Passivation Effect of CsPbI3 Quantum Dots on the Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

The quality of active layer film is the key factor affecting the performance of perovskite solar cells. In this work, we incorporated CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) materials into the MAPbI3 perovskite precursor to form photoactive layer. On one hand, CsPbI3 QDs can be used as nucleation center to enhance the compactness of the perovskite film, and on the other hand, partially CsPbI3 QDs can be dissociated as anions and cations to passivate vacancy defects in the perovskite active layer. As a result, the film quality of the active layer was improved remarkably, thus exciton recombination was reduced, and carrier transfer increased accordingly. The devices based on doped-CsPbI3 QDs film had higher short circuit current, open circuit voltage and filling factor. Finally, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was greatly enhanced from 14.85% to 17.04%. Furthermore, optimized devices also exhibited better stability. This work provides an effective strategy for the processing of high-quality perovskite films, which is of great value for the preparation and research of perovskite photoelectronic devices.

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Optical Simulation and Investigation of the Effect of Hysteresis on the Perovskite Solar Cells

NANO ◽

10.1142/s1793292019501273 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 1950127 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Farhad Jahantigh ◽

S. M. Bagher Ghorashi

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Hole Transport ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Hole Transport Layer

Perovskite solar cells have recently been considered to be an auspicious candidate for the advancement of future photovoltaic research. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 22% has been reported to be reached, which can be obtained through an inexpensive and high-throughput solution process. Modeling and simulation of these cells can provide deep insights into their fundamental mechanism of performance. In this paper, two different perovskite solar cells are designed by using COMSOL Multiphysics to optimize the thickness of each layer and the overall thickness of the cell. Electric potential, electron and hole concentrations, generation rate, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and the output power were calculated. Finally, PCEs of 20.7% and 26.1% were predicted. Afterwards, according to the simulation results, the role of the hole transport layer (HTL) was investigated and the optimum thickness of the perovskite was measured to be 200[Formula: see text]nm for both cells. Therefore, the spin coating settings are selected so that a coating with this thickness for cell 1 is deposited. In order to compare the performance of HTM layer, solar cells with a Spiro-OMeTAD HTM and without the HTM layer in their structure were fabricated. According to the obtained photovoltaic properties, the solar cell made with Spiro-OMeTAD has a more favorable open-circuit voltage ([Formula: see text]), short-circuit current density ([Formula: see text]), fill factor (FF) and PCE compared to the cell without the HTM layer. Also, hysteresis depends strongly on the perovskite grain size, because large average grain size will lead to an increase in the grain’s contact surface area and a decrease in the density of grain boundaries. Finally, according to the results, it was concluded that, in the presence of a hole transport layer, ion transfer was better and ion accumulation was less intense, and therefore, the hysteresis decreases.

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Iodide management in formamidinium-lead-halide–based perovskite layers for efficient solar cells

Science ◽

10.1126/science.aan2301 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 356 (6345) ◽

pp. 1376-1379 ◽

Cited By ~ 3378

Author(s):

Woon Seok Yang ◽

Byung-Wook Park ◽

Eui Hyuk Jung ◽

Nam Joong Jeon ◽

Young Chan Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

High Performance ◽

Deep Level ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Short Circuit Current Density ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Small Cells ◽

Iodide Ions

The formation of a dense and uniform thin layer on the substrates is crucial for the fabrication of high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) containing formamidinium with multiple cations and mixed halide anions. The concentration of defect states, which reduce a cell’s performance by decreasing the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density, needs to be as low as possible. We show that the introduction of additional iodide ions into the organic cation solution, which are used to form the perovskite layers through an intramolecular exchanging process, decreases the concentration of deep-level defects. The defect-engineered thin perovskite layers enable the fabrication of PSCs with a certified power conversion efficiency of 22.1% in small cells and 19.7% in 1-square-centimeter cells.

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Fabrication of Hybrid Polymer Solar Cells By Inverted Structure Based on P3HT:PCBM Active Layer

Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi ◽

10.14203/jet.v17.13-18 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Shobih Shobih ◽

Rizky Abdillah ◽

Erlyta Septa Rosa

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Active Layer ◽

Bulk Heterojunction ◽

Polymer Solar Cells ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Short Circuit Current Density ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Hybrid Polymer

Hybrid polymer solar cell has privilege than its conventional structure, where it usually has structure of (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Active Layer/Al). In humid environment the PEDOT:PSS will absorb water and hence can easily etch the ITO. Therefore it is necessary to use an alternative method to avoid this drawback and obtain more stable polymer solar cells, namely by using hybrid polymer solar cells structure with an inverted device architecture from the conventional, by reversing the nature of charge collection. In this paper we report the results of the fabrication of inverted bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells based on P3HT:PCBM as active layer, utilizing ZnO interlayer as buffer layer between the ITO and active layer with a stacked structure of ITO/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Ag. The ZnO interlayer is formed through short route, i.e. by dissolving ZnO nanoparticles powder in chloroform-methanol solvent blend rather than by sol-gel process. Based on the measurement results on electrical characteristics of inverted polymer solar cells under 500 W/m2 illumination and AM 1.5 direct filter at room temperature, cell with annealing process of active layer at 110 °C for 10 minutes results in higher cell performance than without annealing, with an open-circuit voltage of 0.21 volt, a short-circuit current density of 1.33 mA/cm2 , a fill factor of 43.1%, and a power conversion efficiency of 0.22%. The low cell’s performance is caused by very rough surface of ZnO interlayer.

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Optical Property and Photoelectrical Performance of a Low-bandgap Conducting Polymer Incorporated with Quantum Dots Used for Organic Solar Cells

Communications in Physics ◽

10.15625/0868-3166/25/2/6200 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Tran Thi Thao ◽

Vu Thi Hai ◽

Nguyen Nang Dinh ◽

Le Dinh Trong

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Organic Solar Cells ◽

Fill Factor ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Short Circuit Current Density ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Low Bandgap ◽

A Value

By using spin-coating technique, a low bandgap conjugated polymer, poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopen-ta[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) and its composite thin films have been prepared. The optical absorption and photoconductive properties with over a wide spectral range, from 350 to 950 nm, were characterized. The obtained results showed that PCPDTBT:10 wt% CdSe composite is the most suitable for efficient light-harvesting in polymer-based photovoltaic cells. The photoelectrical conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device with a multilayer structure of ITO/PEDOT/ PCPDTBT:CdSe /LiF/Al reached a value as large as 1.34% with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) = 0.57 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) = 4.29 mA/cm2, and a fill factor (FF) = 0.27. This suggests a useful application in further fabrication of quantum dots/polymers based solar cells.

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Nanoscale Phase Separation in Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on PTB7:PC70BM:IC70BA

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2021.19493 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 5749-5755

Author(s):

Chang Li ◽

Wei Li ◽

Xiaoxiang Sun ◽

Jifei Wang ◽

Jiayou Tao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Phase Separation ◽

Active Layer ◽

Organic Solar Cells ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Hole Transport ◽

Fullerene Derivative

As a fullerene derivative, IC70BA is widely used in the ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs) to increase the open circuit voltage (Voc) of the devices. Unfortunately, most of the literature shows that IC70BA will lead to a reduction in the short-circuit current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF). In this work, IC70BA is added to the PTB7:PC70BM binary system to form the ternary system, which is composed of one donor and two fullerene acceptors. Surprisingly, the addition of IC70BA does not immediately lead to a decrease in Jsc and FF. In fact, the appropriate weight ratio of IC70BA in fullerenes can simultaneously increase the Voc, Jsc, and FF of the TOSCs. The synergistic optimization of the surface and bulk morphology of the ternary active layer suppresses the attenuation of Jsc and FF. The smooth surface and suitable phase separation size effectively guarantee the separation, transport and extraction of the charge. Moreover, the addition of IC70BA can significantly improve the hole transport capacity of the active layer, and the optimal hole mobility is 5.13 – 10”4 cm2V–1S–1. Finally, the TOSCs with 10% weight ratio of IC70BA gives the optimal PCE of 9.24% and ideality factor of 2.3.

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Fabrication and Characterization of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells Added with Polysilanes

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/2018/8654963 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Takeo Oku ◽

Junya Nomura ◽

Atsushi Suzuki ◽

Hiroki Tanaka ◽

Sakiko Fukunishi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Short Circuit Current Density ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Interfacial Structure ◽

Perovskite Layer ◽

Photovoltaic Properties ◽

Coating Method

Effects of polysilane additions on CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells were investigated. Photovoltaic cells were fabricated by a spin-coating method using perovskite precursor solutions with polymethyl phenylsilane, polyphenylsilane, or decaphenyl cyclopentasilane (DPPS), and the microstructures were examined by X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy. Open-circuit voltages were increased by introducing these polysilanes, and short-circuit current density was increased by the DPPS addition, which resulted in the improvement of the photoconversion efficiencies to 10.46%. The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiencies were also increased in the range of 400~750 nm. Microstructure analysis indicated the formation of a dense interfacial structure by grain growth and increase of surface coverage of the perovskite layer with DPPS, and the formation of PbI2 was suppressed, leading to the improvement of photovoltaic properties.

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In Situ Cadmium Suflide Synthesis in Polymer Thin Film for Solar Cells Application

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.625 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1107 ◽

pp. 625-630

Author(s):

Fatin Hana Naning ◽

S. Malik ◽

Zanuldin Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Active Layer ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Short Circuit Current Density ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Polymer Thin Film ◽

Regioregular Poly

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) were synthesised directly in the active layer of solar cell by mixing regioregular poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) or P3HT with stearic acid, and exposed to hydrogen sulfide gas. The exposure times to hydrogen sulfide gas were varied and the isotherm of P3HT:Stearic acid obtained show that the presence of cadmium ions in the subphase changes the gas-liquid-solid transformation profile. UV-Vis-NIR results indicated that exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas created CdS particles resulting in wider absorption spectra. The exposed P3HT:SA active layer exhibit high resistance that affects short circuit current density and open circuit voltage of the solar cells device. Keywords: CdS, P3HT, Thin Film, Angle Lifting Deposition, Solar Cells

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Improving the Morphology of the Perovskite Absorber Layer in Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Halide Perovskite MAPbI3 Solar Cells

Journal of Solar Energy ◽

10.1155/2017/8549847 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I. J. Ogundana ◽

S. Y. Foo

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Solar Cells ◽

High Performance ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Photovoltaic Performance ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Perovskite Layer ◽

Large Variability

Recently, perovskite solar cells have attracted tremendous attention due to their excellent power conversion efficiency, low cost, simple fabrications, and high photovoltaic performance. Furthermore, the perovskite solar cells are lightweight and possess thin film and semitransparency. However, the nonuniformity in perovskite layer constitutes a major setback to the operation mechanism, performance, reproducibility, and degradation of perovskite solar cells. Therefore, one of the main challenges in planar perovskite devices is the fabrication of high quality films with controlled morphology and least amount of pin-holes for high performance thin film perovskite devices. The poor reproducibility in perovskite solar cells hinders the accurate fabrication of practical devices for use in real world applications, and this is primarily as a result of the inability to control the morphology of perovskites, leading to large variability in the characteristics of perovskite solar cells. Hence, the focus of research in perovskites has been mostly geared towards improving the morphology and crystallization of perovskite absorber by selecting the optimal annealing condition considering the effect of humidity. Here we report a controlled ambient condition that is necessary to grow uniform perovskite crystals. A best PCE of 7.5% was achieved along with a short-circuit current density of 15.2 mA/cm2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.81 V, and a fill factor of 0.612 from the perovskite solar cell prepared under 60% relative humidity.

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PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF P3HT-PCBM ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS

International Journal of Electronics and Electical Engineering ◽

10.47893/ijeee.2013.1060 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 23-25

Author(s):

ANUBHAV GUPTA ◽

PRAVEEN S ◽

ABHISHEK KUMAR ◽

PRIYANKA SHREE ◽

SUCHANA MISHRA

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Solar Cell ◽

Active Layer ◽

Organic Solar Cells ◽

Silicon Solar Cell ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Glass Substrates

Organic solar cells using P3HT: PCBM as an active layer on ITO coated glass substrates were fabricated and characterized. Different air annealing procedures and cathode materials were tried and the characteristics were compared with that of a standard thin film polycrystalline silicon solar cell. It was found that the sample prepared with post-deposition air annealing at 130 oC improves the open circuit voltage (Voc) considerably. Besides, short circuit current (Isc) and the efficiency (η) were highest for the sample with a non annealed active layer. Series resistance (Rs) for this sample was lowest, but 103 times higher than that of the silicon solar cell, which in turn may have reduced the efficiency value for the organic cell compared to silicon.

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Enhanced Efficiency of Halide Perovskite Solar Cells by Solvent Engineering

Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics ◽

10.1166/jno.2020.2717 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 243-249

Author(s):

Xibin Liu ◽

Jiayou Tao ◽

Gaohua Liao ◽

Zhijun Zou ◽

Fen Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Surface Composition ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Polar Molecules ◽

High Quality ◽

Solvent Engineering ◽

Temperature Solution

During the process of the low-temperature solution fabrication, it always leads to high defects density at the grain boundaries and the interfaces, which are great barriers toward excellent solar cells. Different polar molecules of solvents are brought in to modify the surface composition by tuning the nucleation densities to obtain perovskite films with high crystallization quality. In this work, with efficiently exchanging intramolecular mechanism, high-quality MAPbI3-based perovskite films had been conveniently fabricated. Two kinds of polar molecules of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) were added to the dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent to result in perovskite films with high quality. As a result, the device with NMP solvent treatment outputs improved efficiency of 18.5% at the short-circuit current (Jsc) of 23.3 mA cm–2, with an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.075 V and a fill factor of 77.1% under standard AM 1.5 solar illumination. This method of solvent engineering might provide a convenient way for the application of perovskite-based photovoltaic devices.

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