scholarly journals Immune Priming Triggers Cell Wall Remodeling and Increased Resistance to Halo Blight Disease in Common Bean

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1514
Author(s):  
Alfonso Gonzalo De la Rubia ◽  
Hugo Mélida ◽  
María Luz Centeno ◽  
Antonio Encina ◽  
Penélope García-Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Cell Wall Remodeling ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Shed Light

The cell wall (CW) is a dynamic structure extensively remodeled during plant growth and under stress conditions, however little is known about its roles during the immune system priming, especially in crops. In order to shed light on such a process, we used the Phaseolus vulgaris-Pseudomonas syringae (Pph) pathosystem and the immune priming capacity of 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA). In the first instance we confirmed that INA-pretreated plants were more resistant to Pph, which was in line with the enhanced production of H2O2 of the primed plants after elicitation with the peptide flg22. Thereafter, CWs from plants subjected to the different treatments (non- or Pph-inoculated on non- or INA-pretreated plants) were isolated to study their composition and properties. As a result, the Pph inoculation modified the bean CW to some extent, mostly the pectic component, but the CW was as vulnerable to enzymatic hydrolysis as in the case of non-inoculated plants. By contrast, the INA priming triggered a pronounced CW remodeling, both on the cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides, and CW proteins, which resulted in a CW that was more resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. In conclusion, the increased bean resistance against Pph produced by INA priming can be explained, at least partially, by a drastic CW remodeling.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of the Gene Coding for the Amidinotransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Phaseolotoxin in Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Hernández-Guzmán ◽  
Ariel Alvarez-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Blight Disease

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola is the causal agent of the “halo blight” disease of beans. A key component in the development of the disease is a nonhost-specific toxin, Nδ-(N'-sulphodiaminophosphinyl)-ornithyl-alanyl-homoarginine, known as phaseolotoxin. The homoarginine residue in this molecule has been suggested to be the product of Larginine:lysine amidinotransferase activity, previously detected in extracts of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola grown under conditions of phaseolotoxin production. We report the isolation and characterization of an amidinotransferase gene (amtA) from P. syringae pv. phaseolicola coding for a polypeptide of 362 residues (41.36 kDa) and showing approximately 40% sequence similarity to Larginine:inosamine-phosphate amidinotransferase from three species of Streptomyces spp. and 50.4% with an Larginine:glycine amidinotransferase from human mitochondria. The cysteine, histidine, and aspartic acid residues involved in substrate binding are conserved. Furthermore, expression of the amtA and argK genes and phaseolotoxin production occurs at 18°C but not at 28°C. An amidinotransferase insertion mutant was obtained that lost the capacity to synthesize homoarginine and phaseolotoxin. These results show that the amtA gene isolated is responsible for the amidinotransferase activity detected previously and that phaseolotoxin production depends upon the activity of this gene.

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of the Gene Cluster from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121 Involved in Synthesis of Phaseolotoxin

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (7) ◽  
pp. 2834-2843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selene Aguilera ◽  
Karina López-López ◽  
Yudith Nieto ◽  
Rogelio Garcidueñas-Piña ◽  
Gustavo Hernández-Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Transcriptional Pattern ◽  
Blight Disease

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola is the causal agent of halo blight disease of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), which is characterized by water-soaked lesions surrounded by a chlorotic halo resulting from the action of a non-host-specific toxin known as phaseolotoxin. This phytotoxin inhibits the enzyme ornithine carbamoyltransferase involved in arginine biosynthesis. Different evidence suggested that genes involved in phaseolotoxin production were clustered. Two genes had been previously identified in our laboratory within this cluster: argK, which is involved in the immunity of the bacterium to its own toxin, and amtA, which is involved in the synthesis of homoarginine. We sequenced the region around argK and amtA in P. syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121 to determine the limits of the putative phaseolotoxin gene cluster and to determine the transcriptional pattern of the genes comprising it. We report that the phaseolotoxin cluster (Pht cluster) is composed of 23 genes and is flanked by insertion sequences and transposases. The mutation of 14 of the genes within the cluster lead to a Tox− phenotype for 11 of them, while three mutants exhibited low levels of toxin production. The analysis of fusions of selected DNA fragments to uidA, Northern probing, and reverse transcription-PCR indicate the presence of five transcriptional units, two monocistronic and three polycistronic; one is internal to a larger operon. The site for transcription initiation has been determined for each promoter, and the putative promoter regions were identified. Preliminary results also indicate that the gene product of phtL is involved in the regulation of the synthesis of phaseolotoxin.

scholarly journals Using Plant-Based Preparations to Protect Common Bean against Halo Blight Disease: The Potential of Nettle to Trigger the Immune System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Alfonso Gonzalo De la Rubia ◽  
María De Castro ◽  
Inés Medina-Lozano ◽  
Penélope García-Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Blight Disease

Halo blight disease of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Pph), is responsible for severe losses in crop production worldwide. As the current agronomic techniques used are not effective, it is necessary to search for new ones which may prevent disease in common bean. In this study, we challenged four plant-based preparations (PBPs), with no other agronomic uses, as they come from industrial waste (grapevine pomace (RG) and hop residue (RH)) or wild plants (Urtica dioica (U) and Equisetum sp. (E)), to be used as immune defense elicitors against Pph in common bean. After studying their inhibitory effect against Pph growth by bioassays, the two most effective PBPs (RG and U) were applied in common bean plants. By measuring the total H2O2, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymatic activities, as well as the expression of six defense-related genes—PR1, WRKY33, MAPKK, RIN4, and PAL1, it was observed that U-PBP application involved a signaling redox process and the overexpression of all genes, mostly PR1. First infection trials in vitro suggested that the application of U-PBP involved protection against Pph. The elicitation of bean defense with U-PBP involved a decrease in some yield parameters, but without affecting the final production. All these findings suggest a future use of U-PBP to diminish halo blight disease.

scholarly journals The Proteomics of Resistance to Halo Blight in Common Bean

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161-1175
Author(s):  
Bret Cooper ◽  
Kimberly B. Campbell ◽  
Hunter S. Beard ◽  
Wesley M. Garrett ◽  
Marcio E. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Blight Disease

Halo blight disease of beans is caused by a gram-negative bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. The disease is prevalent in South America and Africa and causes crop loss for indigent people who rely on beans as a primary source of daily nutrition. In susceptible beans, P. syringae pv. phaseolicola causes water-soaking at the site of infection and produces phaseolotoxin, an inhibitor of bean arginine biosynthesis. In resistant beans, P. syringae pv. phaseolicola triggers a hypersensitive response that limits the spread of infection. Here, we used high-throughput mass spectrometry to interrogate the responses to two different P. syringae pv. phaseolicola isolates on a single line of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris PI G19833, with a reference genome sequence. We obtained quantitative information for 4,135 bean proteins. A subset of 160 proteins with similar accumulation changes during both susceptible and resistant reactions included salicylic acid responders EDS1 and NDR1, ethylene and jasmonic acid biosynthesis enzymes, and proteins enabling vesicle secretion. These proteins revealed the activation of a basal defense involving hormonal responses and the mobilization of extracellular proteins. A subset of 29 proteins specific to hypersensitive immunity included SOBIR1, a G-type lectin receptor–like kinase, and enzymes needed for glucoside and phytoalexin production. Virus-induced gene silencing revealed that the G-type lectin receptor–like kinase suppresses bacterial infection. Together, the results define the proteomics of disease resistance to P. syringae pv. phaseolicola in beans and support a model whereby the induction of hypersensitive immunity reinstates defenses targeted by P. syringae pv. phaseolicola.

Inheritance of resistance to the widely distributed race 6 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola in common bean pinto US14HBR6

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Duncan ◽  
Robert L. Gilbertson ◽  
Margarita Lema ◽  
Shree P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Blight Disease

Duncan, R. W., Gilbertson, R. L., Lema, M. and Singh, S. P. 2014. Inheritance of resistance to the widely distributed race 6 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola in common bean pinto US14HBR6. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 923–928. Halo blight disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psp) and is found worldwide in bean growing regions with temperate climates, such as the Midwestern United States. In situations where high levels of primary inoculum are present (e.g., in seed) and the climate is favorable, yield losses as high as 45% have been reported for susceptible cultivars. Disease resistance is the most desirable management strategy, and resistant cultivars and germplasm to some Psp races are available. However, high levels of resistance to Psp race 6, one of the most prevalent and economically important races, are not present in available cultivars. Here, we report the inheritance of a newly described source of resistance to Psp race 6 in the recently registered common bean pinto US14HBR6. The inheritance of resistance in US14HBR6 was investigated by making crosses between resistant (R) US14HBR6 and the susceptible (S) breeding line 92BG-7 and inoculating the parents, F1, F2, F3, and the respective backcrosses to either parent with Psp race 6. All 159 F1 plants were susceptible, the F2 segregated into 237S:16R and the F3 segregated into 309S:26R. The US14HBR6*2×92BG-7 F1 segregated into 83S:41R, and the US14HBR6×92BG-7*2 F1 segregated into 116S:0R. Together, these results suggest that the resistance to Psp race 6 in US14HBR6 is controlled by two independently inherited recessive genes. Evidence is also presented that dominant alleles of these resistance genes, at one or both loci, contribute to dosage-dependent susceptibility to halo blight. These halo blight resistance genes can be used in the development of common bean germplasm and cultivars with high levels of resistance to Psp race 6. In combination with other race-specific and non-race specific resistance genes from diverse Phaseolus germplasm, these genes could also be used to generate germplasm lines and cultivars with resistance to all known races of Psp.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document