scholarly journals Design of Promising Green Cation-Exchange-Membranes-Based Sulfonated PVA and Doped with Nano Sulfated Zirconia for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4205
Author(s):  
Marwa H. Gouda ◽  
Noha A. Elessawy ◽  
Sami A. Al-Hussain ◽  
Arafat Toghan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Sulfated Zirconia ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Binary Polymer ◽  
Physicochemical Features ◽  
Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells

The direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) is a low-temperature fuel cell that requires the development of affordable price and efficient proton exchange membranes for commercial purposes. In this context, super-acidic sulfated zirconia (SO4ZrO2) was embedded into a cheap and environmentally friendly binary polymer blend, developed from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and iota carrageenan (IC). The percentage of SO4ZrO2 ranged between 1 and 7.5 wt.% in the polymeric matrix. The study findings revealed that the composite membranes’ physicochemical features improved by adding increasing amounts of SO4ZrO2. In addition, there was a decrease in the permeability and swelling ratio of the borohydride membranes as the SO4ZrO2 weight% increased. Interestingly, the power density increased to 76 mW cm−2 at 150 mA cm−2, with 7.5 wt.% SO4ZrO2, which is very close to that of Nafion117 (91 mW cm−2). This apparent selectivity, combined with the low cost of the eco-friendly fabricated membranes, points out that DBFC has promising future applications.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Green Hybrid Nanocomposites for Application as Proton Exchange Membranes in Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa H. Gouda ◽  
Noha A. Elessawy ◽  
Diogo M.F. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Nanocomposite Membranes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells

Organic–inorganic nanocomposite membranes for potential application in direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) are formulated from sulfonated poly(vinyl alcohol) (SPVA) with the incorporation of (PO4-TiO2) and (SO4-TiO2) nanotubes as doping agents. The functionalization of PVA to SPVA was done by using a 4-sulfophthalic acid as an ionic crosslinker and sulfonating agent. Morphological and structural characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the successful synthesis of the doping agents and their incorporation into the polymer. The influence of PO4-TiO2 and SO4-TiO2 doping and their content on the physicochemical properties of the nanocomposite membranes was evaluated. Swelling degree and water uptake gradually reduced to 7% and 13%, respectively, with increasing doping agent concentration. Ion exchange capacity and ionic conductivity of the membrane with 3 wt.% doping agents were raised 5 and 7 times, respectively, compared to the undoped one. The thermal and oxidative stability and tensile strength also increased with the doping content. Furthermore, lower borohydride permeability (0.32 × 10−6 cm2 s−1) was measured for the membranes with higher amount of inorganic doping agents when compared to the undoped membrane (0.71 × 10−5 cm2 s−1) and Nafion®117 (0.40 × 10−6 cm2 s−1). These results pave the way for a green, simple and low-cost approach for the development of composite membranes for practical DBFCs.

TiO2-Si- or SrTiO3-Si-impregnated PVA–based low-cost proton exchange membranes for application in microbial fuel cell

Ionics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 6195-6205
Author(s):  
G. D. Bhowmick ◽  
Dhruba Dhar ◽  
M. M. Ghangrekar ◽  
R. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(OXY-1,4-PHENYLENESULFONYL-1,4-PHENYLENE) FOR PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANES

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
ANDRÉS PACHECO LANCHEROS ◽  
AURA LOMBANA PUERTA ◽  
ÁLVARO REALPE JIMÉNEZ ◽  
DINA MENDOZA BELTRAN ◽  
MARÍA TERESA ACEVEDO MORANTES
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Cell Technology

Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs) are materials developed with a focus on high-performance, low-cost features to achieve promising fuel cell technology in stationary, portable, and transportation facilities. In this study, we synthesized membranes from Poly (oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene) (PES) sulfonated with modification by adding nanoclay to improve the mechanical properties of PEMs. The sulfonation time and the concentration of nanoclays directly favored properties such as contact angle, water absorption, porosity, and mechanical properties. However, a higher concentration of nanoclays (e.g., 10% by weight) damages the mechanical properties of PES membranes specifically. The membrane with 5% by weight of nanoclay and a sulfonation time of 2 h achieved the best performance.

Nanocomposite SPEEK/Titania Nanosheets (TNS) Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 421-422 ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora Marani ◽  
S. Licoccia ◽  
Enrico Traversa ◽  
Masaru Miyayama
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Exchange Membrane

SPEEK-based composite membranes containing various amounts of titania nanosheets (TNS) as inorganic fillers were investigated for proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications. The samples were characterized for water uptake, proton conductivity (EIS), and structural features (SEM and XRD). Composites at low inorganic additive contents exhibited improved properties in terms of proton conductivity and water uptake behavior. Best improvements were observed for the composite containing only 0.95 wt% of TNS. This result could be associated to the unique nature of the two dimensional nanostructure of the inorganic additive.

scholarly journals Novel Crosslinked Sulfonated PVA/PEO Doped with Phosphated Titanium Oxide Nanotubes as Effective Green Cation Exchange Membrane for Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2050
Author(s):  
Marwa H. Gouda ◽  
Noha A. Elessawy ◽  
Arafat Toghan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) is a type of low temperature fuel cell which requires efficient and low cost proton exchange membranes in order to commercialize it. Herein, a binary polymer blend was formulated from inexpensive and ecofriendly polymers, namely polyethylene oxide (PEO) and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA). Phosphated titanium oxide nanotube (PO4TiO2) was synthesized from a simple impregnation–calcination method and later embedded for the first time as a doping agent into this polymeric matrix with a percentage of 1–3 wt%. The membranes’ physicochemical properties such as oxidative stability and tensile strength were enhanced with increasing doping addition, while the borohydride permeability, water uptake, and swelling ratio of the membranes decreased with increasing PO4TiO2 weight percentage. However, the ionic conductivity and power density increased to 28 mS cm−1 and 72 mWcm−2 respectively for the membrane with 3 wt% of PO4TiO2 which achieved approximately 99% oxidative stability and 40.3 MPa tensile strength, better than Nafion117 (92% RW and 25 MPa). The fabricated membrane with the optimum properties (PVA/PEO/PO4TiO2-3) achieved higher selectivity than Nafion117 and could be efficient as a proton exchange membrane in the development of green and low cost DBFCs.

Development of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Polymers as Proton Exchange Membranes and Challenges in Fuel Cell Application: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Yik Wong ◽  
Wai Yin Wong ◽  
Kee Shyuan Loh ◽  
Wan Ramli Wan Daud ◽  
Kean Long Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Fuel Cell Application

scholarly journals A Highly Selective Novel Green Cation Exchange Membrane Doped with Ceramic Nanotubes Material for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5664
Author(s):  
Marwa H. Gouda ◽  
Tamer M. Tamer ◽  
Mohamed S. Mohy Eldin
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Ceramic Nanotubes ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Herein, a pair of inexpensive and eco-friendly polymers were blended and formulated based on poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA). FTIR, XRD, EDX and TEM techniques were used to describe a Phosphated titanium oxide (PO4TiO2) nanotube synthesised using a straightforward impregnation-calcination procedure. For the first time, the produced nanoparticles were inserted as a doping agent into this polymeric matrix at a concentration of (1–3) wt.%. FTIR, TGA, DSC and XRD were used to identify the formed composite membranes. Furthermore, because there are more hydrogen bonds generated between the polymer’s functional groups and oxygen functional groups PO4TiO2, oxidative stability and tensile strength are improved with increasing doping addition and obtain better results than Nafion117. The permeability of methanol reduced as the weight % of PO4TiO2 increased. In addition, the ionic conductivity of the membrane with 3 wt.% PO4-TiO2 is raised to (28 mS cm−1). The optimised membrane (PVA/PEO/PO4TiO2-3) had a higher selectivity (6.66 × 105 S cm−3 s) than Nafion117 (0.24 × 105 S cm−3 s) and can be used as a proton exchange membrane in the development of green and low-cost DMFCs.

Polyoxadiazoles as proton exchange membranes for fuel cell application

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Kobzar ◽  
Kateryna Fatyeyeva ◽  
Corinne Chappey ◽  
Nicolas Désilles ◽  
Stéphane Marais
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Cell Technology ◽  
Fuel Cell Technology ◽  
Fuel Cell Application ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Structure Properties

Abstract The number of researches on the ion exchange membrane has increased considerably in recent years showing interest in fuel cell technology for the automobile and portable applications. The most promising fuel cell technology for low-temperature operation (80 °C < T < 150 °C) uses a polymer membrane separating the anode and cathode compartments in an electrochemical cell. Polyoxadiazoles (PODs) belong to a class of heterocyclic polymers, which possess a number of unique properties, such as thermal, mechanical, and chemical resistance. In the present review, numerous ways of POD synthesis are discussed in relation to their functional properties. In addition, different approaches to the elaboration of POD-based composite membranes are discussed in details in order to reveal the structure/properties relationship.

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