scholarly journals The Effect of Deinking Process on Bioethanol Production from Waste Banknote Paper

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1563
Author(s):  
Omid Yazdani Aghmashhadi ◽  
Ghasem Asadpour ◽  
Esmaeil Rasooly Garmaroody ◽  
Majid Zabihzadeh ◽  
Lisandra Rocha-Meneses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Chemical Pretreatments

The aim of this paper is to study the effect of reinking and pretreatment of waste banknote paper on its usability in the bioethanol production process. To this end, the tensile strength of worn banknote paper was first studied at different pH values. The sample with the lowest tensile strength was considered for the next sections. In the deinking process, NaOH at different concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and in combination with ultrasonic treatment was applied. After deinking the pulp, two acidic and alkaline chemical pretreatments with concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% were used independently and in combination with ultrasonic. Enzymatic hydrolysis, following fermentation with Scheffersomyces stipitis, and crystallinity measurements were used to confirm the efficiency of the pretreatments. RSM Design Expert software was used to determine the optimal values by considering the three variables—enzyme loading, ultrasonic loading, and contact time for waste paper deinked (WPD) and waste paper blank (WPB) pulps. The results indicated that repulping was the most efficient at pH = 2. In deinking, the highest brightness was obtained using 3% NaOH in combination with ultrasonic. Between the acid and alkaline pretreatment, the acid treatment was more appropriate according to the resulting sugar concentration and weight loss. XRD tests confirmed that the lowest crystallinity index was obtained in the sample pretreated with 4% sulfuric acid in combination with ultrasonic. The highest sugar concentration in the enzymatic hydrolysis step was 92 g/L for WPD and 81 g/L for WPB. For the fermentation at 96 h, the highest ethanol concentration and process efficiency achieved were 38 g/L and 80.9% for WPD and 31 g/L and 75.04% for WPB, respectively. Our research shows that the deinking process can widen the utilization potential of waste banknote paper in biorefinery processes.

Waste paper as a cheap source of natural fibre to reinforce polyester resin in production of bio-composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sekhar Das ◽  
Santanu Basak ◽  
Manik Bhowmick ◽  
Sajal K. Chattopadhyay ◽  
Manoj G. Ambare
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Fibre Direction ◽  
Composite Samples

Abstract A low cost composite material was prepared by using waste newspaper and polyester resin. The waste newspaper used in the study was characterized by chemical and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods, and tensile strength was measured. Waste newspaper contains holocellulose of about 83.2% and the crystallinity index of the newspaper is 64.2. Composite samples were fabricated with three different fibre contents, namely 25%, 33%, and 48% (by weight). It was observed that on increasing the fibre content from 25% to 48%, the tensile strength and the modulus also increased by 54%–40%, respectively, along the fibre direction. It was observed that with 48% (w/w) fibre content, the waste paper composite yielded 70 MPa tensile strength and 6 GPa modulus in the fibre direction and 19 MPa tensile strength and 2.41 GPa modulus in the cross direction. The newspaper composite samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.

scholarly journals Effects of pH on Nanofibrillation of TEMPO-Oxidized Paper Mulberry Bast Fibers

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Park ◽  
Chan-Woo Park ◽  
Song-Yi Han ◽  
Gu-Joong Kwon ◽  
Nam-Hun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Electrostatic Repulsion ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Tempo Oxidation ◽  
Bast Fibers ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Dependency ◽  
Effects Of Ph

TEMPO oxidation was conducted as a pretreatment to achieve efficient nanofibrillation of long paper mulberry bast fibers (PMBFs). The pH dependency of nanofibrillation efficiency and the characteristics of the resulting cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were investigated. As the pH increased, the negative value of the zeta potential of TEMPO-oxidized fibers increased. The increase in electrostatic repulsion at pH values of greater than 9 prevented the entanglement of long PMBFs, which was a drawback for defibrillation at acidic pH. With increasing pH, the CNF production yield was increased. The crystallinity index of TEMPO-oxidized CNFs from PMBFs was 83.5%, which was higher than that of TEMPO-oxidized CNFs from softwood fibers in the same conditions. The tensile strength of nanopaper from TEMPO-oxidized PMBF CNFs was 110.18 MPa, which was approximately 30% higher than that (84.19 MPa) of the TEMPO-oxidized CNFs from softwood fibers.

scholarly journals Analysis of pretreatments of sugar beet shreds for bioethanol production in respect of cellulose hydrolysis and waste flows

2011 ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Darjana Ivetic ◽  
Vesna Vasic ◽  
Marina Sciban ◽  
Mirjana Antov
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
Chemical Pretreatments ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

This paper analyzes some chemical pretreatments of sugar beet shreds concerning generated waste flows and yield of reducing sugars obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated material. Waste flows produced in pretreatments of sugar beet shreds originated from pectin and lignin removal from raw material. Suitability of substrates prepared in single and two-step pretreatment procedure for enzymatic hydrolysis was determined based on the yield of reducing sugars released by cellulase action on them, while different possibilities of processing of wastewaters were discussed based on the characteristic of waste flows.

scholarly journals Chemical Pretreatments on Residual Cocoa Pod Shell Biomass for Bioethanol Production

Bionatura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1490-1500
Author(s):  
Jose F. Alvarez-Barreto ◽  
Fernando Larrea ◽  
Maria C. Pinos C ◽  
Jose Benalcázar ◽  
Daniela Oña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Acid Pretreatment

Cocoa pod shell is an essential agricultural residue in Ecuador, and this study addressed its potential valorization for bioethanol production. For this, three types of pretreatments, acid, alkaline, and autohydrolysis, were applied to pod shells from two different cocoa types, national and CCN-51. to remove the lignin. Untreated and treated biomasses were characterized by composition, thermal stability, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FITR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The treated biomass was then enzymatically hydrolyzed with cellulase. Reducing sugars were quantified after pretreatments and enzymatic hydrolysis, and the pretreatment liquors and the enzymatic hydrolysates were subjected to alcoholic fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. There were substantial differences in composition between both biomasses, particularly in lignin content, with national cocoa having the lowest values. All pretreatment conditions had significant effects on biomass composition, structure, and thermal properties. After alkaline pretreatment, the biomass presented the highest cellulose and lowest lignin contents, resulting in the highest reducing sugar concentration in the pretreatment liquor. The highest lignin content was found after the acid pretreatment, which resulted in low, reducing sugar concentrations. Autohydrolysis produced similar results as the acid pretreatment; however, it resulted in the highest sugar concentration after enzymatic hydrolysis, while the acid-treated sample had negligible levels. After fermentation, there were no differences in productivity among the pretreatment liquors, but autohydrolysis had the largest ethanol yield. In the hydrolysates, it was also autohydrolysis that resulted in higher productivity and yield. Thus, there is an indication of the formation of inhibitors, both enzymatic activity and ethanol production, in the acid and alkaline pretreatments, and this should be tackled in future research. Nonetheless, given the crucial changes observed in biomass, we believe that cocoa pod shell pretreatment has potential for the generation of reducing sugars that could be further used in different bioprocesses, nor only bioethanol production.

Effect of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Starch Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 701-704
Author(s):  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Compound Structure ◽  
Starch Properties ◽  
Better Than

In this article, corn starch was modified by α-amylase with different hydrolytic time (30, 60, 90 and 120 min) and the effects of modification technology on its properties of viscosity, compound structure and mechanical were studied. The result showed that structure of modified starch was conserved with hydrolytic time increased, whereas tensile strength were increased and viscosity was decreased. The performance of modified starch that hydrolyzed by 30 min was better than others and pinholes were generated in the surface of starch granules

Effect of antioxidant extraction on the enzymatic hydrolysis and bioethanol production of the extracted steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingbo Li ◽  
Kejing Wu ◽  
Wenjuan Xiao ◽  
Jinjin Zhang ◽  
Jianghai Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Bioethanol Production
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