scholarly journals Dishwashers as an Extreme Environment of Potentially Pathogenic Yeast Species

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Kamila Kulesza ◽  
Anna Biedunkiewicz ◽  
Karolina Nowacka ◽  
Maria Dynowska ◽  
Monika Urbaniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Exophiala Dermatitidis ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Standard Procedures

The study aimed to compare the yeast species diversity in the specific environment of dishwashers, taking into account the potential risk for users. Yeasts were isolated from ten dishwashers and from tap water supplied to the appliances. Samples were collected for mycological analyses at the beginning of each month, from February to May 2016. Four dishwasher sites (rubber seals, detergent dispensers, sprinklers, and water drains) were analyzed. The microfungi were identified by the standard procedures applied in mycological diagnostics. To confirm species identification, molecular analysis was performed based on the sequences of the D1/D2 region. The presence of microfungi was detected in 70% of the investigated appliances. Rubber seals, detergent dispensers, and water drains were the most frequently colonized elements. Thirty-five yeast strains were isolated in this study, of which twenty-seven were obtained from dishwashers and eight from tap water. The strains belonged to six genera and six species (Candida parapsilosis, Clavispora lusitaniae, Dipodascus capitatus, Exophiala dermatitidis, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa). Most of the strains came from rubber seals. In this way, it was demonstrated that the dishwashers’ condition is sufficient as an ecological niche for microfungi.

scholarly journals Identification and phylogeny of some species of the genera Sporidiobolus and Rhodotorula using analysis of the 5.8s rDNA gene and two ribosomal internal transcribed spacers

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mokhtari ◽  
H.R. Etebarian ◽  
S.H. Mirhendi ◽  
M. Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Species ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Yeast Identification ◽  
5.8S Rdna ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Its1 And Its2

Due to the problems encountered in routine morphological and physiological procedures that are used in yeast identification, DNA-based methods have recently been developed. In the present study, l66 yeast strains were isolated from several apple and citrus cultivars. After analysis by basic morphological methods, the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of the isolates were amplified separately, and the isolates were grouped based on fragment size polymorphism (FSP) of the amplicons. By comparing the electrophoretic patterns of the PCR products with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, species were identified as Rhodotorula. For precise and final identification, the ITS-PCR products were subjected to sequencing followed by Blast analysis. As a result, eight isolates were identified as belonging to the Rhodotorula genus, of which five were identified as R. mucilaginosa and three as R. glutinis, and one as a Sporidiobolus. We conclude that the method PCR-FSP, in combination with other approaches, is useful for the identification of yeast species.

scholarly journals Polymorphic centromere locations in the pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Ola ◽  
Caoimhe E. O’Brien ◽  
Aisling Y. Coughlan ◽  
Qinxi Ma ◽  
Paul D. Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Inverted Repeat ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Genomic Rearrangements ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Chromosomal Site ◽  
Genetically Determined

ABSTRACTCentromeres pose an evolutionary paradox: strongly conserved in function, but rapidly changing in sequence and structure. However, in the absence of damage, centromere locations are usually conserved within a species. We report here that isolates of the pathogenic yeast species Candida parapsilosis exhibit within-species polymorphism for the location of centromeres on two of its eight chromosomes. Its old centromeres have an inverted-repeat (IR) structure, whereas its new centromeres have no obvious structural features, but are located within 30 kb of the old site. Centromeres can therefore move naturally from one chromosomal site to another, apparently spontaneously and in the absence of any significant changes in DNA sequence. Our observations are consistent with a model where all centromeres are genetically determined, such as by the presence of short or long IRs, or the ability to form cruciforms. We also find that centromeres have been hotspots for genomic rearrangements in the C. parapsilosis clade.

scholarly journals Using RNA-seq to determine the transcriptional landscape and the hypoxic response of the pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis

BMC Genomics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Guida ◽  
Claudia Lindstädt ◽  
Sarah L Maguire ◽  
Chen Ding ◽  
Desmond G Higgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Hypoxic Response ◽  
Transcriptional Landscape

scholarly journals Resistance to miltefosine results from amplification of the RTA3 floppase or inactivation of flippases in Candida parapsilosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Bergin ◽  
Fang Zhao ◽  
Adam P Ryan ◽  
Carolin A Müller ◽  
Conrad A Nieduszynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Adaptive Laboratory Evolution ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Lipid Asymmetry ◽  
Evolution Experiment ◽  
Almost All

Flippases and floppases are two classes of proteins that have opposing functions in the maintenance of lipid asymmetry of the plasma membrane. Flippases translocate lipids from the exoplasmic leaflet to the cytosolic leaflet, and floppases act in the opposite direction. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major component of the eukaryotic plasma membrane and is asymmetrically distributed, being more abundant in the exoplasmic leaflet. Here we show that gene amplification of a putative PC floppase or double disruption of two PC flippases in the pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis results in resistance to miltefosine, an alkylphosphocholine drug that affects PC metabolism that has recently been granted orphan drug designation approval by the US FDA for treatment of invasive candidiasis. We analysed the genomes of 170 C. parapsilosis isolates and found that 107 of them have copy number variations (CNVs) at the RTA3 gene. RTA3 encodes a putative PC floppase whose deletion is known to increase the inward translocation of PC in Candida albicans. RTA3 copy number ranges from 2 to >40 across the C. parapsilosis isolates. Interestingly, 16 distinct CNVs with unique endpoints were identified, and phylogenetic analysis shows that almost all of them have originated only once. We found that increased copy number of RTA3 correlates with miltefosine resistance. Additionally, we conducted an adaptive laboratory evolution experiment in which two C. parapsilosis isolates were cultured in increasing concentrations of miltefosine over 26 days. Two genes, CPAR2_303950 and CPAR2_102700, gained homozygous protein-disrupting mutations in the evolved strains and code for putative PC flippases homologous to S. cerevisiae DNF1. Our results indicate that alteration of lipid asymmetry across the plasma membrane is a key mechanism of miltefosine resistance. We also find that C. parapsilosis is likely to gain resistance to miltefosine rapidly, because many isolates carry loss-of-function alleles in one of the flippase genes.

scholarly journals Isolation, identification and diversity of oleaginous yeasts from Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1266-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICKY VINCENT ◽  
HUANG CHAI HUNG ◽  
PATRICIA ROWENA MARK BARAN ◽  
AFIZUL SAFWAN AZAHARI ◽  
DAYANG SALWANI AWANG ADENI
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Oleaginous Yeasts ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Pichia Manshurica ◽  
Sudan Iv ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Vincent M, Hung MC, Baran PRM, Azahari AS, Adeni DSA. 2018. Isolation, identification and diversity of oleaginous yeastsfrom Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 19: 1266-1272. The present study was performed to isolate, identify and determine thediversity of oleaginous yeasts from various sources in Kuching, Sarawak (Malaysia). Microscopic observations via light and scanningelectron microscope (SEM) indicated that the yeast isolates were in sizes ranging from 2-3 μm in width and 4-8 μm in length, typical ofmost unicellular ascomycotic fungi. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and molecular identification performed on the yeast isolates,targeting the D1/D2 region of the 26S rDNA, identified 6 yeast species from the 21 isolates, namely Pichia manshurica (5/21), Candidakrusei (8/21), Candida parapsilosis (1/21), Pichia guilliermondii (2/21), Clavispora lusitaniae (1/21) and Kluyveromyces marxianus(4/21). All 21 yeast isolates accumulated intracellular lipids when grown in nitrogen-limited medium, as tested via Sudan IV staining.The present study is the first to document the production of lipids bodies in C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. lusitaniae. Furtherinvestigations to assess the growth kinetics, lipid production efficiencies and lipids profiles of these oleaginous yeasts may provideinsights into the possible utilization of these isolates for a variety of scientific, technical and industrial applications.

scholarly journals High frequency of potentially pathogenic yeast species in goat’s raw milk and creamed cheese in Southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Andréia Spanamberg ◽  
Jesus Pais Ramos ◽  
Orílio Leoncini ◽  
Sydney Hartz Alves ◽  
Patrícia Valente
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast

scholarly journals Different toenail onychomycosis due to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Candida parapsilosis in an immunocompetent young adult

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 69-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gai Ge ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Huan Mei ◽  
Guixia Lu ◽  
Hailin Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa

scholarly journals Polymorphic centromere locations in the pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 684-696
Author(s):  
Mihaela Ola ◽  
Caoimhe E. O'Brien ◽  
Aisling Y. Coughlan ◽  
Qinxi Ma ◽  
Paul D. Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast

Systematics of yeast species in the Candida parapsilosis group

1967 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Fell ◽  
Sally A. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Yeast Species
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