scholarly journals Dosing Accuracy of Oral Extemporaneous Suspensions of Antibiotics: Measuring Procedures and Administration Devices

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
Inês Neves ◽  
Maria D. Auxtero
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Reference Dose ◽  
Dosing Accuracy

Extemporaneous suspensions are often marketed with several administration devices that can be freely used by patients/caregivers. The homogeneity of suspensions requires shaking before use. Hence, it is crucial to assess the precision of all devices and the users’ awareness of the shaking procedure. This study was conducted at University Institute Egas Moniz with 40 pharmacy students who were asked to measure 2.5 and 5 mL of two extemporaneous azithromycin suspensions. Formulation A is marketed with a double-dosing spoon and oral syringe, whereas B includes a transparent dosing spoon. Both have a reconstitution cup. The user’s preference for administration devices, the degree of compliance with the ‘shake before use’ instruction and the accuracy of the manipulation were assessed. The double-dosing spoon was the preferred device. The “shake before use” instruction was overlooked by most volunteers. The average measured volumes obtained with the double-dosing spoon were significantly different from the ones obtained with the oral syringe (p < 0.001) and significantly lower than the reference dose (p < 0.001). The oral syringe originates significantly higher values than the reference dose (p < 0.001). The dosing spoons values were significantly different from each other (p < 0.001). Liquid medicines containing several administration devices may be a challenge since they are nonequivalent.

Reducing Stigma about Mental Illness in Pharmacy Students

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. H. Szeto ◽  
Aliya Kassam ◽  
Geeta Modgill ◽  
Leslie Phillips ◽  
Alfred Remillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Pharmacy Students

A Large Scale Interprofessional Simulation Experience for Medical, Nursing, and Pharmacy Students

MedEdPORTAL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Zheng ◽  
Karen Macauley ◽  
Jennifer Namba ◽  
Susie Hutchins ◽  
Kathleen Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pharmacy Students

DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACY STUDENTS' FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS IN THE CONTEXT OF CHANGING QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR A SPECIALIST

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Gukina ◽  
L. V. Lichnaya
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Communicative Skills ◽  
The Face

The article concerns the approaches to creating learning environment and methods of teaching to develop foreign language communicative skills in pharmacists in the face of changing qualification requirements for a specialist.

Inter-rater Reliability of Preceptors on Clinical Pharmacy Competency Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dixon Thomas ◽  
Sherief Khalifa ◽  
Jayadevan Sreedharan ◽  
Rucha Bond
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Clinical Pharmacy ◽  
Clinical Competence ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Competency Evaluation

Background:: Clinical competence of pharmacy students is better evaluated at their practice sites. compared to the classroom. A clinical pharmacy competency evaluation rubric like that of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP)is an effective assessment tool for clinical skills and can be used to show item reliability. The preceptors should be trained on how to use the rubrics as many inherent factors could influence inter-rater reliability. Objective:: To evaluate inter-rater reliability among preceptors on evaluating clinical competence of pharmacy students, before and after a group discussion intervention. Methods:: In this quasi experimental study in a United Arab Emirates teaching hospital, Seven clinical pharmacy preceptors rated clinical pharmacy competencies of ten recent PharmD graduates referring to their portfolios and preceptorship. Clinical pharmacy competencies were adopted from ACCP and mildly modified to be relevant for the local settings. Results:: Inter-rater reliability (Cronbach's Alpha) among preceptors was reasonable being practitioners at a single site for 2-4 years. At domain level, inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.79 - 0.93 before intervention and 0.94 - 0.99 after intervention. No inter-rater reliability was observed in relation to certain competency elements ranging from 0.31 – 0.61 before intervention, but improved to 0.79 – 0.97 after intervention. Intra-class correlation coefficient improved among all individual preceptors being reliable with each other after group discussion though some had no reliability with each other before group discussion. Conclusion:: Group discussion among preceptors at the training site was found to be effective in improving inter-rater reliability on all elements of the clinical pharmacy competency evaluation. Removing a preceptor from analysis did not affect inter-rater reliability after group discussion.

Understanding and promoting students’ well-being and performance in university studies – effects of a 7-week Acceptance and Commitment Therapy based course (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henna Asikainen ◽  
Nina Katajavuori ◽  
Kirsikka Kaipainen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
University Students ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Reflective Journal ◽  
Reflective Journals ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
And Performance

BACKGROUND Internationally there have been many studies showing that the number of university students suffering from mental illness is growing and this problem should be addressed OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine 41 pharmacy students’ experiences of a small Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) -based intervention that was implemented as a 7-week course with weekly online modules. METHODS Students’ well-being, experiences of stress, organised studying and psychological flexibility were measured with questionnaires at the beginning and end of the course. Students’ experiences of the effectiveness of the course and were analysed from open-ended responses and a reflective journal. RESULTS The results show that students’ well-being and ability to manage time and effort increased during the course(p≤0.003). In their reflective journals, students described how their ability to manage stress in their studies, cope with their thoughts and feelings, focus on the things that are more important to them, and manage their time in studying and their well-being had improved. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that it is possible to foster students’ well-being in their studies. More research is needed to identify the long-lasting effects of these kind of interventions.

International pharmacy students’ transition to Nottingham: Semi-structured interviews (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yicong Liu
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Teaching Style ◽  
Cultural Adjustment ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
International Pharmacy ◽  
The Uk

BACKGROUND The transition from China to the UK can be challenging, and there is increasing concern among academics since cross-cultural learning and living may be a challenge for these students. OBJECTIVE To find out international pharmacy students’ worries and challenges as well as benefits on the transition experience from China to the UK. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were used to explore this group of students’ transition experiences. Selective transcription was done because of time limitations in the project. RESULTS The natural and cultural environment was the most pleasant experience for Tianjin students during this transition process. Cross-cultural adjustment and self-adaptability, as well as their autonomous learning ability were the main barriers for international students. CONCLUSIONS The difference between Asian and Western culture caused barriers for international students to fit into a new environment. In terms of integrating into local students, insufficient English language skills, culture shock and personality could be the influence factors. Moreover, the different teaching style and learning style could be the possible reasons for students having difficulty in an independent study. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

Locus of Control Dimensions among Senior Pharmacy Students Electing Post-Pharm. D. Residencies

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Dick R. Gourley ◽  
David E. Kapel ◽  
John W. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
External Control ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Clinical Faculty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Faculty Groups ◽  
Faculty Group

The locus of control dimensions among senior Pharm.D. students electing post-Pharm.D. residencies (N=15) are compared with first (N = 60) and second year (N = 55) Pharm.D. students, as well as with senior Pharm.D. students not electing residencies (N=14). Volunteer clinical faculty [hospital (N=27) and community (N = 23) pharmacy preceptors] and full-time clinical faculty (N = 22) are also compared. The Reid-Ware three-factor internal-external scale was completed by the study population. The dimensions measured were: self-control, social systems control, and fatalism. This study was undertaken to: 1. compare the locus of control dimensions among senior pharmacy students electing post-Pharm.D. residencies with senior pharmacy students not electing post-Pharm.D. residencies (and with other pharmacy students) and 2. compare the locus of control dimensions among senior pharmacy students electing and not electing post-Pharm. D. residencies (and with other pharmacy students) with their clinical, hospital, and community faculty to identify personality congruence (i.e., similarities, differences) which might facilitate the development of patient oriented-interactive behaviors necessary for clinical practice. Self-control (SC) was the major factor that generated the significant difference in the seven groups. The clinical (full-time) faculty group is significantly different from the student groups with the exception of the P-3, residency students. Over 50 percent of the P-3 residency group responded more like the faculty groups than like other students, with more P-3 residency students responding like clinical faculty than any other student or faculty group. The implication is that a similar personality profile exists in terms of internal/external control for the P-3 residency and full-time clinical faculty groups. Professors may have influenced, stimulated, or motivated those students most like themselves to enter a residency program. Based on the data, it would appear desirable to profile pharmacy students and give those who have a strong internal self-control factor encouragement to pursue post-graduate academic or residency programs and to retain as many of those individuals as possible in the areas of pharmacy that directly influence patient care and the pharmacist's role on the health care team.

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