The Economic Burden of Malnutrition in Pregnant Women and Children under 5 Years of Age in Cambodia

Background: Malaria among pregnant women is one of the major causes of maternal and infant mortality and morbidity, especially in high-risk areas. Therefore, our study identified the burden of malaria for pregnant women, non-pregnant women, and children under 5 years of age, and malaria service health facilities in Bannu district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. In this survey, 15,650 individuals were surveyed, and 1,283 were malaria-positive detected. The data were collected from 80 different healthcare centers. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. ArcGIS version 10.8 was used for study area mapping.Results: Malaria was detected in 23.3% of children under five, 4.4% of pregnant women, and 72.3% of non-pregnant women, respectively. Moreover, P. falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infection had a prevalence of 2.1, 96.8, and 1.1%. The most often used and effective medications to treat malaria were chloroquine (29.7%) and primaquine (69.4%).Conclusion: This study's findings depict that malaria's prevalence in the non-pregnant women's group was high. Additionally, P. vivax infection was found to be more prevalent than other types of malaria infection. Due to the scarcity of healthcare facilities in this endemic region, special attention should be directed to strengthening the malaria surveillance and eradication programs.

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Exploring predictive frameworks for malaria in Burundi

10.1101/2021.07.20.21260697 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lionel Divin Mfisimana ◽

Emile Nibayisabe ◽

Kingsley Badu ◽

David Niyukuri

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Generalized Linear Model ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Health Concern ◽

Access To Health Services ◽

Access To Health ◽

Women And Children ◽

Source Of Information ◽

Children Under 5

Abstract Malaria is a major public health concern in Burundi. The infection has been increasing in the last decade despite efforts to increase access to health services, and the deployment of several intervention programs. The use of different data sources can help to build predictive models of malaria cases in different sub-populations. We built predictive frameworks using generalized linear model (GLM), and artificial neural network to predict malaria cases in four sub-populations (pregnant women and children under 5 years, pregnant women, children between 0 and 11 months, children between 12 and 59 months), and the overall general population. The results showed that almost half malaria infections are observed in pregnant women and children under 5 years, but children between 12 and 59 months carry the highest burden. Neural network model performed better in predicting total cases compared to GLM. But the latter provided information on the e ect of predictors, which is an important source of information to mainstream target interventions. Early prediction of cases can provide timely information needed to be proactive for intervention strategies, and it can help to mitigate the epidemics and reduce its impact on populations and the economy.

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Safety, immunogenicity and effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccines in healthy pregnant women and children under 5 years: An Evidence-Based Clinical Review

10.22541/au.159480194.49928498 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Amit Bansal ◽

Mai Chi Trieu ◽

Rebecca Cox

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Clinical Review ◽

Influenza Vaccines ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Women And Children ◽

Children Under 5

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Effectiveness of interventions to reduce household air pollution from solid biomass fuels and improve maternal and child health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-021-01590-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Katherine E. Woolley ◽

Emma Dickinson-Craig ◽

Suzanne E. Bartington ◽

Tosin Oludotun ◽

Bruce Kirenga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Biomass Fuels ◽

Middle Income ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Women And Children ◽

Solid Biomass ◽

And Child Health ◽

Children Under 5

Abstract Background A variety of public health interventions have been undertaken in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with household air pollution (HAP) due to cooking, heating and lighting with solid biomass fuels. Pregnant women and children under five are particularly vulnerable to the effects of HAP, due to biological susceptibility and typically higher exposure levels. However, the relative health benefits of interventions to reduce HAP exposure among these groups remain unclear. This systematic review aims to assess, among pregnant women, infants and children (under 5 years) in LMIC settings, the effectiveness of interventions which aim to reduce household air pollutant emissions due to household solid biomass fuel combustion, compared to usual cooking practices, in terms of health outcomes associated with HAP exposure. Methods This protocol follows standard systematic review processes and abides by the PRISMA-P reporting guidelines. Searches will be undertaken in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), The Global Index Medicus (GIM), ClinicalTrials.gov and Greenfile, combining terms for pregnant women and children with interventions or policy approaches to reduce HAP from biomass fuels or HAP terms and LMIC countries. Included studies will be those reporting (i) pregnant women and children under 5 years; (ii) fuel transition, structural, educational or policy interventions; and (iii) health events associated with HAP exposure which occur among pregnant women or among children within the perinatal period, infancy and up to 5 years of age. A narrative synthesis will be undertaken for each population-intervention-outcome triad stratified by study design. Clinical and methodological homogeneity within each triad will be used to determine the feasibility for undertaking meta-analyses to give a summary estimate of the effect for each outcome. Discussion This systematic review will identify the effectiveness of existing HAP intervention measures in LMIC contexts, with discussion on the context of implementation and adoption, and summarise current literature of relevance to maternal and child health. This assessment reflects the need for HAP interventions which achieve measurable health benefits, which would need to be supported by policies that are socially and economically acceptable in LMIC settings worldwide. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020164998

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