Identification and Characterization of a Streptomyces albus Strain and Its Secondary Metabolite Organophosphate against Charcoal Rot of Sorghum

Streptomycesalbus strain CAI-21 has been previously reported to have plant growth-promotion abilities in chickpea, pigeonpea, rice, and sorghum. The strain CAI-21 and its secondary metabolite were evaluated for their biocontrol potential against charcoal rot disease in sorghum caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Results exhibited that CAI-21 significantly inhibited the growth of the pathogen, M. phaseolina, in dual-culture (15 mm; zone of inhibition), metabolite production (74% inhibition), and blotter paper (90% inhibition) assays. When CAI-21 was tested for its biocontrol potential under greenhouse and field conditions following inoculation of M. phaseolina by toothpick method, it significantly reduced the number of internodes infected (75% and 45% less, respectively) and length of infection (75% and 51% less, respectively) over the positive control (only M. phaseolina inoculated) plants. Under greenhouse conditions, scanning electron microscopic analysis showed that the phloem and xylem tissues of the CAI-21-treated shoot samples were intact compared to those of the diseased stem samples. The culture filtrate of the CAI-21 was purified by various chromatographic techniques, and the active compound was identified as “organophosphate” by NMR and MS. The efficacy of organophosphate was found to inhibit the growth of M. phaseolina in the poisoned food technique. This study indicates that S.albus CAI-21 and its active metabolite organophosphate have the potential to control charcoal rot in sorghum.

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Cyclic Siloxane Biosurfactant Producing Bacillus Sp. BS14 Biocontrol Charcoal Rot Pathogen Macrophomina Phaseolina and Induce Growth Promotion in Vigna Mungo L.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-389451/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sumit Kumar ◽

Ramesh Chandra Dubey ◽

Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari ◽

Nitin Baliyan ◽

Shrivardhan Dheeman

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Culture Method ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Vigna Mungo ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Bacillus Sp ◽

Cyclic Siloxane ◽

Electron Microscopic

Abstract Rhizobacteria are important component of soil-plant interfaces and help in the management of plant diseases by various means. Precisely, the role of biosurfactant is underscored in biocontrol. The current study showed the exploration of biosurfactant-producing bacteria and its effect in indirect reduction of disease severity in pulse crops. In this study, BS14 was screened as plant growth promoting, biosurfactant producing and biocontrol agent against Macrophomina phaseolina. The biosurfactant purified for biocontrol assays and shown inhibition of fungal hyphal growth in dual culture method and cellular-level deformities in mycelia of M. phaseolina, as observed under scanning electron microscopic (SEM). The biosurfactant of Bacillus BS14 was identified as cyclic siloxane in GC-MS-spectroscopy and FTIR-spectroscopy analysis. In pot-trial studies Bacillus sp. BS14 proved their efficiency for the growth-promotion of Vigna mungo and significant reduction in disease severity index. Using biosurfactants is a biological alternative to the control of plant diseases.

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Potential Bacterial Antagonists for the Control of Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) in Strawberry

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7110457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 457

Author(s):

Josefina Viejobueno ◽

Natalia Rodríguez-Berbel ◽

Luis Miranda ◽

Berta de los Santos ◽

María Camacho

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Field Trials ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Plant Mortality ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Rdna Sequencing

The effect of antagonistic bacteria to control Macrophomina phaseolina was evaluated under in vitro, growth chamber, greenhouse and field conditions. A total of 177 bacteria, isolated from Athrocaulon macrostachyum rhizosphere of the Lebrija marsh, were screened for their potential against M. phaseolina (causes charcoal rot in strawberry) by dual culture assay. Of these isolates, 14 most promising strains were molecularly identified by the 16S rDNA sequencing method using the EzBioCloud database. These strains were tested for in vitro hydrolytic enzymes, HCN production, and biocontrol against M. phaseolina in strawberry plants. All the 14 strains produced, at least, one hydrolytic enzymatic activity and one of them, which belongs to Brevibacterium genus (Hvs8), showed the lowest records of disease incidence (20%) and severity (0.4). With these results, greenhouse and field trials were carried out with the Hvs8 strain, compared to non-treated control. In the greenhouse assays, Hvs8 strain increased root dry mass by 30%, over the control. In the field trials, production and fruit quality were not significantly different between Hvs8 treatment and non-treated control, but plant mortality and plant mortality associated to M. phaseolina decreased by more than 24% and 65% respectively, in Hvs8 treatment. This study suggests that Brevibacterium sp. Hvs8 strain could be a candidate for controlling charcoal rot in strawberry.

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Plant growth promotion and suppression of charcoal-rot fungus (Macrophomina phaseolina) in velvet bean (Mucuna pruriensL.) by root nodule bacteria

Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.1111/jph.12581 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 165 (7-8) ◽

pp. 463-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Abhinav Aeron ◽

Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari ◽

Shrivardhan Dheeman ◽

Mohit Agarwal ◽

Ramesh Chand Dubey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Promotion ◽

Root Nodule ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Nodule Bacteria ◽

Velvet Bean ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Root Nodule Bacteria

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Trichoderma viride Controls Macrophomina phaseolina through its DNA disintegration and Production of Antifungal Compounds

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology ◽

10.17957/ijab/15.1743 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (04) ◽

pp. 888-894

Author(s):

Iqra Haider Khan

Keyword(s):

Octanoic Acid ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Degraded Dna ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Hexadecanoic Acid ◽

Universal Primer ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Biocontrol Potential

Macrophomina phaseolina is a highly destructive pathogen of more than 500 plant species. It is difficult to eradicate it through chemical means as no patented fungicide is available against this pathogen. Biological control is the possible alternative method for its suitable management. The present study was carried out to evaluate the biocontrol potential of five Trichoderma spp. against M. phaseolina and the possible mechanisms of action. Identifications of all the Trichoderma spp. viz. T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. koningii, T. longipile and T. viride were confirmed on molecular basis by using two universal primer pairs namely ITS and EF1. Their biocontrol potential was evaluated in dual culture plate method where T. viride showed the highest inhibitory efficacy (63%) against M. phaseolina. T. koningii, T. hamatum and T. longipile showed akin effects by arresting growth of the pathogen by 46–47% followed by T. harzianum (28%). To find out the mechanisms of action, secondary extrolites of the best biocontrol fungus T. viride were tested against the pathogenic genomic DNA where all the concentrations partially degraded DNA bands after 24 h of incubation and a complete DNA band disappearance was noted after 48 h incubation. In addition, T. viride culture filtrates were partitioned with chloroform and ethyl acetate and subjected to GC-MS analysis for identification of potential antifungal constituents. The most abundant identified volatile compounds in the two organic solvent fractions were 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (44.54%), n-hexadecanoic acid (24.02%), hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester (14.25%), 9-tricosene, (Z)- (10.43%) and [1,1'-bicyclopropyl]-2-octanoic acid, 2'-hexyl-, methyl ester (10.43%). To conclude, T. viride was the best biocontrol agent against M. phaseolina and acts against the pathogen by DNA disintegration and production of antifungal secondary metabolites. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic and Rhizosphere Fungi Isolated From Sea Purslane (Sesuvium portulacastrum) Against Pythium Damping off of Cucumber

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-20-0003-re ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 104 (8) ◽

pp. 2158-2167

Author(s):

Thamodini G. Karunasinghe ◽

S. S. N. Maharachchikumbura ◽

Rethinasamy Velazhahan ◽

Abdullah M. Al-Sadi

Keyword(s):

Growth Promotion ◽

Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽

Cellulase Activity ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Damping Off ◽

Sesuvium Portulacastrum ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Rhizosphere Fungi

This study was conducted to investigate the antagonistic activity of endophytic and rhizosphere fungi isolated from a medicinal plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum, against Pythium aphanidermatum, the cause of damping off of cucumber. A total of 40 endophytic and 19 rhizosphere fungi were isolated from S. portulacastrum. Three endophytic isolates and two rhizosphere isolates gave >50% suppression of P. aphanidermatum in the in vitro dual-culture tests. Scanning electron microscopic studies at the inhibition zone showed hyphae wall damage and abnormal mycelial growth of the genus Pythium. Molecular analysis identified the antagonistic endophytes as Aspergillus insulicola (isolate A435), A. insulicola (A419), and Aspergillus melleus (A412) and the rhizosphere antagonists as Aspergillus terreus (A213) and Aspergillus luchuensis (A116). Except for A116, the culture filtrates of the other antagonists significantly increased the electrolyte leakage from Pythium mycelia, whereas ethyl acetate extracts of A435, A412, and A213 showed significant growth suppression. All five antagonists were able to produce varying amounts of cellulase and β-glucanase enzymes. However, A435, A412, and A213 showed significantly higher cellulase activity, whereas A435 and A116 showed the highest β-glucanase activity. Controlled glasshouse growth experiments showed that isolates A435 and A116 resulted in up to 70% control of damping off, whereas isolates A412 and A213 showed 30 to 40% damping-off control. The antagonists A435, A116, and A213 also contributed to increased cucumber shoot length as well as shoot and root dry mass. The synergetic effects of metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes could be the reason for the variation between isolates in the antagonistic activity and cucumber growth promotion. This study reports for the first time A. insulicola, A. melleus, and A. luchuensis as potential biocontrol agents against P. aphanidermatum-induced damping off of cucumber.

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Bioefficacy of fungicides and bioagents against Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot in maize

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/149-155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 149-155

Author(s):

U.M. Charde ◽

V.S. Shinde ◽

S.R. Dhonde

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Condition ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Culture Method ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Maximum Inhibition ◽

Poison Food Technique ◽

Pot Culture

In recent years Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot of maize is more problematic in maize growing parts of Maharashtra. Present investigation was taken on evaluation of fungicides and bio-agents against M. phaseolina under laboratory condition and pot culture. Under laboratory condition, nine fungicides and six bio- agents were evaluated against M. phaseolina by poison food technique and dual culture method, respectively. Among fungicides Carbendazim 63 % + Mancozeb 12% and Carbendazim alone recorded maximum inhibition of (100 %) mycelial growth. Among the bio-agents tested Trichoderma harzianum was found more effective as compared to other bio-control agents and inhibited maximum fungal growth (63.33 %) of M. phaseolina. Under pot culture study, as soil application and seed treatment, among the fungicides, carbendazim + Mancozeb was found most effective. However, among bioagents Trichoderma harzianum was remarkably manage the charcoal rot.

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Biological Control of Charcoal Rot of Mungbean by Trichoderma harzianum and Shoot Dry Biomass of Sisymbrium irio

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582017350100075 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. JAVAID ◽

L. AFZAL ◽

A. SHOAIB

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Agent ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Combined Application ◽

Sisymbrium Irio

ABSTRACT: A pot experiment was carried out for the biological control of charcoal rot on mung bean (Vigna radiata), caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Pot soil was made sick with an inoculum of M. phaseolina. Dried powdered leaves of Sisymbrium irio, a weed from the Brassicaceae family, were mixed in soil at 1, 2 and 3% (w/w) with and without the application of Trichoderma harzianm, a fungal biological control agent. The highest grain yield (3.62 g pot-1) was recorded in a combined application of T. harzianum and 1% S. irio leaf amendment, which was 62% and 805% higher than negative and positive control treatments, respectively. The application of S. irio leaf amendment and T. harzianum generally enhanced leaf protein, sugar and chlorophyll contents, and catalase activity. This study concludes that T. harzianum in combination with 1% dry leaves of S. irio as a soil amendment can be used to achieve the best grain yield under biotic stress of M. phaseolina.

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