scholarly journals Sustainable Design Approach for Modeling Bioprocesses from Laboratory toward Commercialization: Optimizing Chitosan Production

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Samir Meramo ◽  
Ángel Darío González-Delgado ◽  
Sumesh Sukumara ◽  
William Stive Fajardo ◽  
Jeffrey León-Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Process Optimization ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
Bioprocess Modeling ◽  
Sustainability Footprint

Enhancing the biochemical supply chain towards sustainable development requires more efforts to boost technology innovation at early design phases and avoid delays in industrial biotechnology growth. Such a transformation requires a comprehensive step-wise procedure to guide bioprocess development from laboratory protocols to commercialization. This study introduces a process design framework to guide research and development (R&D) through this journey, bearing in mind the particular challenges of bioprocess modeling. The method combines sustainability assessment and process optimization based on process efficiency indicators, technical indicators, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and process optimization via Water Regeneration Networks (WRN). Since many bioprocesses remain at low Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs), the process simulation module was examined in detail to account for uncertainties, providing strategies for successful guidance. The sustainability assessment was performed using the geometric mean-based sustainability footprint metric. A case study based on Chitosan production from shrimp exoskeletons was evaluated to demonstrate the method’s applicability and its advantages in product optimization. An optimized scenario was generated through a WRN to improve water management, then compared with the case study. The results confirm the existence of a possible configuration with better sustainability performance for the optimized case with a sustainability footprint of 0.33, compared with the performance of the base case (1.00).

scholarly journals Techno Commercial Analysis of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Recovery From Natural Gas Using Aspen HYSYS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Ali ◽  
Muhammad Zafar ◽  
Ashfaq Ahmed ◽  
Hafiz Kamran Zaman ◽  
Abdul Razzaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
Aspen Hysys ◽  
Process Energy

Liquefied petroleum gas is an alternative, relatively clean and a supreme source of energy, which is being used as a key component in the global energy supply. The international trade agreements and the chemical and non-chemical demand of liquefied petroleum gas with the increase in the world’s population have brought its production from the processing of natural gas to the limelight. During its processing, a variety of different components are extracted from it, including methane and ethane which remains in the bulk as natural gas. The objective of this research work is to find the capability of investigating the liquefied petroleum gas recovery performance to make the process economical by saving the processing cost and energy. The novelty of this work is to deal with the design and simulation of a liquefied petroleum gas plant using Aspen HYSYS. To make this process energy efficient and economical, different schemes of process alternatives were applied by reducing the sizes of the exchanger and other pieces of equipment. Three cases are studied in which feed is precooled by rerouting the stream and/or by repositioning of the chiller for the recovery of liquefied petroleum gas from natural gas by analyzing their cost and process parameters. The modelling and simulation base case and three different case studies are realized in Aspen HYSYS. It has been observed that case study 2 results in about 10% increase in LPG production where the chiller is repositioned in the separation section of the LPG production flowsheet. Case study 3 shows a maximum decrease in hot side utilities in the flowsheet of about 20% while 10 and 14% decreases are observed for case studies 1 and 2, respectively. Furthermore, economic analysis indicates about 18 and 22% in the capital cost for case studies 2 and 3, respectively, due to the lower size of process units. The outcome of this investigation is to present plenty of suggestions to improve the process efficiency and minimize the requirement to over design the plant components.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Remote Community Infrastructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie E. Filer ◽  
Justin D. Delorit ◽  
Andrew J. Hoisington ◽  
Steven J. Schuldt
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Remote Community ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Study Results

Remote communities such as rural villages, post-disaster housing camps, and military forward operating bases are often located in remote and hostile areas with limited or no access to established infrastructure grids. Operating these communities with conventional assets requires constant resupply, which yields a significant logistical burden, creates negative environmental impacts, and increases costs. For example, a 2000-member isolated village in northern Canada relying on diesel generators required 8.6 million USD of fuel per year and emitted 8500 tons of carbon dioxide. Remote community planners can mitigate these negative impacts by selecting sustainable technologies that minimize resource consumption and emissions. However, the alternatives often come at a higher procurement cost and mobilization requirement. To assist planners with this challenging task, this paper presents the development of a novel infrastructure sustainability assessment model capable of generating optimal tradeoffs between minimizing environmental impacts and minimizing life-cycle costs over the community’s anticipated lifespan. Model performance was evaluated using a case study of a hypothetical 500-person remote military base with 864 feasible infrastructure portfolios and 48 procedural portfolios. The case study results demonstrated the model’s novel capability to assist planners in identifying optimal combinations of infrastructure alternatives that minimize negative sustainability impacts, leading to remote communities that are more self-sufficient with reduced emissions and costs.

scholarly journals Implementing Sustainability in Retrofitting Heritage Buildings. Case Study: Villa Antoniadis, Alexandria, Egypt

Heritage ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Khalil ◽  
Naglaa Hammouda ◽  
Khaled El-Deeb
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Heritage Buildings

Sustainable design is believed to stand on the opposite side of heritage conservation. This view is supported by the fact that sustainable design requires invasive measures to implement new technologies and treatments that challenge the principle of minimum intervention in heritage conservation. Another point of view sees heritage conservation as an already act of sustainable development that protects and preserves social and cultural resources such as heritage buildings and their intangible values. On the other hand, research and practice have proven that heritage buildings can be the subjects of sustainable design projects that achieve outstanding measures of sustainability and energy efficiency while not compromising the authenticity of the heritage value of the building. This sustainable conservation reaches its peak in adaptive-reuse projects of heritage buildings as reusing the building guarantees its ongoing maintenance and promotes its social, cultural and economic values to society, while giving it the ability to withstand modern users’ comfort and energy efficiency standards. This research presents a case study of the adaptive-reuse project of Villa Antoniadis in Alexandria; a heritage building built in the mid-nineteenth century and in the process of a major adaptive-reuse project. The history and significance of the building will be studied as well as the conservation values of the current project, then some proposals for interventions that could achieve more energy efficiency for the project while conserving the building are discussed. The research included a simulation of the building, using building energy modelling software for the current adaptive-reuse project as a base case, and the hypothetical application of different proposed sustainable interventions such as thermal insulation, double glazing, shading, lighting control, natural ventilation, and photovoltaic energy generation, where the energy savings potentials for each proposed intervention were studied. The simulation proved a possible reduction of 36.5% in the cooling, heating and lighting energy consumption as well as generated 74.7% of the energy required for cooling, heating and lighting from renewable energy sources.

Undersaturated Hydrocarbon Reservoir Waterflooding: A simulation Approach to Performance Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adekunle Tirimisiyu Adeniyi ◽  
Miracle Imwonsa Osatemple ◽  
Abdulwahab Giwa
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Recovery Method ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir

Abstract There are a good numbers of brown hydrocarbon reservoirs, with a substantial amount of bypassed oil. These reservoirs are said to be brown, because a huge chunk of its recoverable oil have been produced. Since a significant number of prominent oil fields are matured and the number of new discoveries is declining, it is imperative to assess performances of waterflooding in such reservoirs; taking an undersaturated reservoir as a case study. It should be recalled that Waterflooding is widely accepted and used as a means of secondary oil recovery method, sometimes after depletion of primary energy sources. The effects of permeability distribution on flood performances is of concerns in this study. The presence of high permeability streaks could lead to an early water breakthrough at the producers, thus reducing the sweep efficiency in the field. A solution approach adopted in this study was reserve water injection. A reverse approach because, a producing well is converted to water injector while water injector well is converted to oil producing well. This optimization method was applied to a waterflood process carried out on a reservoir field developed by a two - spot recovery design in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria that is being used as a case study. Simulation runs were carried out with a commercial reservoir oil simulator. The result showed an increase in oil production with a significant reduction in water-cut. The Net Present Value, NPV, of the project was re-evaluated with present oil production. The results of the waterflood optimization revealed that an increase in the net present value of up to 20% and an increase in cumulative production of up to 27% from the base case was achieved. The cost of produced water treatment for re-injection and rated higher water pump had little impact on the overall project economy. Therefore, it can conclude that changes in well status in wells status in an heterogenous hydrocarbon reservoir will increase oil production.

Life-cycle sustainability assessment of pavement maintenance alternatives: Methodology and case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 659-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Zheng ◽  
Said M. Easa ◽  
Zhengxian Yang ◽  
Tao Ji ◽  
Zhenliang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Pavement Maintenance

scholarly journals Life Cycle Costing in Sustainability Assessment—A Case Study of Remanufactured Alternators

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 2268-2288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin M. Schau ◽  
Marzia Traverso ◽  
Annekatrin Lehmann ◽  
Matthias Finkbeiner
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle Costing
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