scholarly journals Mini-Review on the Synthesis of Furfural and Levulinic Acid from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Jiang ◽  
Di Hu ◽  
Zhiyue Zhao ◽  
Zixiao Yi ◽  
Zuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Platform Chemicals

Efficient conversion of renewable biomass into value-added chemicals and biofuels is regarded as an alternative route to reduce our high dependence on fossil resources and the associated environmental issues. In this context, biomass-based furfural and levulinic acid (LA) platform chemicals are frequently utilized to synthesize various valuable chemicals and biofuels. In this review, the reaction mechanism and catalytic system developed for the generation of furfural and levulinic acid are summarized and compared. Special efforts are focused on the different catalytic systems for the synthesis of furfural and levulinic acid. The corresponding challenges and outlooks are also observed.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL VALORIZATION OF CELLULOSE FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS: A STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
RAMANDEEP KAUR ◽  
PUNEET KAUR
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modified Cellulose ◽  
Value Added Products

"The potential of non-edible lignocellulosic biomass paves the path to sustainable economy. A large number of valueadded products have been synthesized by the fractionation of the major components of biomass, i.e. cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on earth, serves as a starting material for the synthesis of various platform chemicals, such as sorbitol, 5- hydroxylmethylfurfural (HMF), dimethylfuran and levulinic acid. Hydrogels and aerogels fabricated from cellulose, modified cellulose or nanocellulose have proved valuable in a wide range of such as biomedical, food and technological applications. Cellulose-based polymers or bioplastics also emerged as an alternative to fossil fuel-based polymers. In this review, chemical paths to valorize plant cellulose for producing various value-added products have been discussed. The major challenge for valorization is the development of novel and green synthesis methods with simultaneous focus on an integrated approach."

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Transformation of Carbohydrates Into Valuable Platform Chemicals

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Chen ◽  
Kun Wan ◽  
Fangjuan Zheng ◽  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Hongyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Reaction Pathways ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Selective Transformation ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Broad Interest

In response to the less accessible fossil resources and deteriorating environmental problems, catalytic conversion of the abundant and renewable lignocellulosic biomass to replace fossil resources for the production of value-added chemicals and fuels is of great importance. Depolymerization of carbohydrate and its derivatives can obtain a series of C5-C6 monosaccharides (e.g., glucose and xylose) and their derived platform compounds (e.g., HMF and furfural). Selective transformation of lignocellulose using sustainable solar energy via photocatalysis has attract broad interest from a growing scientific community. The unique photogenerated reactive species (e.g., h+, e−, •OH, •O2−, and 1O2), novel reaction pathways as well as the mild reaction conditions make photocatalysis a “dream reaction.” This review is aimed to provide an overview of the up-to-date contributions achieved in the selective photocatalytic transformation of carbohydrate and its derivatives. Photocatalytic methods, properties and merits of different catalytic systems are well summarized. We then put forward future perspective and challenges in this field.

Hydrothermal conversion of glucose to levulinic acid using multifunctional ionic liquids: effects of metal ion co-catalysts on the product yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komal Kumar ◽  
Firdaus Parveen ◽  
Tanmoy Patra ◽  
Sreedevi Upadhyayula
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Metal Salts ◽  
Hydrothermal Conversion ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquids

An efficient catalytic system comprising Bronsted acidic ionic liquids and Lewis acidic metal salts for hydrothermal glucose conversion to platform chemicals.

scholarly journals One-pot conversion of biomass-derived xylose and furfural into levulinate esters via acid catalysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (20) ◽  
pp. 2938-2941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Hu ◽  
Shengjuan Jiang ◽  
Liping Wu ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Chun-Zhu Li
Keyword(s):  
Acid Ester ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Platform Chemicals

Via acid catalysis in dimethoxymethane/methanol, both C5 sugars and C6 sugars, derived from hemicellulose and cellulose, could be simultaneously converted into levulinic acid/ester, the platform chemicals for manufacturing value-added chemicals and biofuels.

scholarly journals Acid Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Sugars and Furfurals Formation

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Świątek ◽  
Stephanie Gaag ◽  
Andreas Klier ◽  
Andrea Kruse ◽  
Jörg Sauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Continuous Plant ◽  
Biomass Sugars ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is a crucial step for the production of sugars and biobased platform chemicals. Pretreatment experiments in a semi-continuous plant with diluted sulphuric acid as catalyst were carried out to measure the time-dependent formation of sugars (glucose, xylose, mannose), furfurals, and organic acids (acetic, formic, and levulinic acid) at different hydrolysis temperatures (180, 200, 220 °C) of one representative of each basic type of lignocellulose: hardwood, softwood, and grass. The addition of the acid catalyst is followed by a sharp increase in the sugar concentration. Xylose and mannose were mainly formed in the initial stages of the process, while glucose was released slowly. Increasing the reaction temperature had a positive effect on the formation of furfurals and organic acids, especially on hydroxymehtylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid, regardless of biomass type. In addition, large amounts of formic acid were released during the hydrolysis of miscanthus grass. Structural changes in the solid residue show a complete hydrolysis of hemicellulose at 180 °C and of cellulose at 200 °C after around 120 min reaction time. The results obtained in this study can be used for the optimisation of the hydrolysis conditions and reactor design to maximise the yields of desired products, which might be sugars or furfurals.

scholarly journals Efficient lactic acid production from dilute acid-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass by a synthetic consortium of engineered Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus coagulans

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Zou ◽  
Shuiping Ouyang ◽  
Yueli Hu ◽  
Zhaojuan Zheng ◽  
Jia Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate ◽  
Acid Yield

Abstract Background Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive and sustainable alternative to petroleum-based feedstock for the production of a range of biochemicals, and pretreatment is generally regarded as indispensable for its biorefinery. However, various inhibitors that severely hinder the growth and fermentation of microorganisms are inevitably produced during the pretreatment of lignocellulose. Presently, there are few reports on a single microorganism that can detoxify or tolerate toxic mixtures of pretreated lignocellulose hydrolysate while effectively transforming sugar components into valuable compounds. Alternatively, microbial coculture provides a simpler and more efficacious way to realize this goal by distributing metabolic functions among different specialized strains. Results In this study, a novel synthetic microbial consortium, which is composed of a responsible for detoxification bacterium engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and a lactic acid production specialist Bacillus coagulans NL01, was developed to directly produce lactic acid from highly toxic lignocellulosic hydrolysate. The engineered P. putida with deletion of the sugar metabolism pathway was unable to consume the major fermentable sugars of lignocellulosic hydrolysate but exhibited great tolerance to 10 g/L sodium acetate, 5 g/L levulinic acid, 10 mM furfural and HMF as well as 2 g/L monophenol compound. In addition, the engineered strain rapidly removed diverse inhibitors of real hydrolysate. The degradation rate of organic acids (acetate, levulinic acid) and the conversion rate of furan aldehyde were both 100%, and the removal rate of most monoaromatic compounds remained at approximately 90%. With detoxification using engineered P. putida for 24 h, the 30% (v/v) hydrolysate was fermented to 35.8 g/L lactic acid by B. coagulans with a lactic acid yield of 0.8 g/g total sugars. Compared with that of the single culture of B. coagulans without lactic acid production, the fermentation performance of microbial coculture was significantly improved. Conclusions The microbial coculture system constructed in this study demonstrated the strong potential of the process for the biosynthesis of valuable products from lignocellulosic hydrolysates containing high concentrations of complex inhibitors by specifically recruiting consortia of robust microorganisms with desirable characteristics and also provided a feasible and attractive method for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to other value-added biochemicals.

Metal-exchanged magnetic β-zeolites: valorization of lignocellulosic biomass-derived compounds to platform chemicals

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 3856-3868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlen Y. C. Jorge ◽  
Thiago de M. Lima ◽  
Carolina G. S. Lima ◽  
Lucas Marchini ◽  
William N. Castelblanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Platform Chemicals

An array of Pd, Fe and Ir exchanged β-zeolites were synthesized, fully characterized, and their catalytic activity evaluated in converting bio-derived compounds to value-added platform chemicals.

Efficient palladium catalysis for the upgrading of itaconic and levulinic acid to 2-pyrrolidones followed by their vinylation into value-added monomers

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 4532-4540
Author(s):  
Yannik Louven ◽  
Moritz O. Haus ◽  
Marc Konrad ◽  
Jan P. Hofmann ◽  
Regina Palkovits
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Palladium Catalysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Common Platform

Bio-based monomers are produced in a two-step process starting from common platform chemicals. The heterogeneously catalyzed reduction of bio-based acids into 2-pyrrolidones makes for a promising drop-in technology for the industrial NVP production.

scholarly journals Chemocatalytic Conversion of Cellulose into Key Platform Chemicals

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangbi Li ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Chenliang Ye ◽  
Xiaoyun Li ◽  
Chuan-Ling Si
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Stable Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sustainable Societies

Chemocatalytic transformation of lignocellulosic biomass to value-added chemicals has attracted global interest in order to build up sustainable societies. Cellulose, the first most abundant constituent of lignocellulosic biomass, has received extensive attention for its comprehensive utilization of resource, such as its catalytic conversion into high value-added chemicals and fuels (e.g., HMF, DMF, and isosorbide). However, the low reactivity of cellulose has prevented its use in chemical industry due to stable chemical structure and poor solubility in common solvents over the cellulose. Recently, homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis for the conversion of cellulose has been expected to overcome this issue, because various types of pretreatment and homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts can be designed and applied in a wide range of reaction conditions. In this review, we show the present situation and perspective of homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis for the direct conversion of cellulose into useful platform chemicals.

scholarly journals Selectivity Control of C-O Bond Cleavage for Catalytic Biomass Valorization

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumei Jian ◽  
Ye Meng ◽  
Hu Li
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Selectivity Control ◽  
Main Components

Increasing fossil fuels consumption and global warming have driven the global revolution towards renewable energy sources. Lignocellulosic biomass is the main source of renewable carbon-based fuels. The abundant intermolecular linkages and high oxygen content between cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin limit the use of traditional fuels. Therefore, it is a promising strategy to break the above linkages and remove oxygen by selective catalytic cracking of C–O bond to further transform the main components of biomass into small molecular products. This mini-review discusses the significance of selectivity control in C–O bond cleavage with well-tailored catalytic systems or strategies for furnishing biofuels and value-added chemicals of high efficiency from lignocellulosic biomass. The current challenges and future opportunities of converting lignocellulose biomass into high-value chemicals are also summarized and analyzed.

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