scholarly journals Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Polyelectrolyte Membranes Based on Sulfonate Grafted Sodium Alginate for Drug Delivery, Toxic Metal Ion Removal and Fuel Cell Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3293
Author(s):  
Raagala Vijitha ◽  
Kasula Nagaraja ◽  
Marlia M. Hanafiah ◽  
Kummara Madhusudana Rao ◽  
Katta Venkateswarlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Membranes

Polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) are a novel type of material that is in high demand in health, energy and environmental sectors. If environmentally benign materials are created with biodegradable ones, PEMs can evolve into practical technology. In this work, we have fabricated environmentally safe and economic PEMs based on sulfonate grafted sodium alginate (SA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). In the first step, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and sodium 4-vinylbenzene sulfonate (SVBS) are grafted on to SA by utilizing the simple free radical polymerization technique. Graft copolymers (SA-g-AMPS and SA-g-SVBS) were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, XRD and DSC. In the second step, sulfonated SA was successfully blended with PVA to fabricate PEMs for the in vitro controlled release of 5-fluorouracil (anti-cancer drug) at pH 1.2 and 7.4 and to remove copper (II) ions from aqueous media. Moreover, phosphomolybdic acids (PMAs) incorporated with composite PEMs were developed to evaluate fuel cell characteristics, i.e., ion exchange capacity, oxidative stability, proton conductivity and methanol permeability. Fabricated PEMs are characterized by the FTIR, ATR-FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDAX. PMA was incorporated. PEMs demonstrated maximum encapsulation efficiency of 5FU, i.e., 78 ± 2.3%, and released the drug maximum in pH 7.4 buffer. The maximum Cu(II) removal was observed at 188.91 and 181.22 mg.g–1. PMA incorporated with PEMs exhibited significant proton conductivity (59.23 and 45.66 mS/cm) and low methanol permeability (2.19 and 2.04 × 10−6 cm2/s).

scholarly journals Fabrication of Polyelectrolyte Membranes of Pectin Graft-Copolymers with PVA and Their Composites with Phosphomolybdic Acid for Drug Delivery, Toxic Metal Ion Removal, and Fuel Cell Applications

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Raagala Vijitha ◽  
Nagella Sivagangi Reddy ◽  
Kasula Nagaraja ◽  
Tiruchuru J. Sudha Vani ◽  
Marlia M. Hanafiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Phosphomolybdic Acid ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Membranes

In this study, a simple method for the fabrication of highly diffusive, adsorptive and conductive eco-friendly polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) with sulfonate functionalized pectin and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) was established. The graft-copolymers were synthesized by employing the use of potassium persulfate as a free radical initiator from pectin (PC), a carbohydrate polymer with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and sodium 4-vinylbenzene sulphonate (SVBS). The PEMs were fabricated from the blends of pectin graft-copolymers (PC-g-AMPS and PC-g-SVBS) and PVA by using a solution casting method, followed by chemical crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The composite PEMs were fabricated by mixing phosphomolybdic acid with the aforementioned blends. The PEMs were successfully characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDAX studies. They were assessed for the controlled release of an anti-cancer drug (5-fluorouracil) and the removal of toxic metal ions (Cu2+) from aqueous media. Furthermore, the composite PEMs were evaluated for fuel cell application. The 5-fluorouracil release capacity of the PEMs was found to be 93% and 99.1% at 300 min in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.4). The highest Cu2+ removal was observed at 206.7 and 190.1 mg/g. The phosphomolybdic acid-embedded PEMs showed superior methanol permeability, i.e., 6.83 × 10−5, and 5.94 × 10−5, compared to the pristine PEMs. Furthermore, the same trend was observed for the proton conductivities, i.e., 13.77 × 10−3, and 18.6 × 10−3 S/cm at 30 °C.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI MEMBRAN KOMPOSIT KITOSAN-SODIUM ALGINAT TERFOSFORILASI SEBAGAI PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Siti Wafiroh ◽  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Yuliana Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Water Swelling ◽  
Exchange Membrane

AbstrakDi era globalisasi ini, kebutuhan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat dan ketersediannya semakin menipis. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan bahan bakar alternatif seperti Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat dan mengkarakterisasi membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat dari rumput laut coklat (Sargassum sp.) terfosforilasi sebagai Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEM dibuat dengan 4 variasi perbandingan konsentrasi antara kitosan dengan sodium alginat 8:0, 8:1, 8:2, dan 8:4 (b/b). Membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat difosforilasi dengan STPP 2N. Karakterisasi PEM meliputi: uji tarik, swelling air, kapasitas penukar ion, FTIR, SEM, permeabilitas metanol, dan konduktivitas proton. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, membran yang optimal adalah perbandingan 8:1 (b/b) dengan nilai modulus young sebesar 0,0901 kN/cm2, swelling air sebesar 19,14 %, permeabilitas metanol sebesar 72,7 x 10-7, dan konduktivitas proton sebesar 4,7 x 10-5 S/cm. Membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat terfosforilasi memiliki kemampuan yang cukup baik untuk bisa diaplikasikan sebagai membran polimer elektrolit dalam PEMFC. Kata kunci: kitosan, sodium alginat, terfosforilasi, PEMFC  AbstractIn this globalization era, the needs of fossil fuel certainly increases, but its providence decreases. Therefore, we need alternative fuels such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). The purpose of this study is preparationand characterization of phosphorylated chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane from brown seaweed (Sargassum sp.) as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEM is produced with 4 variations of concentration ratio between chitosan and sodium alginate 8:0, 8:1, 8:2, and 8:4 (w/w). Chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane phosphorylated with 2 N STPP. The characterization of PEM include: tensile test, water swelling, ion exchange capacity, FTIR, SEM, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity. Based on the analysis result, the optimal membrane is ratio of 8:1 (w/w) with the value of Young’s modulus about 0.0901 kN/cm2, water swelling at 19.14%, methanol permeability about 72.7 x 10-7, and proton conductivity about 4.7 x 10-5 S/cm. The phosphorylated chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane has good potentials for the application of the polymer electrolyte membrane in PEMFC. Keywords: chitosan, sodium alginate, phosphorylated, PEMFC

scholarly journals Surface-modified fibrous membranes for fuel cell application

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Noor Fatina Emelin Nor Fadzil ◽  
Ebrahim Abouzari-Lotf ◽  
Mohan V. Jacob ◽  
Nurfatehah Wahyuny Che Jusoh ◽  
Arshad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Barrier Layer ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Membrane Selectivity ◽  
Fuel Cell Application ◽  
Fibrous Membranes ◽  
Surface Modified

Low permeability layers of poly(1-vinylimidazole) were polymerised and deposited onto both sides of electrospun polyethersulfone (PES) nanofibrous sheet radiofrequency plasma. The layers not only act as an efficient fuel barrier layer but also impart high and stable proton conductivity, as well as better chemical and dimensional stabilities. Typically, the composite membrane exhibited methanol permeability as low as 33.20 x 10-8 cm2 s-1 and high through-plane proton conductivity of 52.4 mS cm-1 at 95% RH, indicating membrane selectivity of 0.675 x 108 mS.s cm-3, which is approximately 33 times greater than the selectivity of N115 under similar conditions.

scholarly journals Enhanced Proton Conductivity and Methanol Permeability Reduction via Sodium Alginate Electrolyte-Sulfonated Graphene Oxide Bio-membrane

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shaari ◽  
S. K. Kamarudin ◽  
S. Basri ◽  
L. K. Shyuan ◽  
M. S. Masdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Permeability Reduction ◽  
Sulfonated Graphene

Development of functionalized quantum dot modified poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes for fuel cell applications

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (53) ◽  
pp. 47536-47544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajender Singh Malik ◽  
Udit Soni ◽  
Sampat Singh Chauhan ◽  
Pawan Verma ◽  
Veena Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Heat Treated

Superior thermally, hydrolytically and mechanically stable heat treated functionalized quantum dot modified PVA membranes with enhanced proton conductivity are reported.

Suppression of methanol cross-over in novel composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 2309-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Fang ◽  
Ruiying Miao ◽  
Tongtao Wang ◽  
Xindong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Proton Conductor ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cells

A series of novel composite membranes was prepared by using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with polyimide (PI) as base material and 8-trimethoxysilylpropyl glycerine ether-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid (TSGEPS) as proton conductor for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The parameters of membranes, including water sorption, hydrolysis stability, dimensional stability, proton conductivity, and methanol permeability were studied. The proton conductivity of the membranes is in the order of 10–2 S/cm, and the membranes show better resistance to methanol permeability (1.51 × 10–7 cm2 s–1) and better selectivity (20.6 × 104 S cm–3 s) than those of Nafion115 under the same measurement conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Concentration of Organically Modified Nanoclay on Properties of Sulfonated Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposite Membranes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apiradee Sanglimsuwan ◽  
Narumon Seeponkai ◽  
Jatuphorn Wootthikanokkhan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Nanocomposite Membranes ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

Electrolyte nanocomposite membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells were prepared by carrying out a sulfonation of poly(vinyl alcohol) with sulfosuccinic acid and adding a type of organically modified montmorillonite (layered silicate nanoclay) commercially known as Cloisite 93A. The effects of the different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 wt. %) of the organoclay in the membranes on water uptake, ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity, and methanol permeability were measured, respectively, via gravimetry, titration, impedance analysis, and gas chromatography techniques. The IEC values remained constant for all concentrations. Water uptakes and proton conductivities of the nanocomposite membranes changed with the clay content in a nonlinear fashion. While all the nanocomposite membranes had lower methanol permeability than Nafion115, the 6% concentration of Cloisite 93A in sulfonated poly(vinyl alcohol) membrane displayed the greatest proton conductivity to methanol permeability ratio.

Analytical Model for Effect of Polymer Composite Membrane Properties on Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Theampetch Apichaya ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar ◽  
Chaiwat Prapainainar
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
High Proton ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Methanol Fuel Cell

Abstract. Performance of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), using polymer composite membrane, can be directly affected by membrane properties, including permeability, proton conductivity and membrane thickness. In order to obtain high DMFC performance, methanol permeability of the membrane should be low, while keeping high proton conductivity. This may be achieved by modification of incorporating inorganic filler into high proton conducting membrane. In this work, the analytical modeling for DMFC performance prediction was developed to be a guideline for Nafion based membrane improvement. Methanol permeability and proton conductivity were set at 0.30 – 5.60 cm2×S-1 and 0.08 – 0.15 S×cm-1 with the thickness of 25 – 1000 μm. The results show that DMFC performance strongly depends on the methanol permeability especially with thin membrane giving maximum power density of 1034 and 100mW×cm-2 at the permeability of 0.30 and 5.60 cm2×S-1, respectively, with thickness of 45 μm, while with thick membrane the permeability has negligibly effect. However, the proton conductivity mainly affects DMFC performance only with thick membrane as a result of ohmic resistance.

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