scholarly journals Techno-Economic Feasibility of Wastewater Heat Recovery for A Large Hospital in Toronto, Canada

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usama Sohail ◽  
Conrad Kwiatek ◽  
Alan S. Fung ◽  
Darko Joksimovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Excellent Candidate ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Source And Sink

Wastewater is an abundant and an underutilized thermal energy source that experiences steady temperatures and predictable flow rates year-round. These characteristics make it an excellent candidate to serve as the heat source and sink for heat pump based HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems capable of providing both heating and cooling. The potential for wastewater heat recovery is evaluated for a large hospital in the greater Toronto area, in Canada. A model was developed to calculate the operational savings and benefits of the proposed system, and the results from that analysis were used to carry out an economic analysis.

The study of solar absorption air-conditioning systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Mittal ◽  
KS Kasana ◽  
NS Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Absorption Cooling ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Solar Absorption Cooling ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

An air-conditioning system utilizing solar energy would generally be more efficient, cost wise, if it was used to provide both heating and cooling requirements in the building it serves. Various solar powered heating systems have been tested extensively, but solar powered air conditioning systems have received very little attention. Solar powered absorption cooling systems can serve both heating and cooling requirements in the building it serves. Many researchers have studied the solar absorption air conditioning system in order to make it economically and technically viable. But still, much more research in this area is needed. This paper will help many researchers working in this area and provide them with fundamental knowledge on absorption systems, and a detailed review on the past efforts in the field of solar absorption cooling systems with the absorption pair of lithium-bromide and water. This knowledge will help them to start the parametric study in order to investigate the influence of key parameters on the overall system performance.

Condensation Induced Shock in Thermal/Fluid Systems

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Jokar ◽  
Erik W. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Fluid Systems ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Effective Life

Phase-change through condensation and evaporation processes takes place in many daily-use heating and cooling systems. However, if these processes experience uncontrolled pressure and temperature conditions, shock waves may be generated. Depending on the strength and conditions of the generated waves, they can decrease the effective life of equipment or even cause devastating destruction. Cavitation and water hammer phenomena are examples of flow issues that are well understood and reported in thermal/fluid systems, although not many studies have been published in open literature on condensation-induced shock (CIS) with the applications in refrigeration and air conditioning systems. This study reviews the limited literature on this topic, analyze the complex CIS phenomenon, derives and solves the governing equations, presents the results of typical conditions that may happen in different residential and industrial applications, and provides ways to avoid devastating incidents that may occur as a result of this phenomena.

scholarly journals On the Drag and Heat of Washington, D.C., and New York City

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1454-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce B. Hicks ◽  
William R. Pendergrass ◽  
Christoph A. Vogel ◽  
Richard S. Artz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Wind Component ◽  
Surface Boundary ◽  
Surface Boundary Layer ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

AbstractData from a network of micrometeorological instruments, mostly mounted 10 m above the roofs of 12 buildings in Washington, D.C., are used to derive average values and spatial differences of the normalized local friction velocity u*/u ≡ ()1/2/u (with u being the wind speed reported at the same height as the covariance is measured, w being the vertical wind component, primes indicating deviations, and the overbar indicating averaging). The analysis is extended through consideration of two additional sites in New York City, New York. The ratio u*/u is found to depend on wind direction for all locations. Averaged values of u*/u appear to be best associated with the standard deviation of local building heights, with little evidence of a dependence on any other of the modern building-morphology indices. Temperature covariance data show a large effect of nearby activities, with the consequences of air-conditioning systems being obvious (especially at night) in some situations. The Washington data show that older buildings, built largely of native limestone, show the greatest effects of air-conditioning systems. The assumption that the nighttime surface boundary layer is stable is likely to be most often incorrect for both Washington and New York City—the sensible heat flux resulting from heating and cooling of building work spaces most often appears to dominate.

scholarly journals ESTUDIO DE FACTIBILIDAD PARA LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN CICLO ORGÁNICO DE RANKINE EN POZOS DE EXTRACCIÓN DE PETRÓLEO (FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS FOR THE APPLICATION OF AN ORGANIC RANKIN CYCLE IN AN OILFIELD)

Revista EIA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilba Geonine Cuadrado Peña ◽  
Andrés Felipe Colorado Granda ◽  
Juan Carlos Cobos Gómez ◽  
Juan Carlos Vásquez Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Generation Cost ◽  
Rankin Cycle

Se evalúa la factibilidad técnica y económica del uso de un ciclo binario del tipo ORC para la generación de electricidad, a partir del aprovechamiento del recurso geotérmico de baja temperatura disponible en varios campos de petróleo en Colombia. Las temperaturas del agua obtenida como subproducto durante la extracción de crudo son 118 ºC en boca de pozo y 82 ºC en etapas de disposición, con caudales de hasta 2,38 m3/s. Para incrementar la eficiencia del ciclo convencional, fueron evaluadas alternativas de calentamiento de la corriente del lado de alta temperatura y de enfriamiento del lado de baja temperatura. Se encontró que un equipo comercial ORC de 280 kW  produciría en uno de los campos 1.165,1 MWh anuales  con un costo de generación de 0,102 U$/KWh. Los resultados de este estudio no permiten la implementación de equipos ORC porque se requieren mayores temperaturas que garanticen la factibilidad técnica.Abstract: These paper analyze the technical and economic feasibility of generating electricity from low temperature geothermal resources available in oil oilfields in Colombia using binary ORC technology. The water obtained as a byproduct during oil extraction has 118°C temperatures at wellhead and 80ºC on average in disposal stages; the water flow rates reach values of 2.38 m3/s. Were studied to improve the efficiency, technical options for additional heating and cooling of hot and cold streams.  According to the results found, 1.165,1 MWh energy production by year and 0,102 U$/KWh in unitary generation cost is for the 280 kW commercial ORC machine. According to the experience developed in this study results do not permit ORC immediate implementation because are necessary higher temperatures to guarantee technical feasibility.Sumário: A viabilidade técnica e econômica da utilização de um ciclo ORC binário para geração de eletricidade a partir da utilização de recursos geotérmicos de baixa temperatura disponíveis em vários campos de petróleo na Colômbia é avaliada. As temperaturas da água obtida como um subproduto durante a extração de petróleo cru são 118 ºC na boca de poço e 82 ºC em fases de distribuição, com vazões de até 2,38 m3/s. Para aumentar a eficiência do ciclo convencional, foram avaliadas (várias) opções de aquecimento da corrente de alta temperatura e de esfriamento do lado de baixa temperatura. Verificou-se que um equipamento comercial ORC de 280 kW poderia gerar em um dos campos 1165,1 MWh anuais a um custo de 0,102 U$/kWh. Estes resultados não permitem a implementação de equipamentos ORC porque precisam-se temperaturas mais altas para assegurar a viabilidade técnica.

Development of Heating and Cooling Local Air Conditioning System for Houses

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 920-925
Author(s):  
Zohrab Melikyan ◽  
Naira Egnatosyan ◽  
Siranush Egnatosyan
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Centralized air conditioning systems are widely used in buildings at present. In these conditioners, the outside air gets required temperature, humidity, purity, and other features, necessary for creating comfort microclimate in inside areas of houses, and by the help of fans and air ducts the processed air moves to all rooms of a building. As a result, the creation and maintenance of comfort conditions in buildings become complicated and expensive activity. From this point of view, it is becoming more expedient to install local air conditioners in each room instead of single central one for the whole building. For this reason new local air conditioner is developed.

scholarly journals The Significance of the Adaptive Thermal Comfort Limits on the Air-Conditioning Loads in a Temperate Climate

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman Albatayneh ◽  
Dariusz Alterman ◽  
Adrian Page ◽  
Behdad Moghtaderi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
One Year ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Thermal Comfort Model

The building industry is regarded a major contributor to climate change as energy consumption from buildings accounts for 40% of the total energy. The types of thermal comfort models used to predict the heating and cooling loads are critical to save energy in operative buildings and reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). In this research, the internal air temperatures were recorded for over one year under the free floating mode with no heating or cooling, then the number of hours required for heating or cooling were calculated based on fixed sets of operative temperatures (18 °C–24 °C) and the adaptive thermal comfort model to estimate the number of hours per year required for cooling and heating to sustain the occupants’ thermal comfort for four full-scale housing test modules at the campus of the University of Newcastle, Australia. The adaptive thermal comfort model significantly reduced the time necessary for mechanical cooling and heating by more than half when compared with the constant thermostat setting used by the air-conditioning systems installed on the site. It was found that the air-conditioning system with operational temperature setups using the adaptive thermal comfort model at 80% acceptability limits required almost half the operating energy when compared with fixed sets of operating temperatures. This can be achieved by applying a broader range of acceptable temperature limits and using techniques that require minimal energy to sustain the occupants’ thermal comfort.

scholarly journals A novel methodology and new concept of SARS-CoV-2 elimination in heating and ventilating air conditioning systems using waste heat recovery

AIP Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 085308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Rezaei ◽  
Moharram Jafari ◽  
Ata Nazari ◽  
Sina Salehi ◽  
Faramarz Talati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems
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