scholarly journals Fabrication of Polyelectrolyte Membranes of Pectin Graft-Copolymers with PVA and Their Composites with Phosphomolybdic Acid for Drug Delivery, Toxic Metal Ion Removal, and Fuel Cell Applications

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Raagala Vijitha ◽  
Nagella Sivagangi Reddy ◽  
Kasula Nagaraja ◽  
Tiruchuru J. Sudha Vani ◽  
Marlia M. Hanafiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Phosphomolybdic Acid ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Membranes

In this study, a simple method for the fabrication of highly diffusive, adsorptive and conductive eco-friendly polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) with sulfonate functionalized pectin and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA) was established. The graft-copolymers were synthesized by employing the use of potassium persulfate as a free radical initiator from pectin (PC), a carbohydrate polymer with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and sodium 4-vinylbenzene sulphonate (SVBS). The PEMs were fabricated from the blends of pectin graft-copolymers (PC-g-AMPS and PC-g-SVBS) and PVA by using a solution casting method, followed by chemical crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The composite PEMs were fabricated by mixing phosphomolybdic acid with the aforementioned blends. The PEMs were successfully characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDAX studies. They were assessed for the controlled release of an anti-cancer drug (5-fluorouracil) and the removal of toxic metal ions (Cu2+) from aqueous media. Furthermore, the composite PEMs were evaluated for fuel cell application. The 5-fluorouracil release capacity of the PEMs was found to be 93% and 99.1% at 300 min in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.4). The highest Cu2+ removal was observed at 206.7 and 190.1 mg/g. The phosphomolybdic acid-embedded PEMs showed superior methanol permeability, i.e., 6.83 × 10−5, and 5.94 × 10−5, compared to the pristine PEMs. Furthermore, the same trend was observed for the proton conductivities, i.e., 13.77 × 10−3, and 18.6 × 10−3 S/cm at 30 °C.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Polyelectrolyte Membranes Based on Sulfonate Grafted Sodium Alginate for Drug Delivery, Toxic Metal Ion Removal and Fuel Cell Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3293
Author(s):  
Raagala Vijitha ◽  
Kasula Nagaraja ◽  
Marlia M. Hanafiah ◽  
Kummara Madhusudana Rao ◽  
Katta Venkateswarlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Membranes

Polyelectrolyte membranes (PEMs) are a novel type of material that is in high demand in health, energy and environmental sectors. If environmentally benign materials are created with biodegradable ones, PEMs can evolve into practical technology. In this work, we have fabricated environmentally safe and economic PEMs based on sulfonate grafted sodium alginate (SA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). In the first step, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and sodium 4-vinylbenzene sulfonate (SVBS) are grafted on to SA by utilizing the simple free radical polymerization technique. Graft copolymers (SA-g-AMPS and SA-g-SVBS) were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, XRD and DSC. In the second step, sulfonated SA was successfully blended with PVA to fabricate PEMs for the in vitro controlled release of 5-fluorouracil (anti-cancer drug) at pH 1.2 and 7.4 and to remove copper (II) ions from aqueous media. Moreover, phosphomolybdic acids (PMAs) incorporated with composite PEMs were developed to evaluate fuel cell characteristics, i.e., ion exchange capacity, oxidative stability, proton conductivity and methanol permeability. Fabricated PEMs are characterized by the FTIR, ATR-FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDAX. PMA was incorporated. PEMs demonstrated maximum encapsulation efficiency of 5FU, i.e., 78 ± 2.3%, and released the drug maximum in pH 7.4 buffer. The maximum Cu(II) removal was observed at 188.91 and 181.22 mg.g–1. PMA incorporated with PEMs exhibited significant proton conductivity (59.23 and 45.66 mS/cm) and low methanol permeability (2.19 and 2.04 × 10−6 cm2/s).

Red-fluorescent graphene quantum dots from guava leaf as a turn-off probe for sensing aqueous Hg(ii)

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 4617-4625
Author(s):  
Rahul V. Khose ◽  
Goutam Chakraborty ◽  
Mahesh P. Bondarde ◽  
Pravin H. Wadekar ◽  
Alok K. Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Guava Leaf

In this work, we have prepared red-fluorescent graphene quantum dots and utilized as a highly selective and sensitive fluorescence turn-off probe for detection of the toxic metal ion Hg2+ from guava leaf extract.

Heavy and toxic metal ion removal by a novel polymeric ion-exchanger: synthesis, characterization, kinetics and equilibrium studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 2170-2179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja S. Azarudeen ◽  
Mohamed A. Riswan Ahamed ◽  
R. Subha ◽  
Abdul R. Burkanudeen
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Ion Exchanger ◽  
Equilibrium Studies ◽  
Metal Ion Removal ◽  
Ion Removal

Local fruit wastes driven benthic microbial fuel cell: a sustainable approach to toxic metal removal and bioelectricity generation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Ali Yaqoob ◽  
Claudia Guerrero–Barajas ◽  
Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim ◽  
Khalid Umar ◽  
Amira Suriaty Yaakop
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Bioelectricity Generation ◽  
Fruit Wastes

scholarly journals Energy Sustainability Study of a Rural ICT Telecenter at the Bario Highland

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Omar Abdullah ◽  
Voon Chun Yung ◽  
Audra Anak Jom ◽  
Alvin Yeo Wee ◽  
Martin Anyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Simple Method

The eBario project has won the eAsia Award and the Mondialogo Engineering Award in 2004 and 2005 respectively for it’s successful implementation of an Information and Telecommunications Technology Center (ICT) and solar renewable energy-incentive rural community project at the Bario Highland of Sarawak, East Malaysia, Borneo (http://www.unimas.my/ebario/). Although solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has been opted for power generation at the ICT Telecenter for the past five years, there is still a need to investigate the cost-effectiveness of the current energy setup as well as to conduct sustainability study taking into account factors such as system efficiency, weather, costs of fuel, operating costs, as well as to explore the feasibility of implementing alternative energy resources for the rural ICT Telecenter. Recent theoretical study conducted has shown that renewable combined power systems are more sustainable in terms of supplying electricity to the ICT Telecenter, and in a more cost-effective way compared to a standalone PV system which is subject to the cloud and the recent dense haze problems. For that purpose, two combined power systems are being put into consideration namely PV-Hydro and PV-Hydro-Fuel Cell, where the total simulated annualized cost for these two system configurations are US$10,847 and US$76,010 respectively as far as the present location is concerned. The PVHydro-Fuel Cell produces electrical energy at the amount of 3,577 kWh/yr while the annual energy consumption is 3,203 kWhr/yr. On the other hand, PV-Hydro produces 3,789 kWhr/yr of electricity annually load which consumes energy at 3,209 kWhr/yr. Results thus obtained has shown that the PVHydro scheme is expected to have advantages over the existing PV standalone system. Firstly, it is more cost-effective. Secondly, it provides the best outcomes for the local indigenous community and the natural highland environments both for now and the future. Thirdly, it also able to relate the continuity of both economic and social aspects of the local society as a whole. As the combined PV-Hydro system had been chosen, plus for completeness purposes, the present paper also discussed the custom design and construction of a small waterwheel breast-shot hydro-generator, suited to the local location and existing water energy resources. Energy saving design calculations and Sankey diagram showing the energy flows for the new combined system are also given herein. Finally, the energy system performance equations and the performance curves introduced in this study provide a new simple method of evaluating renewable energy systems.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI MEMBRAN KOMPOSIT KITOSAN-SODIUM ALGINAT TERFOSFORILASI SEBAGAI PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Siti Wafiroh ◽  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Yuliana Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Water Swelling ◽  
Exchange Membrane

AbstrakDi era globalisasi ini, kebutuhan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat dan ketersediannya semakin menipis. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan bahan bakar alternatif seperti Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat dan mengkarakterisasi membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat dari rumput laut coklat (Sargassum sp.) terfosforilasi sebagai Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEM dibuat dengan 4 variasi perbandingan konsentrasi antara kitosan dengan sodium alginat 8:0, 8:1, 8:2, dan 8:4 (b/b). Membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat difosforilasi dengan STPP 2N. Karakterisasi PEM meliputi: uji tarik, swelling air, kapasitas penukar ion, FTIR, SEM, permeabilitas metanol, dan konduktivitas proton. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, membran yang optimal adalah perbandingan 8:1 (b/b) dengan nilai modulus young sebesar 0,0901 kN/cm2, swelling air sebesar 19,14 %, permeabilitas metanol sebesar 72,7 x 10-7, dan konduktivitas proton sebesar 4,7 x 10-5 S/cm. Membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat terfosforilasi memiliki kemampuan yang cukup baik untuk bisa diaplikasikan sebagai membran polimer elektrolit dalam PEMFC. Kata kunci: kitosan, sodium alginat, terfosforilasi, PEMFC  AbstractIn this globalization era, the needs of fossil fuel certainly increases, but its providence decreases. Therefore, we need alternative fuels such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). The purpose of this study is preparationand characterization of phosphorylated chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane from brown seaweed (Sargassum sp.) as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEM is produced with 4 variations of concentration ratio between chitosan and sodium alginate 8:0, 8:1, 8:2, and 8:4 (w/w). Chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane phosphorylated with 2 N STPP. The characterization of PEM include: tensile test, water swelling, ion exchange capacity, FTIR, SEM, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity. Based on the analysis result, the optimal membrane is ratio of 8:1 (w/w) with the value of Young’s modulus about 0.0901 kN/cm2, water swelling at 19.14%, methanol permeability about 72.7 x 10-7, and proton conductivity about 4.7 x 10-5 S/cm. The phosphorylated chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane has good potentials for the application of the polymer electrolyte membrane in PEMFC. Keywords: chitosan, sodium alginate, phosphorylated, PEMFC

scholarly journals Study on the Effect of Cu (II) and Zn (II) on the Accumulation of Pb (II) from Soil to the Biomass of Vegetable

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Le Thi Thanh Tran ◽  
Le Van Luan ◽  
Tran Quang Hieu ◽  
Le Van Tan
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Among soil pollutants, lead (Pb) is one of the toxic metal pollutants widely used in many industrial processes and occurs as a contaminant in environment. In this study, a field experiment was carried out to investigate the accumulation of lead from soil contaminated by this metal ion on the biomass of some vegetables, including spinach, lettuce, carrots, and potatoes. The results showed that lead was cumulative metal. Besides, the level of lead accumulation in soil of the studied vegetables decreased in the order of tubers of carrots, tubers of potato, spinach root, lettuce root, stems and leaves of spinach, stem and leaves of carrot, stems and leaves of potato, and stem and leaves of lettuce, respectively. Our investigations demonstrate the effect of copper and zinc micronutrient elements which play an important role in the growth and development of plants, on the accumulation of lead from contaminated soil of the studied vegetables. The obtained results showed that high concentration of copper and zinc in soil cause competition with lead in the process of absorption and accumulation in the plant. Specifically, copper and zinc showed the inhibition effect on the uptake and accumulation of lead by these plants.

Studies on the biofilm produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in different metal fatty acid salt media and its application in biodegradation of fatty acids and bioremediation of heavy metal ions

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Abinaya Sindu ◽  
Pennathur Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Aquatic Organism ◽  
Fatty Acid Salt ◽  
Planktonic Form

Metal fatty acid salts (MFAS) in untreated industrial effluents cause environmental pollution. The use of biocompatible agents for remediation may help in reducing the harm caused to the ambient aquatic organism. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous organism that thrives under harsh conditions and is resistant to toxic metal ions. The present study shows a proof-of-concept of using this organism in the biodegradation of MFAS. MFAS were prepared and we studied their effect on the growth of the planktonic form and the formation of biofilm by P. aeruginosa. We observed biofilm formation in the presence of all the MFAS when used as the sole carbon source, albeit the quantity of biofilm formed in the presence of cadmium and copper was less. There was no effect on the planktonic form of the organism but the formation of biofilm increased in the presence of magnesium palmitate. This study shows that metal ions play a pivotal role in the formation of biofilm. HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) analysis of the biofilm polysaccharide showed that hexose sugar was a major component when compared with pentose sugar. The structure of biofilm polysaccharide and the coordination of the metal ion with the biofilm polysaccharide were confirmed by FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and Raman spectroscopy.

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