scholarly journals Using Plant-Based Preparations to Protect Common Bean against Halo Blight Disease: The Potential of Nettle to Trigger the Immune System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Alfonso Gonzalo De la Rubia ◽  
María De Castro ◽  
Inés Medina-Lozano ◽  
Penélope García-Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Blight Disease

Halo blight disease of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Pph), is responsible for severe losses in crop production worldwide. As the current agronomic techniques used are not effective, it is necessary to search for new ones which may prevent disease in common bean. In this study, we challenged four plant-based preparations (PBPs), with no other agronomic uses, as they come from industrial waste (grapevine pomace (RG) and hop residue (RH)) or wild plants (Urtica dioica (U) and Equisetum sp. (E)), to be used as immune defense elicitors against Pph in common bean. After studying their inhibitory effect against Pph growth by bioassays, the two most effective PBPs (RG and U) were applied in common bean plants. By measuring the total H2O2, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymatic activities, as well as the expression of six defense-related genes—PR1, WRKY33, MAPKK, RIN4, and PAL1, it was observed that U-PBP application involved a signaling redox process and the overexpression of all genes, mostly PR1. First infection trials in vitro suggested that the application of U-PBP involved protection against Pph. The elicitation of bean defense with U-PBP involved a decrease in some yield parameters, but without affecting the final production. All these findings suggest a future use of U-PBP to diminish halo blight disease.

scholarly journals The Proteomics of Resistance to Halo Blight in Common Bean

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161-1175
Author(s):  
Bret Cooper ◽  
Kimberly B. Campbell ◽  
Hunter S. Beard ◽  
Wesley M. Garrett ◽  
Marcio E. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Blight Disease

Halo blight disease of beans is caused by a gram-negative bacterium, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. The disease is prevalent in South America and Africa and causes crop loss for indigent people who rely on beans as a primary source of daily nutrition. In susceptible beans, P. syringae pv. phaseolicola causes water-soaking at the site of infection and produces phaseolotoxin, an inhibitor of bean arginine biosynthesis. In resistant beans, P. syringae pv. phaseolicola triggers a hypersensitive response that limits the spread of infection. Here, we used high-throughput mass spectrometry to interrogate the responses to two different P. syringae pv. phaseolicola isolates on a single line of common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris PI G19833, with a reference genome sequence. We obtained quantitative information for 4,135 bean proteins. A subset of 160 proteins with similar accumulation changes during both susceptible and resistant reactions included salicylic acid responders EDS1 and NDR1, ethylene and jasmonic acid biosynthesis enzymes, and proteins enabling vesicle secretion. These proteins revealed the activation of a basal defense involving hormonal responses and the mobilization of extracellular proteins. A subset of 29 proteins specific to hypersensitive immunity included SOBIR1, a G-type lectin receptor–like kinase, and enzymes needed for glucoside and phytoalexin production. Virus-induced gene silencing revealed that the G-type lectin receptor–like kinase suppresses bacterial infection. Together, the results define the proteomics of disease resistance to P. syringae pv. phaseolicola in beans and support a model whereby the induction of hypersensitive immunity reinstates defenses targeted by P. syringae pv. phaseolicola.

Inheritance of resistance to the widely distributed race 6 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola in common bean pinto US14HBR6

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Duncan ◽  
Robert L. Gilbertson ◽  
Margarita Lema ◽  
Shree P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Blight Disease

Duncan, R. W., Gilbertson, R. L., Lema, M. and Singh, S. P. 2014. Inheritance of resistance to the widely distributed race 6 of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola in common bean pinto US14HBR6. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 923–928. Halo blight disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psp) and is found worldwide in bean growing regions with temperate climates, such as the Midwestern United States. In situations where high levels of primary inoculum are present (e.g., in seed) and the climate is favorable, yield losses as high as 45% have been reported for susceptible cultivars. Disease resistance is the most desirable management strategy, and resistant cultivars and germplasm to some Psp races are available. However, high levels of resistance to Psp race 6, one of the most prevalent and economically important races, are not present in available cultivars. Here, we report the inheritance of a newly described source of resistance to Psp race 6 in the recently registered common bean pinto US14HBR6. The inheritance of resistance in US14HBR6 was investigated by making crosses between resistant (R) US14HBR6 and the susceptible (S) breeding line 92BG-7 and inoculating the parents, F1, F2, F3, and the respective backcrosses to either parent with Psp race 6. All 159 F1 plants were susceptible, the F2 segregated into 237S:16R and the F3 segregated into 309S:26R. The US14HBR6*2×92BG-7 F1 segregated into 83S:41R, and the US14HBR6×92BG-7*2 F1 segregated into 116S:0R. Together, these results suggest that the resistance to Psp race 6 in US14HBR6 is controlled by two independently inherited recessive genes. Evidence is also presented that dominant alleles of these resistance genes, at one or both loci, contribute to dosage-dependent susceptibility to halo blight. These halo blight resistance genes can be used in the development of common bean germplasm and cultivars with high levels of resistance to Psp race 6. In combination with other race-specific and non-race specific resistance genes from diverse Phaseolus germplasm, these genes could also be used to generate germplasm lines and cultivars with resistance to all known races of Psp.

scholarly journals Mosca-Branca, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em feijoeiro: Características gerais, bioecologia e métodos de controle

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Anderson Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior ◽  
Bruno Henrique Sardinha de Souza ◽  
Eduardo Neves Costa ◽  
James da Silva Hoelhert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
De Se ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common

Resumo. A cultura do feijoeiro pode ser infestada por insetos que afetam a produção antes e após a colheita, tendo como estimativa de perdas causadas nos rendimentos pelas pragas variando de 33 a 86%. Dentre essas pragas a mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Autor merece destaque. Esta ocasiona danos diretos decorrentes de sua alimentação e indiretos que ocorrem por meio da excreção açucarada de honeydew ou “mela” e simbiose com a fumagina. No entanto, o dano mais sério causado pela B. tabaci é a transmissão de viroses como o mosaico-dourado-do-feijoeiro, provocando perdas econômicas que podem variar de 30% a 100%. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente estudo é disponibilizar informações a respeito de aspectos importantes de B. tabaci, como: histórico e distribuição geográfica, bioecologia e dinâmica populacional, plantas hospedeiras, métodos de controle adotados, dentre outros, a fim de se fornecer subsídios para futuras pesquisas sobre a mosca-branca em feijão.Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in common beans: General characteristics, bioecology, and methods of controlAbstract. Common bean plants are infested by insects, which can ultimately affect the crop production before and after harvest, with estimated losses ranging from 33 to 86%. Among the insect pests infesting the common beans the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) stands out. This species cause direct injury by feeding on the plants and indirect injury by excreting sugary honeydew that is after colonized by the sooty mold. In addition, the most serious damage caused by B. tabaci is the transmission of virus diseases, especially the common bean golden mosaic, responsible for economic losses varying from 30 to 100%. This review aims at providing information on important aspects of B. tabaci including its geographical distribution, bioecology, population dynamics, host plants, and methods of pest control. We expect that this review can provide valuable subsidies for future studies on the whitefly in common beans.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of the Gene Coding for the Amidinotransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Phaseolotoxin in Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Hernández-Guzmán ◽  
Ariel Alvarez-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Insertion Mutant ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Blight Disease

Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola is the causal agent of the “halo blight” disease of beans. A key component in the development of the disease is a nonhost-specific toxin, Nδ-(N'-sulphodiaminophosphinyl)-ornithyl-alanyl-homoarginine, known as phaseolotoxin. The homoarginine residue in this molecule has been suggested to be the product of Larginine:lysine amidinotransferase activity, previously detected in extracts of P. syringae pv. phaseolicola grown under conditions of phaseolotoxin production. We report the isolation and characterization of an amidinotransferase gene (amtA) from P. syringae pv. phaseolicola coding for a polypeptide of 362 residues (41.36 kDa) and showing approximately 40% sequence similarity to Larginine:inosamine-phosphate amidinotransferase from three species of Streptomyces spp. and 50.4% with an Larginine:glycine amidinotransferase from human mitochondria. The cysteine, histidine, and aspartic acid residues involved in substrate binding are conserved. Furthermore, expression of the amtA and argK genes and phaseolotoxin production occurs at 18°C but not at 28°C. An amidinotransferase insertion mutant was obtained that lost the capacity to synthesize homoarginine and phaseolotoxin. These results show that the amtA gene isolated is responsible for the amidinotransferase activity detected previously and that phaseolotoxin production depends upon the activity of this gene.

scholarly journals Some aspects of biological effect of emodin on plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Aliaxandr I. Kakhanouski ◽  
Vladimir M. Yurin ◽  
Katsiaryna Yu. Kakhanouskaya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effect ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Fallen Leaves

Emodin, a secondary metabolite of many plants, has a wide spectrum of biological action on various groups of organisms, but the mechanisms of its action on plants are practically not studied. There is an assumption that emodin plays a certain role in allelopathy, getting into the soil with fallen leaves in the form of glycosides, which break down into emodin aglycones and are stored in the ecosystem. The aim of the study was to establish the effects of emodin on growth processes and its effect on heme-containing enzymes. It was found that emodin has an inhibitory effect on the root system of Allium cepa, and also promotes the activation of catalase activity in the roots. When studying the direct action of emodin on the activity of the catalase enzyme in vitro, it was found that the activity of the catalase enzyme decreases under the action of emodin. When studying the possible mechanisms of inactivation, it was found that emodin can interact with heme. Further detailing of the patterns of biological action of emodin will expand the scope of its application in plant protection, crop production, and also determine its role in plant ecology and physiology.

scholarly journals A Novel Rhizospheric Bacterium, Bacillus Velezensis NKMV-3 as a Biocontrol Agent against Alternaria Leaf Blight in Tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vignesh Murthy ◽  
VedhaHari BodethalaNarayanan ◽  
MubarakAli Davoodbasha ◽  
MadhanShankar ShankarRamakrishanan
Keyword(s):  
Early Blight ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Molecular Sequencing

Abstract A novel strain of Bacillus isolated from rhizosphere has shown to be excellent biocontrol agents against various plant pathogens. In this study, a first report of a Bacillus strain NKMV-3 which effectively controlling Alternaria solani, which cause the Early Blight disease in tomato. Based on the cultural and molecular sequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequence, the identity of the strain was confirmed as Bacillus velezensis NKMV-3. The presence of the lipopeptide which are antibiotic synthesis genes namely Iturin C, Surfactin A, Fengycin B and D were confirmed through gene amplification. In addition, lipopetides was also confirmed through liquid chromatography. The extract showed inhibitory effect against A.solani in-vitro and detached tomato leaf assays. Bacillus velezensis strain NKMV-3 based formulations may provide an effective solution in controlling early blight disease in tomato and other crops.

scholarly journals Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Detection of Common Bean Viruses in Wild Plants from Tanzania and Their Mechanical Transmission to Common Bean Plants

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Mwaipopo ◽  
Minna-Liisa Rajamäki ◽  
Neema Ngowi ◽  
Susan N’chimbi Msolla ◽  
P Njau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Common Bean Plants

Viral diseases are a major threat for common bean production. In recent surveys, >15 different viruses belonging to 11 genera were shown to infect common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Tanzania. Management of viruses requires an understanding of how they survive from one season to the next. In this study, we explored the possibility that alternative host plants have a central role in the survival of common bean viruses. We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques to sequence virus-derived small interfering RNAs, together with conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect viruses in wild plants. Leaf samples for RNA extraction and NGS were collected from 1,430 wild plants around and within common bean fields in four agricultural zones in Tanzania. At least partial genome sequences of viruses potentially belonging to 25 genera were detected. The greatest virus diversity was detected in the eastern and northern zones, whereas wild plants in the Lake zone and especially in the southern highlands zone showed only a few viruses. RT-PCR analysis of all the collected plant samples confirmed the presence of yam bean mosaic virus and peanut mottle virus in wild legume plants. Of all viruses detected, only two viruses, cucumber mosaic virus and a novel bromovirus related to cowpea chlorotic mottle virus and brome mosaic virus, were mechanically transmitted from wild plants to common bean plants. The data generated in this study are crucial for development of viral disease management strategies and predicting crop viral disease outbreaks in different agricultural regions in Tanzania and beyond.

scholarly journals Genomic resources for Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola races 5 and 8

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bret Cooper ◽  
Ronghui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Sequencing Platform ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Blight Disease

Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola causes halo blight disease on Phaseolus vulgaris. Using a long-read DNA sequencing platform, we assembled the genome sequences for P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola races 5 and 8 that have distinguishable avirulent and virulent phenotypes on P. vulgaris PI G19833, a common bean with an annotated genome sequence. The twelve race 5 assemblies comprise two major 4.5 Mb and 1.4 Mb chromosome-like contigs and ten smaller contigs. The four race 8 assemblies comprise a major 6.1 Mb chromosome and 3 smaller contigs. Annotation yielded 5,890 genes for race 5 and 5,919 genes for race 8. These data will enable the discovery of the genetic and proteomic differences between these two races and allow comparisons to other races for which genomic information already exists.

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