THE IMPORTANCE OF SOIL FACTORS FOR CROPS IN AGRICULTURE

This article presents the high yields of crops due to the improvement of the factors and propertiesof soil that are necessary for plants. This is due to the fact that the application of organic fertilizers, ie composts, at 20 t/ha, the agrophysical and agrochemical properties of the soil are optimal, water, air, heat and nutrient regimesof the soil are improved at the level of plant demand. In this process, the growth, development and high yields of crops are ensured. KEYWORDS: Agriculture, soil productivity, agrophysical properties, agrochemical properties, fertilizers, nutrients, moisture, soil fertility.

Mapping of soil degradation potential in Nguntoronadi District Wonogiri Regency

Soil is the most important component in agriculture. Soil degradation is caused by improper soil management, unpatterned planting, and homogeneous rainfall. Mapping of potential soil degradation was a process of identifying initial conditions to determine areas that have the potential in soil physical, chemical, and biological degradation. The purpose of this study was to create a map of Soil Degradation Potency (SDP). The research was conducted in Nguntoronadi district, Wonogiri. The mapping used a guided-qualification method and was assisted by ArcGIS application for overlaying the maps according to standard procedures, and the resulting value of soil degradation potency. The results showed the soil degradation potency was slightly in 454 hectares, moderate in 5,186 hectares, and high in 192 hectares. The research area was dominated by moderate to high degradation. Land management requires more attention according to soil conservation and sustainability. Further research is needed to determine the actual level of soil degradation to obtain recommendations for sustainable land management.

Urban mining by flash Joule heating

Precious metal recovery from electronic waste, termed urban mining, is important for a circular economy. Present methods for urban mining, mainly smelting and leaching, suffer from lengthy purification processes and negative environmental impacts. Here, a solvent-free and sustainable process by flash Joule heating is disclosed to recover precious metals and remove hazardous heavy metals in electronic waste within one second. The sample temperature ramps to ~3400 K in milliseconds by the ultrafast electrical thermal process. Such a high temperature enables the evaporative separation of precious metals from the supporting matrices, with the recovery yields >80% for Rh, Pd, Ag, and >60% for Au. The heavy metals in electronic waste, some of which are highly toxic including Cr, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb, are also removed, leaving a final waste with minimal metal content, acceptable even for agriculture soil levels. Urban mining by flash Joule heating would be 80× to 500× less energy consumptive than using traditional smelting furnaces for metal-component recovery and more environmentally friendly.

Historical rainfall analysis and climate implications for agriculture in midwest United States

A historical analysis of precipitation using 72 years of data from Midwest stations focuses on the implications of climate change for agricultural interests. The number of precipitation events, consecutive days of precipitation, and a Fourier transformation on precipitation are included. Although increased precipitation can be of benefit in agricultural production resulting in yield benefits in the Midwest, excessive rainfall events lead to runoff, which does not improve soil water content and plant available water. To examine the beneficial nature of rainfall events in the Midwest, rainfall retention is estimated using the United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS/SCS) method. This method can be described briefly as an empirical formula estimating the soil's ability to store water and the amount of runoff. It was found that not only has rainfall increased but so have the number of rainfall days and the number of consecutive days of rainfall. To appricultural focus, spring and fall rainfall days were also found to increase implying that farmers may have fewer days to complete fieldwork in the current climate. With increasing precipitation, the potential for runoff also increases, losing valuable water needed for crops and contributing to lost nutrients in the soil.

SOSIALISASI INOVASI TEKNOLOGI BIDANG PERTANIAN DI KAMPUNG PONDOK BALES DESA LEMAH SUBUR

ABSTRAKPengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mensosialisasikan dan mengaplikasikan inovasi teknologi dalam bidang pertanian, yaitu alat deteksi kesuburan tanah. Peserta yang dilibatkan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini yaitu perwakilan aparat desa, petani dan para pemuda Karang Taruna. Rangkaian kegiatan ini meliputi 3 tahapan yaitu: Tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaaan dan tahap evaluasi. Tahap persiapan meliputi perizinan dan persiapan peserta serta persiapan pemateri. Tahap pelaksanaan meliputi pembukaan, pemaparan mengenai alat deteksi kesuburan tanah dilanjutkan dengan diskusi dan tanya jawab peserta yang hadir, kemudian mempraktekan cara menggunakan alat deteksi tersebut, serah terima benih beserta tanaman dan alat deteksi untuk dimanfaatkan dan diaplikasikan dimasyarakat. Pada tahap evaluasi, peserta mengisi kuesioner yang telah disediakan, hasil kuesioner yaitu meliputi: aspek presentasi yang disampaikan pemateri memiliki nilai 73%, aspek atensi yang disampaikan oleh pemateri bernilai 76%, aspek komprehensif bernilai 86%, dan aspek hasil dengan nilai 84%. Serta aspek kognitif bernilai 80%, aspek afektif 87% dan aspek konatif 84%. Maka rata-rata semua aspek yaitu bernilai 82%. Kata kunci: pertanian; kesuburan tanah. ABSTRACTCommunity service aims to socialize and apply technological innovations in agriculture, that is a soil fertility detection tool. Participants involved in this service activity were representatives of village officials, farmers and youth from the Youth Organization. This series of activities includes 3 stages, namely: the preparation stage, the implementation stage and the evaluation stage. The preparation stage includes licensing and preparation of participants as well as the preparation of the presenters. The implementation stage includes opening, explaining about soil fertility detection tools, followed by discussion and questions and answers from the participants who attended. Then practice how to use the detection tool, hand over the seeds and plants and the detection tool to be used and applied in the community. For activity evaluation materials, the results obtained from the questionnaires that have been filled in by the activity participants are: the presentation aspect explained by the speaker has a value of 73%. the attention aspect is delivered by the speaker was 76%. comprehensive aspect has a value 86%, and the results aspect with a value of 84%. And the cognitive aspect has a value of 80%. 87% affective aspects and 84% conative aspects. Then the average of all aspects is worth 82%. Keywords: agriculture; soil fertility.

Microbes: Food for the Future

Current projections estimate that in 2050 about 10 billion people will inhabit the earth and food production will need to increase by more than 60%. Food security will therefore represent a matter of global concern not easily tackled with current agriculture practices and curbed by the increasing scarcity of natural resources and climate change. Disrupting technologies are urgently needed to improve the efficiency of the food production system and to reduce the negative externalities of agriculture (soil erosion, desertification, air pollution, water and soil contamination, biodiversity loss, etc.). Among the most innovative technologies, the production of microbial protein (MP) in controlled and intensive systems called “bioreactors” is receiving increasing attention from research and industry. MP has low arable land requirements, does not directly compete with crop-based food commodities, and uses fertilizers with an almost 100% efficiency. This review considers the potential and limitations of four MP sources currently tested at pilot level or sold as food or feed ingredients: hydrogen oxidizing bacteria (HOB), methanotrophs, fungi, and microalgae (cyanobacteria). The environmental impacts (energy, land, water use, and GHG emissions) of these MP sources are compared with those of plant, animal, insect, and cultured meat-based proteins. Prices are reported to address whether MP may compete with traditional protein sources. Microalgae cultivation under artificial light is discussed as a strategy to ensure independence from weather conditions, continuous operation over the year, as well as high-quality biomass. The main challenges to the spreading of MP use are discussed.

Assessment of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Land: A Literature Review Based on Bibliometric Analysis

A great amount of negative influence on human existence and environmental protection has been brought on by heavy metal pollution in agriculture soil. Thus, major awareness has been diverted to the evaluation of heavy metals (EHM) in agricultural land, which is used to improve the environment and ensure people’s health. Based on 3759 publications collected from the Web of Science Core CollectionTM (WoS), this paper’s aim is to illustrate a comprehensive bibliometric run-through and visualization of the subject of EHM. Contingent on influential authors, top institutions, keywords are discussed in detail. Afterwards, the ruling publications and focal assemblage of EHM and leading publications are analyzed to discover the main research topics, according to citation analysis and reference co-citation analysis. The main motive of the paper is to assist research workers interested in the area of EHM determine the ongoing potential research opportunities and hotspots.

WMSN: ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL SOIL ENVIRONMENT MONITORING USING WIRELESS MULTIMEDIA SENSOR NETWORK

This paper proposes an environmental monitoring for agriculture soil using Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network. WMSN is used to monitor the agriculture soil environment. In order to ensure optimal use of the sensor nodes in WMSN and accurate access to the collected data, the routing protocols with both energy efficiency and quality of service ( QoS) properties are necessary for the transmission of photo, video and scalar data. This paper proposes a priority aware energy efficient QoS based data transmission for agriculture soil environment and also detects the pest. It utilizes the available bandwidth and data rate in the best way and in order to be more energy efficient during data transmission. For performance analysis, the proposed system is simulated using Java and the results of the experiments suggest that the proposed algorithm is more efficient compared to other methods in terms of delay and energy consumption. The sink node provides the solution based on these collected values.