scholarly journals Acid Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass: Sugars and Furfurals Formation

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Świątek ◽  
Stephanie Gaag ◽  
Andreas Klier ◽  
Andrea Kruse ◽  
Jörg Sauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Continuous Plant ◽  
Biomass Sugars ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is a crucial step for the production of sugars and biobased platform chemicals. Pretreatment experiments in a semi-continuous plant with diluted sulphuric acid as catalyst were carried out to measure the time-dependent formation of sugars (glucose, xylose, mannose), furfurals, and organic acids (acetic, formic, and levulinic acid) at different hydrolysis temperatures (180, 200, 220 °C) of one representative of each basic type of lignocellulose: hardwood, softwood, and grass. The addition of the acid catalyst is followed by a sharp increase in the sugar concentration. Xylose and mannose were mainly formed in the initial stages of the process, while glucose was released slowly. Increasing the reaction temperature had a positive effect on the formation of furfurals and organic acids, especially on hydroxymehtylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid, regardless of biomass type. In addition, large amounts of formic acid were released during the hydrolysis of miscanthus grass. Structural changes in the solid residue show a complete hydrolysis of hemicellulose at 180 °C and of cellulose at 200 °C after around 120 min reaction time. The results obtained in this study can be used for the optimisation of the hydrolysis conditions and reactor design to maximise the yields of desired products, which might be sugars or furfurals.

scholarly journals Mini-Review on the Synthesis of Furfural and Levulinic Acid from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Jiang ◽  
Di Hu ◽  
Zhiyue Zhao ◽  
Zixiao Yi ◽  
Zuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Platform Chemicals

Efficient conversion of renewable biomass into value-added chemicals and biofuels is regarded as an alternative route to reduce our high dependence on fossil resources and the associated environmental issues. In this context, biomass-based furfural and levulinic acid (LA) platform chemicals are frequently utilized to synthesize various valuable chemicals and biofuels. In this review, the reaction mechanism and catalytic system developed for the generation of furfural and levulinic acid are summarized and compared. Special efforts are focused on the different catalytic systems for the synthesis of furfural and levulinic acid. The corresponding challenges and outlooks are also observed.

Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass using silica based separable solid acid catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Jong-Hwa Kim ◽  
Jong-Chan Kim ◽  
Da-Song Lee ◽  
Hanseob Jeong ◽  
Soo Min Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Acid-Catalyzed Conversion of Cellulose Into Levulinic Acid With Biphasic Solvent System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changyue Ma ◽  
Bo Cai ◽  
Le Zhang ◽  
Junfeng Feng ◽  
Hui Pan
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In this work, acid-catalyzed conversion of cellulose into levulinic acid in a biphasic solvent system was developed. Compared to a series of catalysts investigated in this study, the Amberlyst-15 as a more efficient acid catalyst was used in the hydrolysis of cellulose and further dehydration of derived intermediates into levulinic acid. Besides, the mechanism of biphasic solvent system in the conversion of cellulose was studied in detail, and the results showed biphasic solvent system can promote the conversion of cellulose and suppress the polymerization of the by-products (such as lactic acid).The reaction conditions, such as temperature, time, and catalyst loading were changed to investigate the effect on the yield of levulinic acid. The results indicated that an appealing LA yield of 59.24% was achieved at 200°C and 180 min with a 2:1 ratio of Amberlyst-15 catalyst and cellulose in GVL/H2O under N2 pressure. The influence of different amounts of NaCl addition to this reaction was also investigated. This study provides an economical and environmental-friendly method for the acid-catalyzed conversion of cellulose and high yield of the value-added chemical.

Conversion of Glucose to Levulinic Acid Using SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2 Solid Acid Catalysts

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ping Zhuang ◽  
Xue Ping Li ◽  
Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Acid Yield ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Catalytic Effects

Biomass represents an abundant and relatively low cost carbon resource that can be utilized to produce platform chemicals such as levulinic acid. This study focused on the effect of SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2solid acid catalyst on the catalytic performance in levulinic acid production from biomass-derived carbohydrates glucose. The SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2solid acid catalyst showed a high catalytic activity for the selective conversion of glucose to levulinic acid. Experimental results showed that SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2solid acid had markedly catalytic effects on the conversion of glucose to levulinic acid. With SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2solid acid as the catalyst, an optimized ethyl levulinic acid was obtained at 180 °C for 2 h with glucose dosage of 2 wt% and 3 g SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-SnO2solid acid catalys and the levulinic acid yield was 74.05%.

scholarly journals Manufacture of Platform Chemicals from Pine Wood Polysaccharides in Media Containing Acidic Ionic Liquids

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar López ◽  
Carlos Vila ◽  
Valentín Santos ◽  
Juan Carlos Parajó
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Similar Reaction ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Acidic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Wood Polysaccharides ◽  
Reaction Media ◽  
Single Reaction

Pinus pinaster wood samples were subjected to chemical processing for manufacturing furans and organic acids from the polysaccharide fractions (cellulose and hemicellulose). The operation was performed in a single reaction stage at 180 or 190 °C, using a microwave reactor. The reaction media contained wood, water, methyl isobutyl ketone, and an acidic ionic liquid, which acted as a catalyst. In media catalyzed with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, up to 60.5% pentosan conversion into furfural was achieved, but the conversions of cellulose and (galacto) glucomannan in levulinic acid were low. Improved results were achieved when AILs bearing a sulfonated alkyl chain were employed as catalysts. In media containing 1-(3-sulfopropyl)-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate as a catalyst, near quantitative conversion of pentosans into furfural was achieved at a short reaction time (7.5 min), together with 32.8% conversion of hexosans into levulinic acid. Longer reaction times improved the production of organic acids, but resulted in some furfural consumption. A similar reaction pattern was observed in experiments using 1-(3-sulfobutyl)-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate as a catalyst.

scholarly journals Simplifying levulinic acid conversion towards a sustainable biomass valorisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 2929-2934
Author(s):  
Chiara Defilippi ◽  
Daily Rodríguez-Padrón ◽  
Rafael Luque ◽  
Cristina Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Biomass Valorisation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In the range of biomass valorisation, hydroconversion of levulinic acid (one of the products of the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass) was tested for the first time using nanosized Ni3N and Ni0 catalysts, with very promising results alongside high stability.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL VALORIZATION OF CELLULOSE FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS: A STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
RAMANDEEP KAUR ◽  
PUNEET KAUR
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modified Cellulose ◽  
Value Added Products

"The potential of non-edible lignocellulosic biomass paves the path to sustainable economy. A large number of valueadded products have been synthesized by the fractionation of the major components of biomass, i.e. cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on earth, serves as a starting material for the synthesis of various platform chemicals, such as sorbitol, 5- hydroxylmethylfurfural (HMF), dimethylfuran and levulinic acid. Hydrogels and aerogels fabricated from cellulose, modified cellulose or nanocellulose have proved valuable in a wide range of such as biomedical, food and technological applications. Cellulose-based polymers or bioplastics also emerged as an alternative to fossil fuel-based polymers. In this review, chemical paths to valorize plant cellulose for producing various value-added products have been discussed. The major challenge for valorization is the development of novel and green synthesis methods with simultaneous focus on an integrated approach."

Recycling cellulases by pH-triggered adsorption-desorption during the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass

2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 5765-5774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Shang ◽  
Rongxin Su ◽  
Renliang Huang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Wei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Renewable Polymer Production from Lignin-Derived Aldehydes

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Nahyeon Lee ◽  
Yong Tae Kim ◽  
Jechan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Renewable Chemicals ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Promising Source

Lignin directly derived from lignocellulosic biomass has been named a promising source of platform chemicals for the production of bio-based polymers. This review discusses potentially relevant routes to produce renewable aromatic aldehydes (e.g., syringaldehyde and vanillin) from lignin feedstocks (pre-isolated lignin or lignocellulose) that are used to synthesize a range of bio-based polymers. To do this, the processes to make aromatic aldehydes from lignin with their highest available yields are first presented. After that, the routes from such aldehydes to different polymers are explored. Challenges and perspectives of the production the lignin-derived renewable chemicals and polymers are also highlighted.

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