scholarly journals Night Temperature Affects the Growth, Metabolism, and Photosynthetic Gene Expression in Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis lanceolata Plug Seedlings

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Liu ◽  
Xiuxia Ren ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Astragalus Membranaceus ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Codonopsis Lanceolata ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
White Leds

Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis lanceolata are two important medical herbs used in traditional Oriental medicine for preventing cancer, obesity, and inflammation. Night temperature is an important factor that influences the plug seedling quality. However, little research has focused on how the night temperature affects the growth and development of plug seedlings of these two medicinal species. In this study, uniform plug seedlings were cultivated in three environmentally controlled chambers for four weeks under three sets of day/night temperatures (25/10 °C, 25/15 °C, or 25/20 °C), the same relative humidity (75%), photoperiod (12 h), and light intensity (150 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD) provided by white LEDs. The results showed that night temperature had a marked influence on the growth and development of both species. The night temperature of 15 °C notably enhanced the quality of plug seedlings evidenced by the increased shoot, root, and leaf dry weights, stem diameter, and Dickson’s quality index. Moreover, a night temperature of 15 °C also stimulated and increased contents of primary and secondary metabolites, including soluble sugar, starch, total phenols and flavonoids. Furthermore, the 15 °C night temperature increased the chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance and decreased the hydrogen peroxide content. Analysis of the gene expression showed that granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain (RBCL), and ferredoxin (FDX) were up-regulated when the night temperature was 15 °C. Taken together, the results suggested that 15 °C is the optimal night temperature for the growth and development of plug seedlings of A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata.

scholarly journals Carbon Dioxide Enrichment Combined with Supplemental Light Improve Growth and Quality of Plug Seedlings of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook. f.

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Ya Liu ◽  
Xiuxia Ren ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Astragalus Membranaceus ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Codonopsis Lanceolata ◽  
Supplemental Lighting ◽  
Enriched Co2

Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook. f. are two medicinal species used to remedy inflammation, tumor, and obesity in Eastern medicine. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and supplemental lighting are two methods to enhance the growth, yield, and quality of crops. However, few studies have focused on the synergistic effects of CO2 and the supplemental light source on plug seedlings of medicinal species. In this study, uniform seedlings were grown with no supplemental light (the control) or under one of three supplemental light sources [high pressure sodium (HPS), metal halide (MH), or mixed light-emitting diodes (LEDs)] combined with one of three levels of CO2 (350, 700, or 1050 μmol·mol−1). The supplemental light (100 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density) and CO2 were provided simultaneously from 10:00 pm to 2:00 am every day. The results showed that the supplemental lighting (LEDs, MH, and HPS) greatly improved the seedling quality with greater dry weights (of the shoot, root, and leaf), stem diameter, leaf area, and Dickson’s quality index (DQI) than those of the control in both species. An enriched CO2 at 1050 μmol·mol−1 accelerated the growth and development of plug seedlings, evidenced by the increased root and leaf dry weights, stem diameter, and DQI compared to the those from the other two CO2 enrichment levels. Moreover, LEDs combined with 1050 μmol·mol−1 CO2 not only increased the contents of soluble sugars but also the starch content. However, an enriched CO2 at 700 μmol·mol−1 was more suitable for the accumulation of total phenols and flavonoids. Furthermore, LEDs combined with 700 or 1050 μmol·mol−1 CO2 increased the chlorophyll, quantum yield, and stomatal conductance at daytime and nighttime for A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata, respectively. In conclusion, the data suggest that LEDs combined with CO2 at 1050 μmol·mol−1 is recommended for enhancing the growth and development of plug seedlings of A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata.

scholarly journals Transcriptome profiling and environmental linkage to salinity across Salicornia europaea vegetation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bliss Ursula Furtado ◽  
Istvan Nagy ◽  
Torben Asp ◽  
Jarosław Tyburski ◽  
Monika Skorupa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Salicornia Europaea ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex ◽  
Growing Period

Abstract Background Salicornia europaea, a succulent obligatory halophyte is the most salt-tolerant plant species in the world. It survives salt concentrations of more than 1 M. Therefore, it is a suitable model plant to identify genes involved in salt tolerance mechanisms that can be used for the improvement of crops. The changes in a plant’s gene expression in response to abiotic stresses may depend on factors like soil conditions at the site, seasonality, etc. To date, experiments were performed to study the gene expression of S. europaea only under controlled conditions. Conversely, the present study investigates the transcriptome and physicochemical parameters of S. europaea shoots and roots from two different types of saline ecosystems growing under natural conditions. Results The level of soil salinity was higher at the naturally saline site than at the anthropogenic saline site. The parameters such as ECe, Na+, Cl−, Ca+, SO42− and HCO3− of the soils and plant organs significantly varied according to sites and seasons. We found that Na+ mainly accumulated in shoots, whereas K+ and Ca2+ levels were higher in roots throughout the growing period. Moreover, changes in S. europaea gene expression were more prominent in seasons, than sites and plant organs. The 30 differentially expressed genes included enzymes for synthesis of S-adenosyl methionine, CP47 of light-harvesting complex II, photosystem I proteins, Hsp70 gene, ATP-dependent Clp proteases, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and ATP synthase. Conclusion The comparisons made based on two seasons, plant organs and two different sites suggest the importance of seasonal variations in gene expression of S. europaea. We identify the genes that may play an important role in acclimation to season-dependent changes of salinity. The genes were involved in processes such as osmotic adjustment, energy metabolism and photosynthesis.

scholarly journals Nostoc talks back: Temporal patterns of differential gene expression during establishment of the Anthoceros-Nostoc symbiosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poulami Chatterjee ◽  
Peter Schafran ◽  
Fay-Wei Li ◽  
John C Meeks
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Differential Gene

Endosymbiotic association between hornworts and dinitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria form when the plant is limited for combined nitrogen (N). We generated RNA-Seq data to examine the temporal gene expression patterns during culture of N-starved Anthoceros punctatus in the absence and presence of the symbiotically competent cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme. Symbiotic nitrogenase activity commenced within 5 days of coculture reaching a maximal by 14 days. In symbiont-free gametophytes, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and transcription of genes encoding light harvesting and reaction center proteins, as well as the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylase/oxygenase, were downregulated. The downregulation was complemented in a temporal pattern corresponding to the N. punctiforme provision of N2-derived ammonium. The impairment and complementation of photosynthesis was the most distinctive response of A. punctatus to N-starvation. Increases in transcription of ammonium and nitrate transporters and their N. punctiforme-dependent complementation was also observed. The temporal patterns of differential gene expression indicated N. punctiforme transmits signals to A. punctatus both prior to, and after its provision of fixed N. This is the only known temporal transcriptomic study during establishment of a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing association in this monophyletic evolutionary lineage of land plants.

scholarly journals Manipulating the Difference between the Day and Night Temperatures Can Enhance the Quality of Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis lanceolata Plug Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Ren ◽  
Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Astragalus Membranaceus ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Codonopsis Lanceolata ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Plug Seedling ◽  
The Difference

Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook. f. are two famous medical species in Korea, China, and Japan, mainly used for treating diseases including cancer, obesity, and inflammation. Manipulation of the difference between the day and night temperatures (DIF) is an efficient horticultural practice to regulate the growth and development of vegetables in a glasshouse. However, little research has focused on how the DIF influences the plug seedling quality of medicinal plants. In this study, uniform plug seedlings were cultivated in three environmentally controlled chambers under an average daily temperature of 20 °C with negative (−10 °C), zero, or positive (+10 °C) DIFs, and the same relative humidity (75%), photoperiod (12 h), and light intensity (150 μmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux density with white LEDs). The results showed that the DIF had a noticeable effect on the growth, development, and morphology of A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata plug seedlings. The positive DIF (+10 °C) significantly increased the biomass (shoot, root, and leaf), stem diameter, and Dickson’s quality index, indicating an enhanced plug seedling quality. Moreover, the contents of primary and secondary metabolites, including soluble sugar, starch, total phenols and flavonoids, were higher with higher DIFs, where the maximum values were found at 0 °C or +10 °C DIF. Furthermore, the increases in the chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance were obtained in a positive DIF, indicating that a positive DIF was favorable to photosynthesis. An analysis of the gene expression showed that a positive DIF (+10 °C) up-regulated the expression of photosynthetic genes, including GBSS, RBCL, and FDX. In conclusion, the results of this study recommend a positive DIF (+10 °C) for enhancing the quality of A. membranaceus and C. lanceolata plug seedlings.

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