scholarly journals Silica Containing Composite Anion Exchange Membranes by Sol–Gel Synthesis: A Short Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1874
Author(s):  
Emanuela Sgreccia ◽  
Riccardo Narducci ◽  
Philippe Knauth ◽  
Maria Luisa Di Vona
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Silica Network ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis ◽  
Future Topics

This short review summarizes the literature on composite anion exchange membranes (AEM) containing an organo-silica network formed by sol–gel chemistry. The article covers AEM for diffusion dialysis (DD), for electrochemical energy technologies including fuel cells and redox flow batteries, and for electrodialysis. By applying a vast variety of organically modified silica compounds (ORMOSIL), many composite AEM reported in the last 15 years are based on poly (vinylalcohol) (PVA) or poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) used as polymer matrix. The most stringent requirements are high permselectivity and water flux for DD membranes, while high ionic conductivity is essential for electrochemical applications. Furthermore, the alkaline stability of AEM for fuel cell applications remains a challenging problem that is not yet solved. Possible future topics of investigation on composite AEM containing an organo-silica network are also discussed.

scholarly journals Nanocomposite Anion Exchange Membranes with a Conductive Semi-Interpenetrating Silica Network

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Emanuela Sgreccia ◽  
Maria Luisa Di Vona ◽  
Simonetta Antonaroli ◽  
Gianfranco Ercolani ◽  
Marco Sette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Silica Network ◽  
Single Precursor

Nanocomposite anion exchange membranes were synthesized based on poly(sulfone trimethylammonium) chloride. A hybrid semi-interpenetrating silica network containing a large amount of quaternary ammonium groups was prepared by two sol–gel routes, in situ with a single precursor, N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (TMSP), or ex situ mixing two precursors, TMSP and 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyldimethoxy-methylsilane (AEAPS). The properties of these hybrid composites and their degradation after immersion in 1 M KOH at 60 °C were studied. The degradation is reduced in the composite materials with a lower decrease in the ion exchange capacity. FTIR spectra showed that a main degradation mechanism with a single precursor TMSP is the dissolution of the hybrid silica network in KOH, whereas it is stable with the mixture of TMSP/AEASP. This conclusion is in agreement with the thermogravimetric analysis. The mechanical properties show a better ductility with a single precursor and higher stiffness and strength, but less ductility, by the ex situ route. The activation energy was between 0.25 and 0.14 eV for Cl and OH ion conduction, respectively, consistent with the migration mechanism.

scholarly journals Innovative BPPO Anion Exchange Membranes Formulation Using Diffusion Dialysis-Enhanced Acid Regeneration System

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh ◽  
Fares AlMomani
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Acid Recovery ◽  
Aqueous Waste ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis

Recycling of acid from aqueous waste streams is crucial not only from the environmental point of view but also for maturing the feasible method (diffusion dialysis). Anion exchange membrane (AEM)–based diffusion dialysis process is one of the beneficial ways to recover acid from aqueous waste streams. In this article, the synthesis of a series of brominated poly (2, 6–dimethyl-1, 4–phenylene oxide) (BPPO)-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) through quaternization with triphenylphosphine (TPP) were reported for acid recovery via diffusion dialysis process. The successful synthesis of the prepared membranes was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The as-synthesized anion exchange membranes represented water uptake (WR) of 44 to 66%, ion exchange capacity of (IEC) of 1.22 to 1.86 mmol/g, and linear swelling ratio (LSR) of 8 to 20%. They exhibited excellent thermal, mechanical, and acid stability. They showed homogeneous morphology. The acid recovery performance of the synthesized AEMs was investigated in a two compartment stack using simulated mixture of HCl and FeCl2 as feed solution at room temperature. For the synthesized anion exchange membranes TPP–43 to TPP–100, the diffusion dialysis coefficient of acid (UH+) was in the range of 6.7 to 26.3 (10−3 m/h) whereas separation factor (S) was in the range of 27 to 49 at 25 °C. Obtained results revealed that diffusion dialysis performance of the synthesized AEMs was higher than the commercial membrane DF–120B (UH+ = 0.004 m/h, S = 24.3) at room temperature. It showed that the prepared AEMs here could be excellent candidates for the diffusion dialysis process.

High-performance porous anion exchange membranes for efficient acid recovery from acidic wastewater by diffusion dialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 119116
Author(s):  
Jiuyang Lin ◽  
Junming Huang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Junwei Yu ◽  
Xinqiang You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Acid Recovery ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis ◽  
Acidic Wastewater

Development of high performance anion exchange membranes for diffusion dialysis process

2021 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Jinzhan Su ◽  
Liejin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis

Fabrication of asymmetrical diffusion dialysis membranes for rapid acid recovery with high purity

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (47) ◽  
pp. 24000-24007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaocheng Lin ◽  
Ezzatollah Shamsaei ◽  
Biao Kong ◽  
Jefferson Zhe Liu ◽  
Tongwen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Acid Recovery ◽  
Dialysis Membranes ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis

Anion exchange membranes with fast acid permeation and high retention of salts have been fabricated to increase the process efficiency of acid recovery from various industrial processes via diffusion dialysis, thereby greatly reducing their energy consumption and environmental impact.

Graphene oxide modified porous anion exchange membranes for acid recovery through diffusion dialysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Wenya Liu ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Mengjie Sun ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Cuiming Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Acid Recovery ◽  
Through Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis

scholarly journals Synthesis of Porous BPPO-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Acid Recovery Via Diffusion Dialysis

Membranes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Abdallah Shanableh ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh ◽  
Fares AlMomani
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Porous Membranes ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Acid Recovery ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis ◽  
Group Concentration

Diffusion dialysis (DD) is an anion exchange membrane-based functional separation process used for acid recovery. TMA (trimethylamine) and BPPO (brominated poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) were utilized in this manuscript to formulate AEMs (anion exchange membranes) for DD (diffusion dialysis) using the phase-inversion technique. FTIR (Fourier transfer infrared) analysis, proton NMR spectroscopy, morphology, IEC (ion exchange capacity), LER (linear expansion ratio), CR (fixed group concentration), WR (water uptake/adsorption), water contact angle, chemical, and thermal stability, were all used to evaluate the prepared membranes. The effect of TMA content within the membrane matrix on acid recovery was also briefly discussed. It was reported that porous AEMs have a WR of 149.6% to 233.8%, IEC (ion exchange capacity) of 0.71 to 1.43 mmol/g, CR (fixed group concentration) that ranged from 0.0046 mol/L to 0.0056 mol/L, LER of 3.88% to 9.23%, and a water contact angle of 33.10° to 78.58°. The UH (acid dialysis coefficients) for designed porous membranes were found to be 0.0043 to 0.012 m/h, with separation factors (S) ranging from 13.14 to 32.87 at the temperature of 25 °C. These observations are comparable to those found in the DF-120B commercial membrane with UH of 0.004 m/h and S of 24.3 m/h at the same temperature (25 °C). This porous membranes proposed in this paper are excellent choices for acid recovery through the diffusion dialysis process.

scholarly journals BPPO-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Acid Recovery via Diffusion Dialysis

Materials ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Rafael Luque ◽  
Pepijn Prinsen ◽  
Aziz Ur Rehman ◽  
Saima Anjum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Acid Recovery ◽  
Diffusion Dialysis
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