scholarly journals Timing of Creatine Supplementation around Exercise: A Real Concern?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2844
Author(s):  
Felipe Ribeiro ◽  
Igor Longobardi ◽  
Pedro Perim ◽  
Breno Duarte ◽  
Pedro Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Exercise Timing ◽  
Muscle Loading ◽  
Muscle Creatine ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Gains

Creatine has been considered an effective ergogenic aid for several decades; it can help athletes engaged in a variety of sports and obtain performance gains. Creatine supplementation increases muscle creatine stores; several factors have been identified that may modify the intramuscular increase and subsequent performance benefits, including baseline muscle Cr content, type II muscle fibre content and size, habitual dietary intake of Cr, aging, and exercise. Timing of creatine supplementation in relation to exercise has recently been proposed as an important consideration to optimise muscle loading and performance gains, although current consensus is lacking regarding the ideal ingestion time. Research has shifted towards comparing creatine supplementation strategies pre-, during-, or post-exercise. Emerging evidence suggests greater benefits when creatine is consumed after exercise compared to pre-exercise, although methodological limitations currently preclude solid conclusions. Furthermore, physiological and mechanistic data are lacking, in regard to claims that the timing of creatine supplementation around exercise moderates gains in muscle creatine and exercise performance. This review discusses novel scientific evidence on the timing of creatine intake, the possible mechanisms that may be involved, and whether the timing of creatine supplementation around exercise is truly a real concern.

Top management's communication in economic crisis and the firm's subsequent performance: sentiment analysis approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-205
Author(s):  
Supavich (Fone) Pengnate ◽  
Derek G. Lehmberg ◽  
Chanchai Tangpong
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Managerial Discretion ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Management Communications

PurposeIn economic crisis, where tensions create anxiety and test the emotions of the firms' shareholders, communication from top management is very crucial as it provides the reflection of the managers' interpretation of the firms' situation and potential strategies. The goal of this paper is to investigate the relationships between sentiment, as an aspect of emotions extracted from the letters to shareholders, managerial discretion and the firms' subsequent performance and performance trajectory during crisis.Design/methodology/approachA sentiment analysis was conducted to extract the sentiment from the letters to shareholders, which were collected from firms in two countries with different levels of managerial discretion (US vs. Japan). Hypotheses were developed and tested using a series of regression analysis.FindingsThe primary findings indicate that (1) managerial sentiment identified in letters to shareholders can potentially be related to the firm's subsequent performance in the economic crisis, and (2) managerial discretion moderates the relationship between managerial sentiment and subsequent firm performance.Practical implicationsWhen the managerial discretion is high, firms' shareholders can use the sentiment in top management communications to gauge whether the firms' situation would be improving in the near future.Originality/valueThis study expands the current research on sentiment analysis and firm performance to the context of economic crisis by suggesting that managerial sentiment can be substantially provoked as firms are facing with stressful economic conditions. The study also highlights the moderating role of managerial discretion on the firms' subsequent performance.

Market entry timing and performance

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Entry Timing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Level Analysis

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings Deciding when to enter new markets is becoming increasingly more difficult for companies. Managers can determine appropriate strategic approaches by focusing on product-level analysis and identifying factors that impact on the suitability of different entry points and subsequent performance. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Management capability and performance in Spanish family firms

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Garcés-Galdeano ◽  
Carmen García-Olaverri ◽  
Emilio Huerta
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Resource Policies ◽  
Management Capability ◽  
Spanish Family ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Gains

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible causes of the heterogeneous productivity observed in Spanish firms, finding evidence of a link between managerial capability and higher productivity in the context of family firms. Also, innovative human resource policies are much more frequently found in companies where there is a high level of management capability. Design/methodology/approach Productivity differences in Spanish family firms are, for the first time, analysed from a managerial view, and using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). Findings This paper proposes a way to measure managerial capability. Innovative human resource policies are much more frequently found in companies with high levels of management capability. The authors show that sustained competitive advantage is not just a function of single or isolated components, but rather a combination of human capital elements. Besides, a clear association between high managerial capability and performance in family firms is established. Thus, better management skills enable Spanish family firms to design the necessary strategies and internal structures to facilitate their adjustment to the business environment, and, thereby, achieve operational performance gains. Originality/value This paper proposes a way to measure managerial capability and its association with productivity in Spanish family firms using MCA. The authors also show a clear positive association between high managerial capability and performance in family firms. Thus, better management skills enable Spanish family firms to achieve operational performance gains.

Cumulative learning and sustained engagement in an introduction to accounting course

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husam Aldamen ◽  
Keith Duncan ◽  
Jennifer L. Ziegelmayer
Keyword(s):  
Student Performance ◽  
Final Examination ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Examination Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Cumulative Knowledge ◽  
Final Examination Performance ◽  
Performance Gains ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Due to its technical focus, the introductory accounting course has a hierarchical knowledge structure that requires students to master and integrate abstract knowledge which builds on itself over time. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between engagement and examination performance for students enrolled in a hierarchically structured course. Design/methodology/approach This research involves a retrospective study of an introduction to accounting course examining the relationship between increased engagement and examination performance. Students are provided opportunities for engagement through assigned homework and optional ungraded assignments. Performance is measured by scores on each of three examinations conducted throughout the semester. Findings The study finds that additional engagement in assignments has no significant impact on mid-semester examination performance; however, sustained engagement throughout the semester has a cumulative impact on final examination performance. Moreover, students that perform well on mid-semester examinations do not benefit from additional engagement, whereas students that perform poorly on the mid-semester examinations exhibit substantially higher final examination scores from sustained engagement. Practical implications This study illustrates the complex interplay between engagement and performance and the timing of performance gains. The implication for educators is that increased sustained engagement is likely to result in increased but delayed student performance gains in disciplines with hierarchical knowledge structures. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature in its examination of the timing of performance benefits gained from increased engagement in courses with a cumulative knowledge base.

Corporate-level strategy and firm performance: evidence from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Boya Li ◽  
Shou Chen
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Strategic Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Strategic Changes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
One Year ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Corporate Level

Purpose The research interest in this paper is primarily in the question of how important changes in corporate-level strategy affect firm performance. This paper aims to explore the relationship between strategic change and performance, illustrate the frequency patterns of major strategic changes and assess the multi-period performance implications of major strategic changes. Design/methodology/approach This paper defines strategic change by combining contingency theory and resource-based view. The panel data from 1973 listed firms of China’s A-share market that reported data between the years 2004 and 2015 are selected as the sample to test various relationships and effects between performance and strategic change. Findings This paper empirically shows that change in strategies benefits subsequent firm performance, specifically resources re-allocation among existing businesses will result better performance, and successful firms exhibit less strategic change than those performing poorly. It also demonstrates that, in China, the effects of a major strategic change on subsequent performance peaks after one year, but starts to decline thereafter. Originality/value This paper explores whether changes, especially important changes, in corporate-level strategy influence subsequent firm performance, and illustrates how frequently a listed firm in China makes decisions about corporate-level strategy. It contributes empirically to the literature by providing one of the first empirical evidence on assessing the effects of important changes in corporate-level strategy on performance.

Gambling with leadership succession in Brazilian football: head coach turnovers and team performance

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Galdino ◽  
Pamela Wicker ◽  
Brian P. Soebbing
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Leadership Succession ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
And Performance

PurposeAlthough leadership succession is a popular area of study across different professional sports leagues, existing research has largely ignored South America despite Brazilian football seeming to surpass the limits of coaching turnovers in comparison to any other league worldwide.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines the causes and consequences of 594 head coach turnovers in the Brasileirão from 2003 to 2018. A comprehensive longitudinal dataset was compiled (n = 13,012) and a series of regression analysis evaluated the determinants of coaching replacements as well as their effect on team performance.FindingsStatistical results revealed that coaching survival is significantly determined by a negative spell of three to four games, parallel competitions and performance expectations with three games in advance. Regarding performance outcomes, it takes seven games for a slight sign of improvement to be identified after a coach turnover, but no clear positive effects are recognized as an aftermath, supporting the ritual scapegoating theory.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that decision makers should consider the importance of a rational evaluation and the crucial component of time instead of judging coaches based on subjectivity and immediate results. Meanwhile, coaches should avoid voluntary turnovers, exercising priorities ahead of continental cups and sequences with few points accumulated.Originality/valueThis investigation discloses a valuable reference for coaches, sport managers and academic scholars interested in Brazilian football, as it extends knowledge development and theoretical understanding for a region that still lacks scientific evidence to back up its practical assumptions in sports.

Female Olympians’ voices: Female sports categories and International Olympic Committee Transgender guidelines

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022110215
Author(s):  
Cathy Devine
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Fair Inclusion ◽  
Female Sports ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Unanimous Agreement

The fair inclusion of female athletes at elite and Olympic levels is secured in most sports by way of female categories because of the extensively documented biological and performance-related differences between the sexes. International policy for transgender inclusion is framed by the definitive International Olympic Committee transgender guidelines in which the International Olympic Committee confirms the ‘overriding sporting objective is and remains the guarantee of fair competition’ and transwomen can be excluded from female categories if, in the interests of fairness, this is necessary and proportionate. Feminist theorists argue justice requires that women have equal moral standing in the sociocultural–political structures of society including sport. As such their voices should carry equal democratic weight. However, female elite and Olympic athletes are rarely heard in the sociocultural–political discourses of academic literature or policy formulation for transgender inclusion in female categories by the International Olympic Committee and governing bodies of sport. This empirical study investigated the views and presents the ‘voices’ of 19 female Olympians. The main findings include (1) these athletes thought both female and transgender athletes should be fairly included in elite sport, (2) unanimous agreement there is not enough scientific evidence to show no competitive advantage for transwomen, (3) unanimous agreement that the International Olympic Committee should revisit the rules and scientific evidence for transgender inclusion in female categories, and (4) the majority of athletes felt that they could not ask questions or discuss this issue without being accused of transphobia.

Information Theoretic Analysis and Performance Gains of 3-Color Shift Keying

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Alexandros E. Tzikas ◽  
Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis ◽  
George K. Karagiannidis
Keyword(s):  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Color Shift ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Gains

Recovery from memory failure when recalling a memorized performance: The role of musical structure and performance cues

2021 ◽  
pp. 102986492110254
Author(s):  
Roger Chaffin ◽  
Jane Ginsborg ◽  
James Dixon ◽  
Alexander P. Demos
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Music ◽  
Musical Structure ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Memory Failure ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Written Recall ◽  
Performance Gains ◽  
Over Time

To perform reliably and confidently from memory, musicians must able to recover from mistakes and memory failures. We describe how an experienced singer (the second author) recovered from mistakes and gaps in recall as she periodically recalled the score of a piece of vocal music that she had memorized for public performance, writing out the music six times over a five-year period following the performance. Five years after the performance, the singer was still able to recall two-thirds of the piece. When she made mistakes, she recovered and went on, leaving gaps in her written recall that lengthened over time. We determined where in the piece gaps started ( losses) and ended ( gains), and compared them with the locations of structural beats (starts of sections and phrases) and performance cues ( PCs) that the singer reported using as mental landmarks to keep track of her progress through the piece during the sung, public performance. Gains occurred on structural beats where there was a PC; losses occurred on structural beats without a PC. As the singer’s memory faded over time, she increasingly forgot phrases that did not start with a PC and recovered at the starts of phrases that did. Our study shows how PCs enable musicians to recover from memory failures.

Leader–follower narcissism and subgroup formation in teams: a conceptual model

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel London
Keyword(s):  
Team Performance ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
Goal Congruence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Outcomes ◽  
Performance Pressure ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
Trait Activation ◽  
And Performance

Purpose Drawing on existing theory, a model is developed to illustrate how the interaction between leaders and followers similarity in narcissism and goal congruence may influence subgroup formation in teams, and how this interaction influences team identification and team performance. Design/methodology/approach The proposed model draws on dominance complementary, similarity attraction, faultline formation and trait activation theories. Findings Leader–follower similarity in narcissism and goal congruence may stimulate subgroup formation, possibly resulting in conformers, conspirators, outsiders and victims, especially when performance pressure on a team is high. Followers who are low in narcissism and share goals with a leader who is narcissistic are likely to become conformers. Followers who are high in narcissism and share goals with a narcissistic leader are likely to become confederates. Followers who do not share goals with a narcissistic leader will be treated by the leader and other members as outsiders if they are high in narcissism, and victimized if they are low in narcissism. In addition, the emergence of these subgroups leads to reduced team identification and lower team performance. Practical implications Higher level managers, coaches and human resource professions can assess and, if necessary, counteract low team identification and performance resulting from the narcissistic personality characteristics of leaders and followers. Originality/value The model addresses how and under what conditions narcissistic leaders and followers may influence subgroup formation and team outcomes.

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