scholarly journals Review of Methods Used for Diagnosing Tuberculosis in Captive and Free-Ranging Non-Bovid Species (2012–2020)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Rebecca Thomas ◽  
Mark Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
African Wild Dogs ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Free Ranging

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is a group of bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB) in diverse hosts, including captive and free-ranging wildlife species. There is significant research interest in developing immunodiagnostic tests for TB that are both rapid and reliable, to underpin disease surveillance and control. The aim of this study was to carry out an updated review of diagnostics for TB in non-bovid species with a focus predominantly on those based on measurement of immunity. A search was carried out to identify relevant papers meeting a pre-defined set of inclusion criteria. Forty-one papers were identified from this search, from which only twenty papers contained data to measure and compare diagnostic performance using diagnostic odds ratio. The diagnostic tests from each study were ranked based on sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio to define high performing tests. High sensitivity and specificity values across a range of species were reported for a new antigenic target, P22 complex, demonstrating it to be a reliable and accurate antigenic target. Since the last review of this kind was undertaken, the immunodiagnosis of TB in meerkats and African wild dogs was reported for the first time. Suid species showed the most consistent immunological responses and highlight a potential dichotomy between humoral and cellular immune responses.

scholarly journals Clinical utility of microRNA-451 as diagnostic biomarker for human cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanzhan Li ◽  
Yanyan Li ◽  
Jun Fu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Liangfang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractWe conducted comprehensive analyses to assess the diagnostic ability of miRNA-451 in cancers. A systematic online search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, China’s national knowledge infrastructure, and VIP databases from inception to July 31, 2017. The bivariate random effect model was used for calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under cure (AUC). The whole pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.85 (0.77–0.90) and 0.85 (0.78–0.90) with their 95% confidence interval (95%CI), respectively. The pooled AUC was 0.91 (95%CI: 0.89–0.94). Positive likelihood ratio was 5.57 (95%CI: 3.74–8.31), negative likelihood ratio was 0.18 (95%CI: 0.11–0.28), and diagnostic odds ratio was 31.33 (95%CI: 15.19–64.61). Among Asian population, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.85 (95%CI: 0.77–0.91) and 0.86 (95%CI: 0.78–0.91), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 5.87 (95%CI: 3.78–9.12) and 0.17 (95%CI: 0.11–0.28). The diagnostic odds ratio and AUC were 34.31 (15.51–75.91) and 0.92 (0.89–0.94). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and AUC for digestive system cancer were 0.83, 0.88, 6.87, 0.20, 35.13, and 0.92, respectively. The other cancers were 0.87, 0.81, 4.55, 0.16, 28.51, and 0.90, respectively. For sample source, the results still remain consistent. Our results indicated miRNA-451 has a moderate diagnostic ability for cancers, and could be a potential early screening biomarker, and considered as an adjuvant diagnostic index when being combined with other clinical examinations.

scholarly journals Prognostic Value of N-terminal Probrain Natriuretic Peptide for Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Qi Ni ◽  
Chaoqian Li ◽  
Hua Lin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objectives. The mortality rate of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is high. Hence, it is crucial to identify a reliable biomarker with wide clinical applications for predicting the prognosis of patients with ARDS. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the value of plasma N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) for predicting mortality in patients with ARDS. Methods. An electronic search of databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure was conducted up to May 31, 2019, without language restrictions. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using QUADAS-2. Data were extracted and analyzed to obtain pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio. A forest graph was used to evaluate heterogeneity. Potential causes of heterogeneity were further explored by subgroup analysis based on the testing day, testing method, observation endpoint, or cut-off points. A summary receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to obtain the pooled area under the curve. Results. A total of 7 studies involving 581 patients with ARDS were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were as follows: 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72–0.84), 0.79 (95% CI: 0.66–0.88), 3.68 (95% CI: 2.16–6.28), 0.27 (95% CI: 0.20–0.38), and 13.58 (95% CI: 6.17–29.90), respectively. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the testing day influenced the summary sensitivity and that the cut-off points influenced the summary sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion. Our results indicate that elevated plasma NT-proBNP levels have a moderate value for predicting the mortality of patients with ARDS.

Accuracy of multiparametric MRI in distinguishing the breast malignant lesions from benign lesions: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512096390
Author(s):  
Chun-Rong Zhu ◽  
Ke-Yu Chen ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
Zhi-Yang Xia ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Multiparametric Mri ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background The sensitivity of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for detecting breast cancer was high and the specificity was relatively low. However, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has a high specificity in the diagnosis of malignant lesions. Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of the multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) in distinguishing the breast malignant lesions from the benign lesions. Material and Methods A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases was conducted up to March 2020. Data were analyzed for the following indexes: pooled sensitivity and specificity; positive likelihood ratio; negative likelihood ratio; diagnostic odds ratio; and the area under the curve. Results A total of 2356 patients with 1604 malignant and 967 benign breast lesions were included from 22 studies. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve for mp-MRI were 0.93, 0.85, 6.3, 0.08, 81, and 0.96, respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for DCE-MRI alone were 0.95, 0.71, and 0.92, respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for DWI alone were 0.88, 0.84, and 0.93, respectively. Conclusion The mp-MRI did not improve the sensitivity but increased the specificity for the diagnosis of breast malignant lesions.

scholarly journals Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis: Fecal Calprotectin as a Surrogate Marker for Predicting Relapse in Adults with Ulcerative Colitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Li ◽  
Xiaojing Zhao ◽  
Xueting Li ◽  
Meijiao Lu ◽  
Hongjie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Clinical Relapse ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Receiver Operating

The clinical course of ulcerative colitis (UC) is featured by remission and relapse, which remains unpredictable. Recent studies revealed that fecal calprotectin (FC) could predict clinical relapse for UC patients in remission, which has not yet been well accepted. To detect the predictive value of FC for clinical relapse in adult UC patients based on updated literature, we carried out a comprehensive electronic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify all eligible studies. Diagnostic accuracy including pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) was calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed by the I2 metric. Sources of heterogeneity were detected using subgroup analysis. Metaregression was used to test potential factors correlated to DOR. Publication bias was assessed using Deek’s funnel plots. In our study, 14 articles enrolling a total of 1110 participants were finally included, and all articles underwent a quality assessment. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, and NLR with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.70–0.79), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.74–0.80), 3.45 (95% CI: 2.31–5.14), and 0.37 (95% CI: 0.28–0.49) respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve was 0.82, and the diagnostic odds ratio was 10.54 (95% CI: 6.16–18.02). Our study suggested that FC is useful in predicting clinical relapse for adult UC patients in remission as a simple and noninvasive marker.

scholarly journals Serum CA125, CA199 and CEA combined detection for epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosis: A meta-analysis

Open Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhong Guo ◽  
Jiangtao Yu ◽  
Xiaojie Song ◽  
Haixia Mi
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Ca125 ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic value of combination detection of serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA199) and carci noembryonic antigen(CEA) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer by pooling the open published studies according to meta-analysis method.MethodsDiagnostic studies related to combination detection of serum CA125, CA199 and CEA in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were electronic searched in the databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Google scholar, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge and CNKI by two independent reviewers. The combined diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive likely hood ratio (+LR), negative likely hood ratio (-LR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were pooled by Med DiSc1.4 software.ResultsTwelve prospective diagnostic publications were finally fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity specificity, positive likely hood ratio, negative likely hood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and AUC were 0.90 (95%CI: 0.80 to 0.92), 0.83 (95%CI: 0.80 to 0.86), 5.35(95%CI:3.90 to 7.33), 0.13 (95%CI: 0.10 to 0.16), 48.53 (95%CI: 29.91 to 78.72) and 0.92 (95%C: 0.89 to 0.94) respectively by fixed or random effect model. No publication bias was found according to the funnel plot and line regression test (t=-1.34, P=0.21).ConclusionCombination detection serum CA125, CA199 and CEA was a promising biomarker forepithelial ovarian cancer diagnosis with relative high sensitivity and specificity.

scholarly journals Abdominal Ultrasound and its diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing Acute Appendicitis: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Fu ◽  
Xu Zhou ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Sheng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Suspected Acute Appendicitis

Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is a common cause for abdominal pain encountering unnecessary surgeries in emergency departments. The present meta-analysis aims to assess the accuracy of abdominal ultrasound in suspected acute appendicitis cases in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and post-test odds for positive and negative results. Materials and Methods: An extensive and systematic search was conducted in Medline (via PubMed), Cinahl (via Ebsco), Scopus, and Web of Sciences from 2010 till the end of March 2021. Two authors analyzed studies for inclusion, collected results, and conducted analyses separately. The histopathological study on tissue collected during appendectomy served as the gold standard for determining the final diagnosis. The accuracy was determined by evaluating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), diagnostic odds ratio. Results: Out of 3193 references, a total of 18 studies were selected. Overall sensitivity of 77.2% (95 % CI – 75.4 – 78.9%) and specificity of 60% (95 % CI – 58% – 62%) were observed. The diagnostic odds ratio of 6.88(95 % CI 1.99 – 23.82) was obtained. Conclusion: Abdominal ultrasound shows significant accuracy of diagnosis in patients with suspected acute appendicitis.

scholarly journals Abdominal Ultrasound and Its Diagnostic Accuracy in Diagnosing Acute Appendicitis: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Fu ◽  
Xu Zhou ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Sheng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Suspected Acute Appendicitis

Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) is a common cause of abdominal pain encountering unnecessary surgeries in emergency departments. The present meta-analysis aims to assess the accuracy of abdominal ultrasound in suspected acute appendicitis cases in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and post-test odds for positive and negative results.Materials and Methods: An extensive and systematic search was conducted in Medline (via PubMed), Cinahl (via Ebsco), Scopus, and Web of Sciences from 2010 till the end of March 2021. Two authors analyzed studies for inclusion, collected results, and conducted analyses separately. Examination of the histopathological tissue collected during appendectomy served as a gold standard for determining the final diagnosis of appendicitis. The accuracy was determined by evaluating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), diagnostic odds ratio.Results: Out of 3,193 references, a total of 18 studies were selected. Overall sensitivity of 77.2% (95% CI – 75.4–78.9%) and specificity of 60% (95% CI – 58–62%) were observed. The diagnostic odds ratio of 6.88(95% CI 1.99–23.82) was obtained.Conclusion: Abdominal ultrasound shows significant accuracy of diagnosis in patients with suspected acute appendicitis.

scholarly journals Post-operative day 3 Procalcitonin predicts post-operative infectious complications in pancreatic surgery A systemic review and updated meta-analysis.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
BHAVIN VASAVADA ◽  
hardik patel
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Pancreatic Surgery ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Aim of study: Aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate post-operative procalcitonin as a marker to predict post- operative infectious complications after pancreatic surgeries. Material and Methods: Systemic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE and to identify studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of Procalcitonin (PCT) as a predictor for detecting infectious complications on postoperative days (POD) 3 and 5 following pancreatic surgery. A meta-analysis was performed using random effect model and pooled predictive parameters for POD 3 and 5 were derived. Geometric means were calculated for PCT cut offs. Results: 6 studies included day 3 PCT analysis, 2 studies included both day 3 and day 5 analysis. Total data of 471 patients were derived. 161 patients developed infectious complications. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, pooled area under curve, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), positive and negative like hood ratio of day 3 PCT were 74%,79%,0.8453, 11.03,3.17 and 0.31 respectively. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), positive and negative like hood ratio of day 5 PCT were 83%,70%,12.91,2.91 and 0.25 respectively. Geometric means for PCT cut off for day 3 and 5 were 0.80 and 0.43. Conclusion: Postoperative procalcitonin particularly day 3 procalcitonin levels predict post-operative infectious complications following pancreatic surgeries.

scholarly journals Diagnostic performance of clinic and home blood pressure measurements compared with ambulatory blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auttakiat Karnjanapiboonwong ◽  
Thunyarat Anothaisintawee ◽  
Usa Chaikledkaew ◽  
Charungthai Dejthevaporn ◽  
John Attia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Home Blood Pressure ◽  
Masked Hypertension ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Pool Prevalence

Abstract Background: Currently, clinic blood pressure measurement(CBPM) is most commonly used for screening hypertension, but it is facing with white coat hypertension(WCHT) and masked hypertension(MHT). Home blood pressure measurement(HBPM) may be an alternative, but its diagnostic performance is inconclusive relative to CBPM. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to estimate the performance of CBPM and HBPM compared with ambulatory blood pressure measurement(ABPM) and to pool prevalence of WCHT and MHT. Methods: Medline and Scopus databases were searched up to 23 rd January 2020. Studies having diagnostic test as CBPM or HBPM, reference standard as ABPM, and reported sensitivity and specificity of either or both tests and/or proportion of white coat or masked hypertension were eligible. Diagnostic performance of CBPM and HBPM were pooled using bivariate mixed-effect regression model. Random effect model was applied to pool prevalence of WCHT and MHT. Results: Fifty-eight studies were eligible. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of CBPM were 70%(95%CI:63%-76%), 81%(95%CI:73%-81%), and 9.84(95%CI:6.82-14.20), respectively. Pooled prevalence of WCHT and MHT were 28%(95%CI:25%-32%) and 27%(95%CI:22%-31%). Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio of HBPM were 74%(95%CI:66%-80%), 83%(95%CI:76%-89%), and 13.73(95%CI:8.55.0-22.03), respectively. Pooled WCHT and MHT were 17%(95%CI:11%-22%) and 30%(95%CI:19%-42%), respectively. Conclusions: Diagnostic performances of HBPM were slightly higher than performance of CBPM. However, prevalence of MHT was high in both negative CBPM and HBPM. Therefore, ABPM is still necessary for hypertension diagnosis, especially in people suspected with masked hypertension.

Diagnostic performance of circulating cell-free DNA for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-239
Author(s):  
Jinmei Zhang ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Shuxia Gao ◽  
Xue Zhao ◽  
Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristics ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: We aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials & methods: After a systematic literature search bivariate linear mixed models were used to integrate sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio. The area under receiver operating characteristics curves of the included studies was used to estimate the diagnostic value. Results: Thirty-eight articles enrolled in quantitative synthesis. In overall analysis the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and area under receiver operating characteristics curves for cfDNA in distinguishing HCC patients from healthy controls were 0.54, 0.90, 5.23, 0.51, 10.27 and 0.82, respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that cfDNA has a promising diagnostic accuracy in detection of HCC.

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