scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Behaviour of Marine Litter in Thermochemical Waste Treatment Processes

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Johann Hee ◽  
Kai Schlögel ◽  
Simone Lechthaler ◽  
Jacqueline Plaster ◽  
Kristina Bitter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Pyrolysis Condensate ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Do So

Plastic in the ocean, especially plastic on the ocean surface is not only researched intensively but also photos and reports rise awareness of the challenge in the general public. While research is concerned with the fate of marine litter in the environment, recycling of these materials after collection is rarely addressed, mainly because there is neither considerable data on composition nor a suggested process to do so. This study is the first to analyse and evaluate chemical recycling (pyrolysis, gasification) and energy recovery (incineration) of marine litter. Two heterogenous marine litter samples from Sylt and Norderney, North Sea, Germany, were analysed, consisting of six different material groups. Agricultural mulch foil was used as reference material. The thermochemical treatment processes were reproduced by thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, pyrolysis trials on a semi-technical scale were conducted and the residues were analysed by proximate, ultimate and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results indicate that heterogeneous and weathered material mixtures can be treated by thermochemical processes. Finally, the pyrolysis condensates are discussed as substrate for biotechnological upcycling. In summary, we present a comprehensive approach from the material characterisation of marine litter to the analysis of three different thermochemical treatment processes and the possibility to use the generated pyrolysis condensate for subsequent upcycling. The data collected form the basis for the evaluation and application of possible treatment options for the collected marine litter.

scholarly journals The “ReWaste4.0” Project—A Review

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Renato Sarc
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Mixed Waste ◽  
Further Development

ReWaste4.0 is an innovative and cooperative K-Project in the period 2017–2021. Through ReWaste4.0 the transformation of the non-hazardous mixed municipal and commercial waste treatment industry towards a circular economy has started by investigating and applying the new approaches of the Industry 4.0. Vision of the ReWaste4.0 is, among others, the development of treatment plants for non-hazardous waste into a “Smart Waste Factory” in which a digital communication and interconnection between material quality and machine as well as plant performance is reached. After four years of research and development, various results have been gained and the present review article summarizes, links and discuss the outputs (especially from peer-reviewed papers) of seven sub-projects, in total, within the K-project and discusses the main findings and their relevance and importance for further development of the waste treatment sector. Results are allocated into three areas, namely: contaminants in mixed waste and technical possibilities for their reduction as well as removal; secondary raw and energy materials in mixed waste and digitalization in waste characterization and treatment processes for mixed waste. The research conducted in ReWaste4.0 will be continued in ReWaste F for further development towards a particle-, sensor- and data-based circular economy in the period 2021–2025.

Food waste treatment option selection through spherical fuzzy AHP

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Aysu Melis Buyuk ◽  
Gul T. Temur
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Option ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Food Treatment ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Option Selection

In line with the increase in consciousness on sustainability in today’s global world, great emphasis has been attached to food waste management. Food waste is a complex issue to manage due to uncertainties on quality, quantity, location, and time of wastes, and it involves different decisions at many stages from seed to post-consumption. These ambiguities re-quire that some decisions should be handled in a linguistic and ambiguous environment. That forces researchers to benefit from fuzzy sets mostly utilized to deal with subjectivity that causes uncertainty. In this study, as a novel approach, the spherical fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (SFAHP) was used to select the best food treatment option. In the model, four main criteria (infrastructural, governmental, economic, and environmental) and their thirteen sub-criteria are considered. A real case is conducted to show how the proposed model can be used to assess four food waste treatment options (composting, anaerobic digestion, landfilling, and incineration). Also, a sensitivity analysis is generated to check whether the evaluations on the main criteria can change the results or not. The proposed model aims to create a subsidiary tool for decision makers in relevant companies and institutions.

scholarly journals Environmental and economic sustainability in public contexts: the impact of hand-drying options on waste management, carbon emissions and operating costs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziano Coller ◽  
Marco Schiavon ◽  
Marco Ragazzi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Alternative Scenario ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paper Towels ◽  
Hand Drying

AbstractDue to the high density of users hosted everyday, public buildings are important producers of waste and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Public restrooms play an underrated role in waste generation and GHG emissions, especially if paper towels are used as the hand-drying method. The choice of the hand-drying method (i.e., paper towels vs. electrical hand dryers) also affects the economic balance of a public institution, involving costs for the purchase of hand-drying materials/apparatuses, energy and waste disposal. The present paper aims at evaluating the economic and environmental impact of the introduction of electrical hand dryers (alternative scenario) in place of paper towels (reference scenario) in a public building. The paper presents a solid methodology, based on a numerical experiment approach, to identify a decision criterion for establishing the economical convenience of adopting the alternative scenario in public restrooms. Key factors affecting the choice between the proposed alternatives are presented and discussed in a dedicated sensitivity analysis. From the environmental point of view, this study evaluates the impact of each scenario in terms of GHG emissions, related to multiple waste treatment options and different electric grid mixes. Based on the experimental assumptions, the method allowed concluding that the alternative scenario becomes economically convenient when the number of daily usages (N) is > 57 ± 4. The environmental convenience of the alternative scenario is visible even at N < 10. The method here described can be successfully used to support strategic decisions for cost optimization and environmental mitigation in institutional buildings.

scholarly journals Chromate Reduction in Serratia marcescens Isolated from Tannery Effluent and Potential Application for Bioremediation of Chromate Pollution

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 972-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Mondaca ◽  
V. Campos ◽  
R. Moraga ◽  
C.A. Zaror
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Chromate Reduction ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Transmission Electron

Pollution of aquatic systems by heavy metals has resulted in increasing environmental concern because they cannot be biodegraded. One metal that gives reason for concern due to its toxicity is chromium. Cr(VI) and Cr(III) are the principal forms of chromium found in natural waters. A chromate-resistant strain of the bacterium S. marcescens was isolated from tannery effluent. The strain was able to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III), and about 80% of chromate was removed from the medium. The reduction seems to occur on the cell surface. Transmission electron microscopic examination of cells revealed that particles were deposited on the outside of bacterial cells. A stable biofilm was formed in less than 10 h, reaching around 1010cfu attached per milligram of activated carbon. These findings demonstrate that immobilizedS. marcescensmight be used in industrial waste treatment processes.

Waste Treatment Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Saleh S. Al Arni ◽  
Mahmoud M. Elwaheidi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes

Electrochemical precipitation of chromium (Cr6+) from an electroplating wastewater

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kongsricharoern ◽  
C. Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Electrolytic Cell ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Electroplating Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Cr Removal

This research was conducted in the laboratory to investigate an alternative of Cr removal from an electroplating wastewater using the electrochemical precipitation (ECP) process. The ECP unit consisted of an electrolytic cell made of two steel plates representing anode and cathode. The DC power source applied to the ECP unit had current (I) and electrical potential (E) of 3-6 A and 30-75 V, respectively. Electroplating wastewater used in the experiments contained Cr6+ in the range of 215-3860 mg/l, and the pH was 1.5. The parameters varied during the ECP experiments were: E, hydraulic retention time (HRT), Cr6+ concentration, conductivity and initial pH. The optimum ECP conditions found were electrical potential, 75 V; current, 4.8 A; HRT, 50 min; initial pH, above 3.2. Under these conditions, the Cr6+ concentrations remaining in the effluent were less than 0.2 mg/l. Sludge produced in the ECP unit had a sludge volume index (SVI) of 60-80, an indication of sludge settleability. X-ray fluorescence analysis of the ECP sludge revealed formation of Fe2O3 and FeCr2O4 as the main products. Power consumption of the ECP unit was found to be in the range of 14.7 - 20 kWh/m3 of wastewater. The economics of the ECP process was evaluated and compared with some conventional treatment processes for Cr removal.

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