EDUKASI PEMANFAATAN BAWANG PUTIH SEBAGAI IMMUNOMODULATOR DI DESA WISATA SEMBALUN LAWANG

ABSTRAKImmunomodulator merupakan suatu senyawa yang dapat membantu sistem imun dalam mempertahankan dan melindungi tubuh dari paparan organisme. Bawang putih mampu meningkatkan aktifitas fagositosis pada limfa, rongga intra peritoneal dan nodus limfe. Mekanisme lainnya adalah dengan meningkatkan proliferasi limfosit sehingga mampu dalam mempertahankan diri dari serangan organisme asing. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat tentang manfaat bawang putih sebagai immunomodulator. Pelaksanaan pra kegiatan meliputi pemilihan kelompok sasaran, melakukan kegiatan survei survei lokasi kegiatan di Desa Wisata Sembalun Lawang, proses pembuatan leaflet leaflet dan pencetakan leaflet leaflet. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan pada hari Sabtu tanggal 13 November 2021 bertempat di Balai Desa Sembalun. Leaflet Leaflet yang telah disiapkan didistribusikan kepada peserta kegiatan. Pada tahap pasca kegiatan dilakukan evaluasi hasil dari sosialisasi edukasi bawang putih. Edukasi pemanfaatan bawang putih sebagai immunomodulator memberikan ide kreatif yang baru dalam proses pengolahan bawang putih tersebut. Hasil pengolahan dapat dijadikan produk UMKM yang memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi dengan memanfaatkan bawang putih sebagai immunomodulator ini. Kata kunci: immunomodulator; bawang putih; desa sembalun lawang ABSTRACTImmunomodulators are compounds that can help the immune system in maintaining and protecting the body from exposure to organisms. Garlic is able to increase phagocytosis activity in the lymph, intraperitoneal cavity, and lymph nodes. Another mechanism is to increase the proliferation of lymphocytes so that they are able to defend themselves from the attack of foreign organisms. This activity aims to provide education to the public about the benefits of garlic as an immunomodulator. The implementation of pre-activities includes the selection of target groups, conducting activity location survey activities in Sembalun Lawang Tourism Village, the process of making leaflets and printing leaflets. The implementation of the activity was carried out on Saturday, November 13, 2021, at Sembalun Village Hall. Leaflets that have been prepared are distributed to participants of the activity. In the post-activity stage, evaluation of the results of garlic education socialization. Education on the use of garlic as an immunomodulator provides a new creative idea in the process of processing garlic. Processing results can be used as MSME products that have high economic value by utilizing garlic as an immunomodulator. Keywords: immunomodulator; garlic; sembalun lawang village

Home and Neighborhood Physical Activity Location Availability among African American Adolescent Girls Living in Low-Income, Urban Communities: Associations with Objectively Measured Physical Activity

Based on the ecological model of active living, the neighborhood environment may relate to individual physical activity (PA) behaviors. The purposes of this study were to (1) generate a replicable neighborhood-level physical activity location availability score (PALAS) from data variables associated with physical activity among adolescents and adults, and apply this score to Baltimore City, Maryland, and (2) determine if relationships exist between PA and PA location availability. Geographic information systems (GISs) were used to create the PALAS. Using linear regression models, we examined relations between objectively measured PA among low-income, urban, predominantly African American adolescent girls (n = 555, 2009–2012 data collection), and the PALAS rating of their neighborhood environment (neighborhood PALAS) and their home neighborhood area (PALAS variables/subcomponents within 0.25 miles of the home). A PALAS map of the study area was created, illustrating neighborhoods varying in availability and variety of PA locations. After adjusting for confounders, a higher neighborhood PALAS (β = 0.10, p = 0.041) and the presence of a recreation center in the home neighborhood area (β = 0.46, p = 0.011) were associated with more minutes per day spent in moderate to vigorous PA. Policy makers and stakeholders should consider increasing access to PA locations as a strategy to promote PA among adolescent girls.

A new perspective from time use research on the effects of social restrictions on COVID-19 behavioral infection risk

We present findings from three waves of a population-representative, UK time-use diary survey conducted both pre- and in real time during full ‘lockdown’, and again following the easing of social restrictions. We used an innovative online diary instrument that has proved both reliable and quick-to-field. Combining diary information on activity, location, and co-presence to estimate infection risks associated with daily behavior, we show clear changes in risk-associated behavior between the pre, full-lockdown and post full-lockdown periods. We document a shift from more to less risky daily behavior patterns (combinations of activity/location/co-presence categories) between the pre-pandemic pattern and full lockdown in May/June 2020, followed by a reversion (although not a complete reversal) of those patterns in August 2020 following the end of the first lockdown. Because, in general, a populations’ time use changes relatively slowly, the behavioral changes revealed may be interpreted as a consequence of the UK COVID-19 lockdown social restrictions and their subsequent relaxation.

Differential expression of P63, P27, P57, Ki-67, and CD146 in hydropic and molar pregnancies

Objective: In this study, we investigated expressions of immunohistochemical markers P63, P27, P57, Ki-67, and CD146, in hydropic and molar specimens, to explore their role in pathogenesis of molar gestations. Design and Setting: Retrospective study. Methods: We enrolled 37 patients with a definitive pathologic diagnosis of HA (n = 10), PHM (n = 17), and CHM (n = 10). We scored immunoreactivity using antibodies against P63, P27, P57, Ki-67, and CD146 by evaluating the percentage of distinctly stained cells. Results.Compared to PHM and HA patients, CHM patients had severe cytologic atypia in CD146-positive extravillous trophoblastic column (TC) and florid syncytiotrophoblast (ST) proliferation. P57 immunostaining was negative in all but one of the CHM patients, whereas all HA and PHM patients showed positive immunostaining. PHM and HA patients also showed P63 and Ki-67 overexpression in cytotrophoblasts (CTs) compared to CHM patients. P27 was expressed in differentiated, nondividing syncytiotrophoblasts but did not yield any diagnostic aid. Conclusion: The proliferative activity location varied between molar and nonmolar pregnancies. PHM and HA patients have more progenitor cells, which express the highest levels of P63 compared to CHM patients. The loss of endogenous P63 expression in CHM cases may result in up-regulated genes, associated with invasion and metastasis, predisposing the body to a loss of epithelial and acquisition of mesenchymal characteristics.P63 deficiency, like P57 deficiency, induces exaggerated proliferation and differentiation and could be used as an ancillary diagnostic tool for CHM diagnosis. Keyword: Hydatidiform mole, hydropic abortion, p63, p27, p57, Ki-67, CD146. Continuous...

A new perspective from time use research on the effects of lockdown on COVID-19 behavioral infection risk

We present findings from the first two waves of an innovative, population-representative, UK time-use diary survey conducted both pre- and mid-lockdown, using an online diary instrument that proved both reliable and quick-to-field. Combining diary information on activity, location, and co-presence to estimate infection risks associated with daily behavior, we show clear changes in such behavior related to infection risk between the pre and mid-lockdown periods: a substantial reduction of time spent in those behaviors with the highest levels of risk, accompanied by an equivalent increase in low-risk behavior. Because, in general, a populations’ time use changes relatively slowly, the behavioral changes revealed may be interpreted directly as a consequence of the UK COVID-19 ‘lockdown’ regulations. Subsequent waves will reveal the behavioral consequences of future changes in regulation

Pets without PETs: on pet owners’ under-estimation of privacy concerns in pet wearables

We report on a mixed-method, comparative study investigating whether there is a difference between privacy concerns expressed about pet wearables as opposed to human wearables – and more importantly, why. We extracted the privacy concerns found in product reviews (N=8,038) of pet wearables (activity, location, and dual-function trackers), contrasting the (lack of) concerns and misuse to a curated set of reviews for similar human-oriented wearables (N=20,431). Our findings indicate that, while overall very few privacy concerns are expressed in product reviews, for pet wearables they are expressed even less, even though consumers use these devices in a manner which impacts both personal and bystander privacy. An additional survey of pet owners (N=201) eliciting what factors would cause them to not purchase (or stop using) pet wearables indicated comparably few privacy concerns, strengthening the representativeness of our findings. A thematic analysis reveals that the lack of privacy concerns may be explained by, among other factors, emotional drivers to purchase the device, and prioritization of (desired) functionality to support those emotional drivers over privacy requirements. Moreover, we found that pet wearables are used in different ways than originally intended, which raise novel privacy implications to be dealt with. We propose that in order to move towards more privacy-conscious use of pet wearables, a combination of understanding consumer rationale and behavior as well as ensuring data protection legislation is adequate to real-world use is needed.

Pengembangan Budidaya Lebah Kelulut Di Desa Batu Tanam, Sambung Makmur, Kabupaten Banjar, Kalimantan Selatan

The aim of this community service in Batu Tanam village was to develop stingless beekeeping that was started in 2016 to be the village main program. The program was the socialization of the potential of stingless beekeeping, planting of the several types of flowers in the activity location, and the additional number of bee boxes managed by villagers. From this activity, the community has recognized the potential of stingless beekeeping and Batu Tanam village will make this program be the main program in village innovation activities.

DISTANCE FROM APARTMENT TO ACTIVITY AS A BARRIER TO PARTICIPATION IN GROUP ACTIVITIES FOR ASSISTED LIVING RESIDENTS

Participating in group activities is potentially also beneficial for residents of assisted living facilities, who have decreased independence due to physical or cognitive limitations. However, their impaired abilities can make attending group activities difficult. One potential barrier is the physical distance from residents’ apartments to the activity location. This study analyzed resident (N=30) attendance at group activities in an assisted living facility. Attendance records for 822 group activities over the course of six months and the distance between residents’ apartments and activity location were analyzed. Exponential random graph models were used to estimate the effect of individual-level, activity-level, and social network factors on the likelihood that a resident attends an activity. On average, residents attended 128 events (SD = 151) during the six month study period. The average size of activities was 4.6 residents (SD = 2.9). The closest distance between a resident’s apartment and an activity was 7.7 feet; however, some residents had to travel up to 382 feet to attend an activity (M=153 ft.; SD=52). After controlling for individual-, activity-, and social network-level factors, distance to the activity was significantly and negatively associated with the likelihood a resident attended the activity. In spite of the fact that assisted living facilities offer supports and services to help residents overcome their physical limitations, it appears that distances within the building can be barriers to participation in group activities. This should be taken into account in designing facilities, locating group activities, and devising strategies to increase participation in group activities.