scholarly journals Fractional Factorial Design Study for the Extraction of Cannabinoids from CBD-Dominant Cannabis Flowers by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Processes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Sadia Qamar ◽  
Yady J. M. Torres ◽  
Harendra S. Parekh ◽  
James Robert Falconer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Design Study ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The optimization of the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of cannabinoids, using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), was investigated in a fractional factorial design study. It is hypothesized that four main parameters (temperature, pressure, dry flower weight, and extraction time) play an important role. Therefore, these parameters were screened at predetermined low, medium, and high relative levels. The density of scCO2 was used as a factor for the extraction of cannabinoids by changing the pressure and temperature. The robustness of the mathematical model was also evaluated by regression analysis. The quantification of major (cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol acid (THCA-A)) and minor (cannabidivann (CBDV), tetrahydrocannabivann (THCV), cannabigerolic acid (CBG), cannabigerol (CBGA), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabichomere (CBC)) cannabinoids in the scCO2 extract was performed by RP-HPLC analysis. From the model response, it was identified that long extraction time is a significant parameter to obtain a high yield of cannabinoids in the scCO2 extract. Higher relative concentrations of CBD(A) (0.78 and 2.41% w/w, respectively) and THC(A) (0.084 and 0.048% w/w, respectively) were found when extraction was performed at high relative pressures and temperatures (250 bar and 45 °C). The higher yield of CBD(A) compared to THC(A) can be attributed to the extract being a CBD-dominant cannabis strain. The study revealed that conventional organic solvent extraction, e.g., ethanol gives a marginally higher yield of cannabinoids from the extract compared to scCO2 extraction. However, scCO2 extraction generates a cleaner (chlorophyll-free) and organic solvent-free extract, which requires less downstream processing, such as purification from waxes and chlorophyll.

scholarly journals Determination of Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids inHedyotis diffusaUsing Hyphenated Ultrasound-Assisted Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction and Chromatography

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chi Wei ◽  
Yu-Chiao Yang ◽  
Show-Jen Hong
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Static Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) were extracted fromHedyotis diffusausing a hyphenated procedure of ultrasound-assisted and supercritical carbon dioxide (HSC–CO2) extraction at different temperatures, pressures, cosolvent percentages, and SC–CO2flow rates. The results indicated that these parameters significantly affected the extraction yield. The maximal yields of OA (0.917 mg/g of dry plant) and UA (3.540 mg/g of dry plant) were obtained at a dynamic extraction time of 110 min, a static extraction time of 15 min, 28.2 MPa, and 56°C with a 12.5% (v/v) cosolvent (ethanol/water = 82/18, v/v) and SC–CO2flowing at 2.3 mL/min (STP). The extracted yields were then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify the OA and UA. The present findings revealed thatH. diffusais a potential source of OA and UA. In addition, using the hyphenated procedure for extraction is a promising and alternative process for recovering OA and UA fromH. diffusaat high concentrations.

scholarly journals Extraction of essential oils from lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) by hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Atti-Santos ◽  
Marcelo Rossato ◽  
Luciana Atti Serafini ◽  
Eduardo Cassel ◽  
Patrick Moyna
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Supercritical Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Citrus Latifolia ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

In this work lime essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide. In the case of hydrodistillation, the parameters evaluated were extraction time and characteristics of the plant material. In supercritical extraction, the parameters evaluated were temperature, pressure, CO2 flow, extraction time and material characteristics. Considering citral content, the best results for hydrodistillation were obtained with a distillation time of 3 hours using whole peels. The best results for supercritical extraction were found using 60ºC, 90 bar, at a CO2 flow rate of 1 mL/ min for 30 minutes using milled peels. The best yields of lime oil were obtained by hydrodistillation (5.45% w/w) and supercritical extraction (7.93% w/w) for milled peels.

scholarly journals Glycosylation of Stannyl Ceramides Promoted by Modified Montmorillonite­ in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Synthesis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (03) ◽  
pp. 593-598
Author(s):  
José Morales-Serna ◽  
Bao Nguyen ◽  
Eréndira García-Ríos ◽  
Rubén Gaviño ◽  
Jorge Cárdenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Efficient Synthesis ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The direct glycosylation of ceramides in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) successfully proceeded to produce β-glycolipids in high yield and with full stereoselectivity. The reaction is promoted by montmorillonite modified with a superacid (CF3SO3H). The value of this protocol was demonstrated in the efficient synthesis of isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGB3).

scholarly journals Impregnation of poly(L-lactide-ran-δ-valerolactone) with essential bark oil using supercritical carbon dioxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikara Tsutsumi ◽  
Souta Manabe ◽  
Susumu Nakayama ◽  
Yuushou Nakayama ◽  
Takeshi Shiono
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Azeotropic Distillation ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Abstract This work studied the incorporation of essential bark oil from Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae, which is known to repel various insects, in poly(L-lactide-ran-δ-valerolactone) [poly(L-LA-ran-VL)] using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). The poly(L-LA-ran-VL) was synthesized by first purifying the monomers by azeotropic distillation with benzene, followed by polymerization with Sn(oct)2 using the same equipment, representing an efficient one-pot process. The copolymerization of L-LA with VL using this technique at a feed ratio of 90/10 mol/mol gave poly(L-LA-ran-VL) (91/9) with a molecular weight of 6.48 × 104 g/mol and a high yield of 74.9%. Products with molecular weights over 5.0 × 104 g/mol were obtained at L-LA feed proportions of 70 to 90%. Impregnation trials were conducted between 40 and 120 °C at 14 MPa for 3 h. The oil content of a 73/27 specimen was found to increase significantly during processing at 100 or 120 °C. During enzymatic degradation with proteinase K, the 91/9 specimen showed the fastest degradation rate. Although the 71/29 sample was slowly hydrolyzed in a phosphate buffer at pH 7.0, the release of oil vapor from this material was slightly higher than that from the 91/9 specimen, and the vapor release rate continuously increased throughout the hydrolysis process.

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