scholarly journals Development of Oil and Gas Stimulation Fluids Based on Polymers and Recycled Produced Water

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4017
Author(s):  
Mustafa AlKhowaildi ◽  
Bassam Tawabini ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad Kamal ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud ◽  
Murtada Saleh Aljawad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Sustainable Solutions

Freshwater scarcity is a highly pressing and accelerating issue facing our planet. Therefore, there is a great incentive to develop sustainable solutions by reusing wastewater or produced water (PW), especially in places where it is generated abundantly. PW represents the water produced as a by-product during oil and gas extraction operations in the petroleum industry. It is the largest wastewater stream within the industry, with hundreds of millions of produced water barrels per day worldwide. This research investigates a reuse opportunity for PW to replace freshwater utilization in well stimulation applications. Introducing an environmentally friendly chelating agent (GLDA) allowed formulating a PW-based fluid system that has similar rheological properties in fresh water. This work aims at evaluating the rheological properties of the developed stimulation fluid. The thickening profile of the fluid was controlled by chelation chemistry and varying different design parameters. The experiments were carried out using a high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) viscometer. Variables such as polymer concentration and pH have a great impact on the viscosity, while temperature and concentration of the chelating agents are shown to control the thickening profile, as well as its stability and breakage behaviors. Furthermore, 50 pptg of carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG) polymer in 20 wt.% chelating solution was shown to sustain 172 cP viscosity for nearly 2.5 h at 150 °F and 100 S−1 shear rate. The newly developed fluid system, solely based on polymer, chelating agent, and PW, showed great rheological capabilities to replace the conventional stimulation fluids based on fresh water. The newly developed fluid can also have economic value realization due to fewer additives, compared with conventional fluids.

scholarly journals Abandonment of an Iraqi Well, justifications and feasibility study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Dr. Kareem A. Alwan ◽  
Hayder A. AlAttaby
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Current Time

At the beginning of petroleum industry evolving the regulation did not focus on environmental issues, it was, mainly, looking to natural resources (oil and gas) production and protection. By the time, environmental and safety implications started to be the highest priority, as a result of undesirable impact of oil operations on plant. Huge numbers of dry wells were abandoned according to environmental regulations to prevent side effects which involved contamination of shallow water aquifers, surface seepage of hydrocarbon (whether oil or gas) or salty water, potential hazardous of explosion or soil contaminations, and water contamination at offshore unplugged wells. Based on the hazards above, the main objectives of plugging and abandonment operations is to achieve isolation and protection of all fresh and near fresh water zones, and all future commercial zones, as well as prevent leaks in perpetuity from or into the well and remove surface equipment and cut pipe to a mandated level below the surface. In this paper, an Iraqi oil well was studied as a case study of abandonment processes. The well represents a danger to people, environment and subsurface fresh water; due to unusual raised pressure in different annuluses and copious surface leak from wellhead components while production. Worthily to say that, it is seldom in Iraq to abandon the wells in current time, according to good reservoirs situation. The reasons and justifications of this well plugging, depending on economic analysis and investigation were studied, and explained, according to international practices and procedures of such treatments. The workover option is most economic option, but it was eliminated due to failure in ensuring the well safety and severe environmental impact which expected. According to investigation, pressure and laboratory tests were revealed that P&A is mandatory for this well as soon as possible.

Development of the Natural Vegetable Gum Drilling and Completion Fluids System for Industrial Intelligent Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 443-444 ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Feng Xia Li ◽  
Guang Cheng Jiang ◽  
Zheng Ku Wang ◽  
Mao Rong Cui ◽  
Wen Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Completion Fluids

To ensure the fluids selected to drill and complete the well would simplify the operation for the oil and gas development in the petroleum industry, a natural vegetable gum drilling and completion fluids system is developed for the industrial intelligent application. As the system combines the advantage of the drilling fluid and completion fluid, it need not change the two different fluids during the operation, which is beneficial to the intelligent operation. In addition, the formulation of the proposed system has mainly taken the environment factor into consideration as the environmental protection has become main concern before the implementation of the oil and gas exploration. An extensive laboratory work of the natural vegetable gum drilling and completion fluids system is carried out, including the formulation study of the detailed system and the corresponding performance evaluation. In the system, the vegetable gum is chosen as raw material and TLJ-1 is optimally selected as the major treatment agent in the natural vegetable gum drilling and completion fluid system. The LV-CMC, polyglycol and QS-2 are taken as the auxiliary treatment agents for the system. And the three formulations, i. e. the solids-free fluid system, the low-solids fluid system and the weighting fluid system have been presented in this paper. The laboratory analysis has demonstrated that the prosperities of the system are proper for the industrial intellectual application, with the temperature resistance capability of 315 ℉.

Experimental Research about High-Concentration Polymer Flooding in 6th Oil Production Plant of Daqing Oilfield

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 762-765
Author(s):  
Wen Jie Fan ◽  
Yan Chang Su ◽  
Yi Qiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Polymer Solutions ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Displacement Efficiency ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oil Displacement ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Oil Displacement Efficiency

In this paper, the high concentration polymer oil flooding experiments were first carried out on two artificial cores that with different Permeability (1000×10-3μm2 and 1700×10-3μm2) by using various concentrations of the polymer respectively(2000mg/L, 3000mg/L, 4000mg/L, 5000mg/L).The relationship between the polymer concentration and oil recovery was given, the upper limit of the polymer concentration was obtained according to the oil displacement efficiency, and the feasibility of the polymer concentration upper limit was investigated. Then it was found that higher produced water polymer concentrations were needed if the same the oil displacement efficiency was reached compared those fresh water polymer solutions by comparing the oil displacement efficiency that using produced water polymer solutions and fresh water polymer solutions.

Reuse of Produced Water Grows in the Oil and Gas Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Judy Feder
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Judy Feder, contains highlights of paper SPE 199498, “Reuse of Produced Water in the Oil and Gas Industry,” by Madeleine Gray, International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association, prepared for the 2020 SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Environment, and Sustainability, originally scheduled to be held in Bogota, Colombia, 28-30 July. The paper has not been peer reviewed. The onshore oil and gas industry investigates new and improved ways to manage the supply and disposal of produced water continually. Within oil and gas operations, produced water increasingly is being recycled and reused for enhanced oil recovery, drilling, and well stimulation. The growing global demand for water resources also is creating interest in reusing produced water outside oil and gas operations. The complete paper focuses on sources of produced water from conventional and unconventional onshore oil and gas operations and addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with reusing the produced water. Introduction Produced water is water that is brought to surface during oil and natural-gas production. It includes formation, flowback, and condensation water. Produced water varies in composition and volume from one formation to another and is often managed as a waste material requiring disposal. In recent years, increased demand for, and regional variability of, available water resources, along with sustainable water-supply planning, have driven interest in reusing produced water with or without treatment to meet requirements within the industry or by external users. Reuse of produced water can provide important economic, social, and environmental benefits, particularly in water-scarce regions. It can be used for hydraulic fracturing, waterflooding, and enhanced oil recovery, decreasing the demand for other sources of water. However, reuse for offsite, non-oilfield applications such as crop irrigation, wildlife and livestock consumption, industrial processes, and power generation, is subject to a variety of constraints and risks. Practical considerations for offsite reuse include supply and demand and regulatory, infrastructural, economic, legal, social, and environmental factors. Sources, Chemical Properties, and Management of Produced Water The information contained in the paper is based on an internal survey conducted by the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) of 14 of its member companies, interviews with selected external stakeholders covering a range of sectors and geographic regions, and a literature review of readily available information. The external stakeholders were identified from the membership survey as well as from IPIECA and consultant experience. Sources and Volumes. Onshore oil and gas operations generate millions of barrels of produced water each day world-wide. The composition and flow of produced water can differ dramatically from one source to another.

Potential of recovering elements from produced water at oil and gas fields, British Columbia, Canada

CIM Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-214
Author(s):  
G. J. Simandl ◽  
C. Akam ◽  
M. Yakimoski ◽  
D. Richardson ◽  
A. Teucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Gas Fields

DETERMINING SOURCES OF BARIUM AND OTHER DISSOLVED SOLIDS IN OIL AND GAS PRODUCED WATER USING STABLE BARIUM ISOTOPES

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Stewart ◽  
◽  
Zachary G. Tieman ◽  
Rosemary C. Capo ◽  
Rebecca M. Matecha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Dissolved Solids

scholarly journals Fate of radium on the discharge of oil and gas produced water to the marine environment

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 129550
Author(s):  
Faraaz Ahmad ◽  
Katherine Morris ◽  
Gareth T.W. Law ◽  
Kevin Taylor ◽  
Samuel Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water

A review of treatment technologies for produced water in offshore oil and gas fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 145485
Author(s):  
Yiqian Liu ◽  
Hao Lu ◽  
Yudong Li ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Zhicheng Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Offshore Oil

Ghana's petroleum industry: expectations, frustrations and anger in coastal communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-424
Author(s):  
Jesse Salah Ovadia ◽  
Jasper Abembia Ayelazuno ◽  
James Van Alstine
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Negative Impacts

ABSTRACTWith much fanfare, Ghana's Jubilee Oil Field was discovered in 2007 and began producing oil in 2010. In the six coastal districts nearest the offshore fields, expectations of oil-backed development have been raised. However, there is growing concern over what locals perceive to be negative impacts of oil and gas production. Based on field research conducted in 2010 and 2015 in the same communities in each district, this paper presents a longitudinal study of the impacts (real and perceived) of oil and gas production in Ghana. With few identifiable benefits beyond corporate social responsibility projects often disconnected from local development priorities, communities are growing angrier at their loss of livelihoods, increased social ills and dispossession from land and ocean. Assuming that others must be benefiting from the petroleum resources being extracted near their communities, there is growing frustration. High expectations, real and perceived grievances, and increasing social fragmentation threaten to lead to conflict and underdevelopment.

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