scholarly journals Polysaccharides in Agro-Industrial Biomass Residues

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-120
Author(s):  
Márcio Araújo de Souza ◽  
Isis Tavares Vilas-Boas ◽  
Jôse Maria Leite-da-Silva ◽  
Pérsia do Nascimento Abrahão ◽  
Barbara E. Teixeira-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Physico Chemical

The large-scale industrial use of polysaccharides to obtain energy is one of the most discussed subjects in science. However, modern concepts of biorefinery have promoted the diversification of the use of these polymers in several bioproducts incorporating concepts of sustainability and the circular economy. This work summarizes the major sources of agro-industrial residues, physico-chemical properties, and recent application trends of cellulose, chitin, hyaluronic acid, inulin, and pectin. These macromolecules were selected due to their industrial importance and valuable functional and biological applications that have aroused market interests, such as for the production of medicines, cosmetics, and sustainable packaging. Estimations of global industrial residue production based on major crop data from the United States Department of Agriculture were performed for cellulose content from maize, rice, and wheat, showing that these residues may contain up to 18%, 44%, and 35% of cellulose and 45%, 22%, and 22% of hemicellulose, respectively. The United States (~32%), China (~20%), and the European Union (~18%) are the main countries producing cellulose and hemicellulose-rich residues from maize, rice, and wheat crops, respectively. Pectin and inulin are commonly obtained from fruit (~30%) and vegetable (~28%) residues, while chitin and hyaluronic acid are primarily found in animal waste, e.g., seafood (~3%) and poultry (~4%).

scholarly journals Exotic Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States: Biology, Ecology, and Strategies for Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany L Schappach ◽  
Rayda K Krell ◽  
Victoria L Hornbostel ◽  
Neeta P Connally
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Multiple Pathogens

Abstract The Asian longhorned tick (ALT), Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae), is a three-host tick that was first detected outside of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) quarantine in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, in 2017 and subsequently found in another 14 states. In its native Asia, and where it has become established in Australia and New Zealand, ALTs feed on a variety of hosts and are economically important livestock pests and competent vectors of multiple pathogens to humans and other animals. The degree to which ALT will become a persistent livestock pest or competent vector for introduced or existing pathogens in the United States is yet unclear. Because of its vast host availability, ability to reproduce asexually, known vector competence, and the presence of multiple life stages on hosts, the expansion of ALT establishment in the United States is expected, and is a significant public health and veterinary concern. In this paper, we discuss the biology, geographical distribution, life cycle and seasonal activity, reproduction, identification, medical and veterinary implications, management options, and future concerns in the United States.

scholarly journals Historical rainfall analysis and climate implications for agriculture in midwest United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jane Marie Niemeyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Analysis ◽  
Midwest United States ◽  
Agriculture Soil ◽  
Increasing Precipitation

A historical analysis of precipitation using 72 years of data from Midwest stations focuses on the implications of climate change for agricultural interests. The number of precipitation events, consecutive days of precipitation, and a Fourier transformation on precipitation are included. Although increased precipitation can be of benefit in agricultural production resulting in yield benefits in the Midwest, excessive rainfall events lead to runoff, which does not improve soil water content and plant available water. To examine the beneficial nature of rainfall events in the Midwest, rainfall retention is estimated using the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS/SCS) method. This method can be described briefly as an empirical formula estimating the soil's ability to store water and the amount of runoff. It was found that not only has rainfall increased but so have the number of rainfall days and the number of consecutive days of rainfall. To appricultural focus, spring and fall rainfall days were also found to increase implying that farmers may have fewer days to complete fieldwork in the current climate. With increasing precipitation, the potential for runoff also increases, losing valuable water needed for crops and contributing to lost nutrients in the soil.

scholarly journals American–Japanese Expedition to Hokkaido to Collect Berry Crops in 2004

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 993A-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim E. Hummer ◽  
Tom Davis ◽  
Hiroyuki Iketani ◽  
Hiroyuki Imanishi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of New Hampshire

Genetic resources of temperate berry crops were collected 7 to 27 July 2004 in Hokkaido, Japan, under a bilateral agreement between the United States and Japan. This expedition was a collaborative effort between the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), the University of New Hampshire, and Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture, Japan. Additional assistance was provided by the Hokkaido Governmental Plant Genetic Resources Center, several Forest Research Stations of the Hokkaido University, and private botanists. The expedition obtained 100 accessions encompassing eight genera and 29 species. In all, 84 seedlots, and 23 plants were obtained. The genera collected included: Actinidia, Fragaria, Lonicera, Morus, Ribes, Rubus, Sambucus, and Vaccinium. Plant and seed accessions from this trip are preserved and distributed from the USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis, Ore., and from MAFF. The target genus for this expedition was Fragaria, so the trip was planned for July. Multiple samples of the two Japanese diploid strawberry species, Fragaria iinumae Makino and F. nipponica Makino (synonym = F. yezoensis H. Hara) were obtained during their prime ripening time. Ribes, Rubus, and Vaccinium fruits ripened later in the summer, but were collected when fruit were observed. Unfortunately, seeds of some of these accessions proved to be immature or nonviable upon extraction. We suggest that expeditions to collect these genera should be planned for late August. Morphological and molecular evaluation of collected germplasm is underway at the USDA ARS Corvallis Repository and at the University of New Hampshire.

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