scholarly journals Sodium Content of Processed Foods Available in the Mexican Market

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Claudia Nieto ◽  
Lizbeth Tolentino-Mayo ◽  
Catalina Medina ◽  
Eric Monterrubio-Flores ◽  
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Sodium intake is related to several adverse health outcomes, such as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Processed foods are major contributors to the population’s sodium intake. The aim of the present study was to determine sodium levels in Mexican packaged foods, as well as to evaluate the proportion of foods that comply with sodium benchmark targets set by the United Kingdom Food Standards Agency (UK FSA) and those set by the Mexican Commission for the Protection of Health Risks (COFEPRIS). We also evaluated the proportion of foods that exceeded the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) targets. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that comprised data collected from the package of 2248 processed foods from selected supermarkets in Mexico. Results: Many processed food categories contained an excessive amount of sodium. Processed meats, ham, bacon and sausages, had the highest concentrations. The proportion of foods classified as compliant in our sample was lower for international targets (FSA UK and PAHO) compared to the Mexican COFEPRIS criteria. Conclusions: These data provided a critical baseline assessment for monitoring sodium levels in Mexican processed foods.

scholarly journals Sodium Content of Processed Foods Available in the Mexican Market

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Nieto ◽  
Lizbeth Tolentino-Mayo ◽  
Catalina Medina ◽  
Eric Monterrubio-Flores ◽  
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

Background: Sodium intake has been related to several adverse health outcomes; such as, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Processed foods are major contributors to the population’s dietary sodium intake. The aim of the present study was to determine sodium levels in Mexican packaged foods; also to evaluate the proportion of foods that comply with sodium benchmark targets set by the UK Food Standards Agency (UK FSA) and those set by the Mexican Commission for the Protection of Health Risks (COFEPRIS). We also evaluated the proportion of foods that exceeded the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) targets. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that comprised data collected from the package of 2,248 processed foods from selected supermarkets of Mexico. Results: Many processed food categories contained excessive amount of sodium, being the processed meats (ham, bacon and sausages) those that have the highest concentrations. The proportion of foods classified as compliant in our sample was lower for international targets (FSA UK and PAHO) compared to the Mexican COFEPRIS criteria. Conclusions: These data provide a critical baseline assessment for monitoring sodium levels in Mexican processed foods.

scholarly journals Sodium Levels of Processed Meat in Australia: Supermarket Survey Data from 2010 to 2017

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emalie Sparks ◽  
Clare Farrand ◽  
Joseph Santos ◽  
Briar McKenzie ◽  
Kathy Trieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Health Dialogue

High sodium intake increases blood pressure and consequently increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In Australia, the best estimate of sodium intake is 3840 mg sodium/day, almost double the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline (2000 mg/day), and processed meats contribute approximately 10% of daily sodium intake to the diet. This study assessed the median sodium levels of 2510 processed meat products, including bacon and sausages, available in major Australian supermarkets in 2010, 2013, 2015 and 2017, and assessed changes over time. The median sodium content of processed meats in 2017 was 775 mg/100 g (interquartile range (IQR) 483–1080). There was an 11% reduction in the median sodium level of processed meats for which targets were set under the government’s Food and Health Dialogue (p < 0.001). This includes bacon, ham/cured meat products, sliced luncheon meat and meat with pastry categories. There was no change in processed meats without a target (median difference 6%, p = 0.450). The new targets proposed by the current government’s Healthy Food Partnership capture a larger proportion of products than the Food and Health Dialogue (66% compared to 35%) and a lower proportion of products are at or below the target (35% compared to 54%). These results demonstrate that voluntary government targets can drive nutrient reformulation. Future efforts will require strong government leadership and robust monitoring and evaluation systems.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Sodium Content and Compliance with the National Sodium Reduction Targets among Packaged Foods Sold in Costa Rica in 2015 and 2018

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2226
Author(s):  
Jaritza Vega-Solano ◽  
Adriana Blanco-Metzler ◽  
Karla Francela Benavides-Aguilar ◽  
JoAnne Arcand
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sodium Reduction ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Tomato Paste ◽  
Packaged Foods ◽  
Health Organization

High blood pressure is a leading cause of death in Costa Rica, with an estimated mortality rate of 30%. The average household sodium intake is two times higher than the World Health Organization recommendation. The consumption of processed foods is an important and growing contributor to sodium intake. The objective of this study was to describe the sodium content of packaged foods (mg/100 g) sold in Costa Rica in 2015 (n = 1158) and 2018 (n = 1016) and to assess their compliance with the national sodium reduction targets. All 6 categories with national targets were analyzed: condiments, cookies and biscuits, bread products, processed meats, bakery products, and sauces. A significant reduction in mean sodium content was found in only 3 of the 19 subcategories (cakes, tomato-based sauces, and tomato paste). No subcategories had statistically significant increases in mean sodium levels, but seasonings for sides/mains, ham, and sausage categories were at least 15% higher in sodium. Compliance with the national sodium targets among all foods increased from 80% in 2015 to 87% in 2018. The results demonstrate that it is feasible to reduce the sodium content in packaged foods in Costa Rica, but more work is needed to continually support a gradual reduction of sodium in packaged foods, including more stringent sodium targets.

scholarly journals Sodium content on processed foods for snacks

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Vieira dos Santos Kraemer ◽  
Renata Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
David Alejandro Gonzalez-Chica ◽  
Rossana Pacheco da Costa Proença
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrition Labelling ◽  
Serving Sizes ◽  
Serving Size

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the Na content reported on the labels of processed foods sold in Brazil that are usually consumed as snacks by children and adolescents.DesignCross-sectional study that assessed Na content and serving size reporting on processed food labels.SettingA supermarket that is part of a large chain in Brazil.SubjectsAll foods available for sale at the study’s location and reported in the literature as snacks present in the diets of Brazilian children and adolescents.ResultsOf the 2945 processed foods, 87 % complied with the reference serving sizes, although variability in reporting was observed in most of the food subgroups. In addition, 21 % of the processed foods had high Na levels (>600 mg/100 g) and 35 % had medium Na levels (>120 and ≤600 mg/100 g). The meats, oils, fats and seeds groups as well as the prepared dishes had higher percentages of foods classified as high Na (81 %, 58 % and 53 %, respectively).ConclusionsMost of the processed foods had high or medium Na content. We emphasize the importance of revising Brazilian nutrition labelling legislation to standardize reference serving sizes to avoid variation. Besides, we point out the potential for reducing Na levels in most processed foods, as evidenced by the variability in Na content within subgroups. Finally, we have identified the need to develop a method to classify Na levels in processed foods with specific parameters for children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Evaluation of exposure to effervescent drugs in a large health check-up population in France: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e022368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germain Perrin ◽  
Sarah Berdot ◽  
Frédérique Thomas ◽  
Bruno Pannier ◽  
Nicolas Danchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Health Check ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectivesThe relationship between high dietary sodium intake and hypertension is well established. Some drugs are associated with high-sodium content, particularly effervescent tablets (ETs). Despite a possible cardiovascular risk associated with the use of such drugs, observational data describing exposure to ETs in ambulatory subjects are lacking.This study aims to estimate the prevalence of exposure to ETs and to highlight factors associated with this exposure in a large French health check-up population.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.Setting and participantsParticipants were French individuals who underwent medical check-ups at the Investigations Préventives et Cliniques centre between April and June 2017.ResultsIn total, 1043 subjects were included in the study. The prevalence of exposure to ETs in the last 30 days was 26.9% (95% CI 24.2% to 29.6%). Exposure was frequent (ie, two ETs per week or more in the last 30 days) for 7.3% of subjects. Self-medication was the major source of exposure (93.8%). Paracetamol, aspirin, vitamins and betaine accounted for 95.3% of the ETs used. The factors associated with this exposure by multivariate analysis were: male gender, Overseas French origin, depression and body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. A diagnosis of hypertension or treatment with diuretics were not protective factors against exposure to ETs.ConclusionExposure to ETs is frequent in the general population, particularly through self-medication. Clinical conditions associated with low-salt requirements were not associated with lower exposure to ETs, suggesting a lack of awareness by practitioners and patients about this iatrogenic issue.

scholarly journals Don't Take it With a Grain of Salt

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulika Yoshida-Montezuma ◽  
Salma Hack ◽  
Christine Warren ◽  
Masha Jessri ◽  
JoAnne Arcand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Social Inequities ◽  
Reduce Sodium Intake ◽  
Upper Level

Background: Currently, sodium consumption of Canadians (2760 mg/day) exceeds the 2300 mg/day tolerable upper level putting Canadians at risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Voluntary sodium reformulation strategies have been implemented in Canada, the United Kingdom (UK), United States (US) to reduce sodium intake from processed foods. The potential for sodium reformulation to reduce sodium intake across socioeconomic position (SEP) is not well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent to which fully achieving sodium reformulation targets for processed foods outlined in the Canada, UK, US strategies would decrease population and social inequities in sodium intake in Canadian adults.   Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey–Nutrition (n=13,519 participants aged ≥19 years, 53% females). Foods from the 24-hour dietary recall were matched to each country’s sodium reduction categories and target sodium levels were applied. Multivariable linear regressions were used to estimate mean sodium intake for the population and across SEP indicators (educational attainment, household food security, and household income adequacy quintiles).   Results: Achieving Canada’s targets would reduce average sodium intake by 228 mg/day (95%CI: 196,260) compared to baseline. UK’s sodium targets would achieve greater reductions, decreasing average sodium intake by 270 mg/day (95%CI: 242,299). The US sodium targets would increase average sodium intake by 98 mg/day (95%CI: 64,132). Achieving sodium reformulation targets resulted in greater reductions in sodium intake in men, and in lower SEP groups. For example, educational inequalities in sodium intake observed at baseline were reduced in men [Canada: (RD: 148 mg/day, 95%CI: -30,327); UK: (RD: 152 mg/day, 95%CI: -43,347)] and eliminated in women.   Conclusion: Achieving targets outlined in Canada and UK’s voluntary sodium reformulation strategies would significantly reduce mean sodium intake in Canadians. This study demonstrated the potential for reducing social inequities in sodium intake and health. 

scholarly journals Processed Food and Atopic Dermatitis: A Pooled Analysis of Three Cross-Sectional Studies in Chinese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajia Li ◽  
Juan Su ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
Yanying Duan ◽  
Zhijun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Objective: The effect of processed foods on atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults is unclear. This study was to evaluate the association between processed foods and AD in the Chinese adult population.Design: This study included three population-based cross-sectional studies using cluster sampling by villages, institutions, or factories. Participants underwent dermatological examinations by certificated dermatologists and a food frequency questionnaire survey. A spot urine sample was collected to estimate the daily sodium intake. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented as the effect size.Setting: Shiyan city of Hubei province, and Huayuan, Shimen, Hengyang, Zhuzhou, and Changsha of Hunan province.Participants: Automobile manufacture workers from Shiyan of Hubei province, and rural residents and civil servants from Hunan.Results: A total of 15,062 participants, including 3,781 rural residents, 5,111 civil servants, and 6,170 workers, completed all evaluations. Compared to those hardly consumed pickles, consumption of pickles 1–3 times per week was significantly associated with AD (aOR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.06–1.70). The intake of processed meats 1–3 times per month (aOR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.05–1.58) and 1–3 times per week (aOR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.11–1.87) were associated with AD dose-dependently when compared with those who rarely ate processed meats. Compared with non-consumers, the consumption of any processed foods 1–3 times per week (aOR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.08–1.80) and ≥4 times per week (aOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.05–1.89) showed increased risks of AD. A positive association of estimated sodium intake with AD was also observed.Conclusion: Intake of processed foods is associated with AD in Chinese adults.

Salmonella and Raw Shell Eggs: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study of Contamination Rates and Egg Safety Practices in the United Kingdom Catering Sector in 2003

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. ELSON ◽  
C. L. LITTLE ◽  
R. T. MITCHELL
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Food Standards ◽  
The Impact

This study was prompted by epidemiological investigations of the unusual number of Salmonella Enteritidis outbreaks associated with the use of eggs in catering premises in England and Wales during 2002. The aims of the study, performed between April and May 2003, were to establish the rate of Salmonella contamination in raw shell eggs from catering premises, investigate any correlation between the origin and type of eggs and the presence of particular serotypes or phage types (PTs) of Salmonella, and examine the use of raw shell eggs in catering premises in the United Kingdom. A total of 34,116 eggs (5,686 pooled samples of six eggs) were collected from 2,104 catering premises, most of which were eggs produced in the United Kingdom (88%). Salmonella was isolated from 17 pools (0.3%) of eggs. Of these, 15 were Salmonella Enteritidis, which were further characterized to PTs as follows: PT6 (0.1%), PT4 (0.07%), PT12 (0.04%), PT1 (0.04%), and PT14b (0.02%). Salmonella Livingstone and Salmonella Typhimurium definitive type 7 resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline were also isolated. The Salmonella contamination rate of eggs produced in the United Kingdom appears to have decreased significantly since 1995 and 1996. This trend is reflected in the decrease of Salmonella Enteritidis and, in particular, Salmonella Enteritidis PT4. The impact of the United Kingdom Food Standards Agency's advice on the use of eggs, issued in January 2003, is discussed.

scholarly journals Changes in the Sodium Content of Foods Sold in Four Latin American Countries: 2015 to 2018

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4108
Author(s):  
Adriana Blanco-Metzler ◽  
Jaritza Vega-Solano ◽  
Beatriz Franco-Arellano ◽  
Lorena Allemandi ◽  
Rodrigo Burgos Larroza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Packaged Foods ◽  
Pan American ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Made In

In 2015, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) published sodium targets for packaged foods, which included two distinct levels: one “regional” and one “lower” target. Changes to the sodium content of the food supply in Latin American Countries (LAC) has not been evaluated. A repeated cross-sectional study used food label data from 2015 (n = 3859) and 2018 (n = 5312) to determine changes in the proportion of packaged foods meeting the PAHO sodium targets and the distribution in the sodium content of foods in four LAC (Argentina, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Peru). Foods were classified into the 18 food categories in the PAHO targets. The proportion of foods meeting the regional targets increased from 82.9% to 89.3% between 2015 and 2018 (p < 0.001). Overall, 44.4% of categories had significant decreases in mean sodium content. Categories with a higher proportion of foods meeting the regional and lower targets in 2018 compared to 2015 (p < 0.05) were breaded meat and poultry, wet and dry soups, snacks, cakes, bread products, flavored cookies and crackers, and dry pasta and noodles. While positive progress has been made in reducing the sodium content of foods in LAC, sodium intakes in the region remain high. More stringent targets are required to support sodium reduction in LAC.

Relationship Between Nutrient Intake and Vitamin D Status in Osteoporotic Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
de Souza Genaro ◽  
de Paiva Pereira ◽  
de Medeiros Pinheiro ◽  
Szejnfeld ◽  
Araújo Martini
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Records

Vitamin D is essential for maintaining calcium homeostasis and optimizing bone health. Its inadequacy is related to many factors including dietary intake. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum 25(OH)D and its relationship with nutrient intakes in postmenopausal Brazilian women with osteoporosis. This cross-sectional study comprised 45 free-living and assisted elderly at São Paulo Hospital. Three-day dietary records were used to assess dietary intakes. Bone mineral density was measured with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA). Blood and urine sample were collected for analysis of biochemical markers of bone and mineral metabolism. Insufficiency of vitamin D was observed in 24.4% of the women and optimal levels (≥ 50 nmol/L) were observed in 75.6%. Parathyroid hormone was above the reference range in 51% of the participants. The mean calcium (724 mg/day) and vitamin D (4.2 μ g/day) intakes were lower than the value proposed by The Food and Nutrition Board and sodium intake was more than two-fold above the recommendation. Higher levels of serum 25(OH)D were inversely associated with sodium intake. Dietary strategies to improve serum vitamin D must focus on increasing vitamin D intake and should take a reduction of sodium intake into consideration.

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