIDs and functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) in adults and children. However, this association is not well defined. Even without a diagnosis of celiac disease (CD), some people avoid gluten or wheat in their diet since it has been shown to trigger mostly gastrointestinal symptoms in certain individuals, especially in children. The incidence of conditions such as non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is increasing, particularly in children. On the other hand, CD is a chronic, autoimmune small intestinal enteropathy with symptoms that can sometimes be mimicked by FAPD. It is still unclear if pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are more likely to have CD. Abdominal, pain-associated FGID in children with CD does not seem to improve on a gluten-free diet. The threshold for gluten tolerance in patients with NCGS is unknown and varies among subjects. Thus, it is challenging to clearly distinguish between gluten exclusion and improvement of symptoms related solely to functional disorders.

Nutritional Management of Celiac Disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciarán P Kelly ◽  
Satya Kurada ◽  
Mariana Urquiaga
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Villous Atrophy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Intestinal Biopsy ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Antigliadin Antibodies

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an immune response to gluten peptides in wheat, barley, and rye. The diagnosis of celiac disease is confirmed by three important characteristics: consistent symptoms, positive celiac-specific serology, and small intestinal biopsy findings of inflammation, crypt hyperplasia, and villous atrophy. CD may present with overt gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea (or constipation), weight loss, and abdominal bloating and discomfort, or covertly with micronutrient deficiencies such as iron deficiency with anemia. A gluten-free diet (GFD) remains the mainstay of treatment. The aim of this review is to highlight the pathogenesis of CD, concepts and challenges associated with a GFD, and nutritional management of CD applicable in clinical practice to internists, gastroenterologists, and dietitians. Patients should be referred to an expert celiac dietitian for education on adherence to a GFD to address gluten contamination in the diet, the psychosocial implications of following a GFD, and macro- and micronutrient disequilibria arising from celiac disease and the GFD. Several novel therapeutics are on the horizon in various stages of development, including glutenases, antigliadin antibodies, tight junction regulators, modulation of the immune response to gliadin, and efforts to engineer less toxic gluten-containing foodstuffs. This review contains 3 figures, 5 tables, and 61 references. Key words: celiac disease, genetic engineering, food engineering, gluten, glutenases, gluten-free diet, oats, IgY, nutrition, tight junction regulators, wheat

Blockade of GRP receptors inhibits gastric emptying and gallbladder contraction but accelerates small intestinal transit in humans

2000 ◽  
Vol 94 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Pius Hildebrand ◽  
Lukas P. Degen ◽  
Annette Collet ◽  
Livio Rossi ◽  
Fuping Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Gallbladder Contraction ◽  
Small Intestinal Transit ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Grp Receptors

scholarly journals Gastric emptying is rapid in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and relates to gastrointestinal symptoms

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiree Perano ◽  
Christopher Rayner ◽  
Stamatiki Kritas ◽  
Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa ◽  
Kim Donaghue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms

scholarly journals Gastroparesis: Prevalence, Clinical Significance and Treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
Yu-Chung Su ◽  
Christopher K Rayner ◽  
Karen L Jones
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Direct Outcome

The application of novel techniques to quantify gastric motor function and gastric emptying has yielded important insights into the prevalence, pathogenesis and clinical sequelae of gastroparesis. Both acute and chronic gastroparesis occur frequently; gastric emptying of solids is delayed in 30% to 50% of patients with diabetes mellitus, functional dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease. While many patients with gastroparesis experience upper gastrointestinal symptoms that adversely affect quality of life, the concept that symptoms are inevitably the direct outcome of delay in gastric emptying is now recognized to be overly simplistic. In contrast, the potential impact of gastroparesis on oral drug absorption and blood glucose control in patients with diabetes mellitus has probably been underestimated. While the use of prokinetic drugs (cisapride, domperidone, metoclopramide and erythromycin) forms the mainstay of therapy in symptomatic patients with gastroparesis, a number of novel pharmacological therapies are being evaluated, and preliminary studies using gastric pacing show promise.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document