scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Wheat Seedlings to Soil Waterlogging Applied after Treatment with Selective Herbicide

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1195
Author(s):  
Zornitsa Katerova ◽  
Iskren Sergiev ◽  
Dessislava Todorova ◽  
Elena Shopova ◽  
Ljudmila Dimitrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Selective Herbicide

Waterlogging impairs crop development and considerably affects plant productivity worldwide. Wheat is sensitive to waterlogging. Serrate® (Syngenta) is a selective herbicide controlling annual grass and broadleaf weeds for use in wheat. To extend the existing information about the physiological effects of selective herbicides (Serrate® in particular) and subsequent waterlogging in wheat, we monitored phenotype alterations and examined key enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems together with typical oxidative stress biomarkers. Seventeen-day-old wheat (Triticum asetivum L., cv. Sadovo-1) plants were sprayed with Serrate®; 72 h later, waterlogging was applied for 7 days, and then seedlings were left to recover for 96 h. The herbicide did not alter plant phenotype and increased antioxidant defense, along with H2O2 content, confirming the wheat’s tolerance to Serrate®. Evident yellowing and wilting of the leaves were observed at 96 h of recovery in waterlogged wheat, which were stronger in plants subjected to Serrate® + waterlogging. Waterlogging alone and herbicide + waterlogging gradually enhanced the content of stress markers (malondialdehyde, proline, and H2O2), non-enzymatic antioxidants (low-molecular thiols and total phenolics), and the activity of superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. The effects of herbicide + waterlogging were stronger than those of waterlogging alone even during recovery, suggesting that Serrate® interacted synergistically with the subsequently applied flooding.

scholarly journals Seed Treatment with Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 Promotes Wheat Seedling Growth under NaCl Stress Through Activating the Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidant Defense Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuwu Zhang ◽  
Bingliang Xu ◽  
Yantai Gan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Different Levels

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting crop growth and productivity worldwide. Species of Trichoderma are widely recognized for their bio-control abilities, but little information is regarding to the ability and mechanisms of their promoting plant growth and enhancing plant tolerance to different levels of salt stress. Hence, we determined (i) the role of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 (TL-6) in promoting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination and seedling growth under different levels of salt stress, and (ii) the mechanisms responsible for the enhanced tolerance of wheat to salt stress by TL-6. Wheat seeds treated with or without TL-6 were grown under different levels of salt stress in controlled environmental conditions. As such, the TL-6 treatments promoted seed germination and increased the shoot and root weights of wheat seedlings under both non-stress and salt-stress conditions. Wheat seedlings with TL-6 treatments under different levels of NaCl stress increased proline content by an average of 11%, ascorbate 15%, and glutathione 28%; and decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) by an average of 19% and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 13%. The TL-6 treatments induced the transcriptional level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, leading to the increases of glutathione s-transferase (GST) by an average of 17%, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 16%, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) 17%, glutathione reductase (GR) 18%, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) 5%. Our results indicate that the beneficial strain of TL-6 effectively scavenged ROS under NaCl stress through modulating the activity of ROS scavenging enzymes, regulating the transcriptional levels of ROS scavenging enzyme gene expression, and enhancing the nonenzymatic antioxidants in wheat seedling in response to salt stress. Our present study provides a new insight into the mechanisms of TL-6 can activate the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems and enhance wheat seedling tolerance to different levels of salt stress at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizas Regulate Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidant Defense Systems to Mediate Salt Tolerance in Maize

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1430
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Liyan Liang ◽  
Baoxing Liu ◽  
Di Huang ◽  
Shuo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

Salt stress inhibits photosynthetic process and triggers excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study examined the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association in regulating photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant activity in leaves of two maize genotypes (salt-tolerant JD52 and salt-sensitive FSY1) exposed to salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in soils for 21 days. The leaf water content, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic capacity in non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants were decreased by salt stress, especially in FSY1, with less reduction in AM plants than NM plants. Salinity increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)) in both genotypes regardless of AM inoculation, but decreased the contents of non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AsA)), especially in FSY1, with less decrease in AM plants than NM plants. The AM plants, especially JD52, maintained higher photosynthetic capacity, CO2 fixation efficiency, and ability to preserve membrane integrity than NM plants under salt stress, as also indicated by the higher antioxidant contents and lower malondialdehyde (MDA)/electrolyte leakage in leaves. To conclude, the higher salt tolerance in AM plants correlates with the alleviation of salinity-induced oxidative stress and membrane damage, and the better performance of photosynthesis could have also contributed to this effect through reduced ROS formation. The greater improvements in photosynthetic processes and antioxidant defense systems by AM fungi in FSY1 than JD52 under salinity demonstrate genotypic variation in antioxidant defenses for mycorrhizal amelioration of salt stress.

Antioxidant Defense Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-143
Author(s):  
Carmen Cecilia Espíndola Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

scholarly journals Exogenous Tebuconazole and Trifloxystrobin Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism Toward Mitigating Salt-Induced Damages in Cucumber Seedling

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohsin ◽  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
M. Bhuyan ◽  
Khursheda Parvin ◽  
Masayuki Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

The present study investigated the role of tebuconazole (TEB) and trifloxystrobin (TRI) on cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Tokiwa) under salt stress (60 mM NaCl). The cucumber plants were grown semi-hydroponically in a glasshouse. Plants were exposed to two different doses of fungicides (1.375 µM TEB + 0.5 µM TRI and 2.75 µM TEB + 1.0 µM TRI) solely and in combination with NaCl (60 mM) for six days. The application of salt phenotypically deteriorated the cucumber plant growth that caused yellowing of the whole plant and significantly destructed the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids. The oxidative damage was created under salinity by increasing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and electrolytic leakage (EL) resulting in the disruption of the antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, in the leaves, stems, and roots of cucumber plants increased Na+ content was observed under salt stress, whereas the K+/Na+ ratio and contents of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ decreased. In contrast, the exogenous application of TEB and TRI reduced the contents of MDA, H2O2, and EL by improving the activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. In addition, ion homeostasis was regulated by reducing Na+ uptake and enhanced K+ accumulation and the K+/Na+ ratio after application of TEB and TRI. Therefore, this study indicates that the exogenous application of TEB and TRI enhanced salt tolerance in cucumber plants by regulating reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defense systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document