scholarly journals Metabolomics Insights into Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1190
Author(s):  
Laila Aldars-García ◽  
Javier P. Gisbert ◽  
María Chaparro
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Metabolic Imbalance ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, complex relapsing disorder characterised by immune dysregulation, gut microbiota alteration, and disturbed intestinal permeability. The diagnosis and the management of IBD are challenging due to the recurrent nature and complex evolution of the disease. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism underlying the aetiology and pathogenesis of IBD is still poorly understood. There is an unmet need for novel, reliable, and noninvasive tools for diagnosing and monitoring IBD. In addition, metabolomic profiles may provide a priori determination of optimal therapeutics and reveal novel targets for therapies. This review tries to gather scientific evidence to summarise the emerging contribution of metabolomics to elucidate the mechanisms underlying IBD and changes associated with disease phenotype and therapies, as well as to identify biomarkers with metabolic imbalance in those patients. Metabolite changes during health and disease could provide insights into the disease pathogenesis and the discovery of novel indicators for the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of IBD. Metabolomic studies in IBD have shown changes in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, amino-acid and fatty-acid metabolism, and oxidative pathways. Metabolomics has made progress towards identifying metabolic alterations that may provide clinically useful biomarkers and a deeper understanding of the disease. However, at present, there is insufficient evidence evaluating the predictive accuracy of these molecular signatures and their diagnostic ability, which is necessary before metabolomic data can be translated into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Sa1884 – Unmet Need of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada: Results of a Patient Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. S-441
Author(s):  
James R. Gray ◽  
Gail Attara ◽  
Guy Aumais ◽  
Remo Panaccione ◽  
John K. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Patient Survey ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals JAK inhibition using tofacitinib for inflammatory bowel disease treatment: a hub for multiple inflammatory cytokines

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (3) ◽  
pp. G155-G162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Danese ◽  
Matthew Grisham ◽  
Jennifer Hodge ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Telliez
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Jak Inhibitor ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The inflammatory diseases ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease constitute the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They are characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, significantly impacting on patient quality of life and often requiring prolonged treatment. Existing therapies for IBD are not effective for all patients, and an unmet need exists for additional therapies to induce and maintain remission. Here we describe the mechanism of action of the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, tofacitinib, for the treatment of IBD and the effect of JAK inhibition on the chronic cycle of inflammation that is characteristic of the disease. The pathogenesis of IBD involves a dysfunctional response from the innate and adaptive immune system, resulting in overexpression of multiple inflammatory cytokines, many of which signal through JAKs. Thus JAK inhibition allows multiple cytokine signaling pathways to be targeted and is expected to modulate the innate and adaptive immune response in IBD, thereby interrupting the cycle of inflammation. Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule JAK inhibitor that is being investigated as a targeted immunomodulator for IBD. Clinical development of tofacitinib and other JAK inhibitors is ongoing, with the aspiration of providing new treatment options for IBD that have the potential to deliver prolonged efficacy and clinically meaningful patient benefits.

scholarly journals Consensus guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Consensus Guidelines ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Scientific Meetings ◽  
Activity Location

This is the first Brazilian Consensus on inflammatory bowel disease, carried out by the Brazilian Study Group of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and discusses the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in acute and remission phases. The first part of the text, brings out a review on the main drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, as well as their mechanisms of action and cautions during their use. In the second part, the committee's opinions about the most recommended medical and surgical approaches for both diseases are presented on the basis of disease activity, location and behaviour status. The recommendations here presented were widely discussed in several scientific meetings with active participation of all members of the group and were highly based on scientific evidence covered by the literature.

Probiotics: The Scientific Evidence in the Context of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2015 ◽  
pp. 00-00 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Sbaglia Celiberto ◽  
Raquel Bedani ◽  
Elizeu Antonio Rossi ◽  
Daniela Cardoso Umbelino Cavallini
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Enhances Studies on Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihua Chen ◽  
Jun Shen
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), is an idiopathic condition related to a dysregulated immune response to commensal intestinal microflora in a genetically susceptible host. As a global disease, the morbidity of IBD reached a rate of 84.3 per 100,000 persons and reflected a continued gradual upward trajectory. The medical cost of IBD is also notably extremely high. For example, in Europe, it has €3,500 in CD and €2,000 in UC per patient per year, respectively. In addition, taking into account the work productivity loss and the reduced quality of life, the indirect costs are incalculable. In modern times, the diagnosis of IBD is still a subjective judgment based on laboratory tests and medical images. Its early diagnosis and intervention is therefore a challenging goal and also the key to control its progression. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnosis and prognosis prediction has proven effective in many fields including gastroenterology. In this study, support vector machines were utilized to distinguish the significant features in IBD. As a result, the reliability of IBD diagnosis due to its impressive performance in classifying and addressing region problems was improved. Convolutional neural networks are advanced image processing algorithms that are currently in existence. Digestive endoscopic images can therefore be better understood by automatically detecting and classifying lesions. This study aims to summarize AI application in the area of IBD, objectively evaluate the performance of these methods, and ultimately understand the algorithm–dataset combination in the studies.

scholarly journals Robust Microbiota-Based Diagnostics for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 1720-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Eck ◽  
E. F. J. de Groot ◽  
T. G. J. de Meij ◽  
M. Welling ◽  
P. H. M. Savelkoul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Noninvasive Diagnostics ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

ABSTRACT Strong evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is altered in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), indicating its potential role in noninvasive diagnostics. However, no clinical applications are currently used for routine patient care. The main obstacle to implementing a gut microbiota test for IBD is the lack of standardization, which leads to high interlaboratory variation. We studied the between-hospital and between-platform batch effects and their effects on predictive accuracy for IBD. Fecal samples from 91 pediatric IBD patients and 58 healthy children were collected. IS-pro, a standardized technique designed for routine microbiota profiling in clinical settings, was used for microbiota composition characterization. Additionally, a large synthetic data set was used to simulate various perturbations and study their effects on the accuracy of different classifiers. Perturbations were validated in two replicate data sets, one processed in another laboratory and the other with a different analysis platform. The type of perturbation determined its effect on predictive accuracy. Real-life perturbations induced by between-platform variation were significantly greater than those caused by between-laboratory variation. Random forest was found to be robust to both simulated and observed perturbations, even when these perturbations had a dramatic effect on other classifiers. It achieved high accuracy both when cross-validated within the same data set and when using data sets analyzed in different laboratories. Robust clinical predictions based on the gut microbiota can be performed even when samples are processed in different hospitals. This study contributes to the effort to develop a universal IBD test that would enable simple diagnostics and disease activity monitoring.

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