scholarly journals People-as-a-Service Dilemma: Humanizing Computing Solutions in High-Efficiency Applications

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bordel ◽  
Alcarria ◽  
Hernández ◽  
Robles
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Generation Computing ◽  
New Process ◽  
Simulation Scenario ◽  
Process Execution ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Physical Elements

Next-generation computing solutions, such as cyber-physical systems or Industry 4.0, are focused on increasing efficiency in process execution as much as possible. Removing unproductive delays or keeping infrastructures operating at their total capacity are typical objectives in these future systems. Decoupling infrastructure providers and service providers using Anything-as-a-Service (XaaS) paradigms is one of the most common approaches to address this challenge. However, many real scenarios not only include machines or controllers but also people and workers. In this case, deploying process execution algorithms and XaaS solutions degenerates in a People-as-a-Service scenario, which poses a critical dilemma: Can highly efficient production scenarios guarantee people’s wellbeing? In this paper, we address this problem and propose a new process execution algorithm based on a novel understanding of efficiency. In this case, a humanized efficiency definition combining traditional efficiency ratios and wellbeing indicators is used to allocate tasks and assign them to different existing workers. In order to evaluate the proposed solution, a simulation scenario including social and physical elements was built. Using this scenario, a first experimental validation was carried out.

scholarly journals Friction-Induced Recycling Process for User-Specific Semi-Finished Product Production

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Thomas Borgert ◽  
Werner Homberg
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Secondary Aluminum ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Aluminum Chips ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Complex Parts

Modern forming processes often allow today the efficient production of complex parts. In order to increase the sustainability of forming processes it would be favorable if the forming of workpieces becomes possible using production waste. At the Chair of Forming and Machining Technology of the Paderborn University (LUF) research is presently conducted with the overall goal to produce workpieces directly from secondary aluminum (e.g., powder and chips). Therefore, friction-based forming processes like friction spinning (or cognate processes) are used due to their high efficiency. As a pre-step, the production of semi-finished parts was the subject of accorded research work at the LUF. Therefore, a friction-based hot extrusion process was used for the full recycling or rework of aluminum chips into profiles. Investigations of the recycled semi-finished products show that they are comparable to conventionally produced semi-finished products in terms of dimensional stability and shape accuracy. An analysis of the mechanical properties of hardness and tensile strength shows that a final product with good and homogeneously distributed properties can be produced. Furthermore, significant correlations to the friction spinning process could be found that are useful for the above-mentioned direct part production from secondary aluminum.

Secure Cyber-Physical Systems for Improving Transportation Facilities in Smart Cities and Industry 4.0

2021 ◽  
pp. 772-791
Author(s):  
Vijey Thayananthan ◽  
Javad Yazdani
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Safety System ◽  
Research Proposal ◽  
Strategic Research ◽  
Physical Systems

The main aim of this strategic research proposal is to develop a model of secure transportation system using efficient CPS which not only reduce the unnecessary accident rates but also increase safety system that enhances the livability of smart cities and Industry 4.0. Although the main focus is efficient security solutions, dynamic and intelligent approaches of the future security solutions will be able to detect the evolving threats and cyberattacks during the data or signal transmission between the users and service providers.

scholarly journals Privacy-Preserving Broker-ABE Scheme for Multiple Cloud-Assisted Cyber Physical Systems

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Wen Chi ◽  
Ming-Hung Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Physical Systems

Cloud-assisted cyber–physical systems (CCPSs) integrate the physical space with cloud computing. To do so, sensors on the field collect real-life data and forward it to clouds for further data analysis and decision-making. Since multiple services may be accessed at the same time, sensor data should be forwarded to different cloud service providers (CSPs). In this scenario, attribute-based encryption (ABE) is an appropriate technique for securing data communication between sensors and clouds. Each cloud has its own attributes and a broker can determine which cloud is authorized to access data by the requirements set at the time of encryption. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving broker-ABE scheme for multiple CCPSs (MCCPS). The ABE separates the policy embedding job from the ABE task. To ease the computational burden of the sensors, this scheme leaves the policy embedding task to the broker, which is generally more powerful than the sensors. Moreover, the proposed scheme provides a way for CSPs to protect data privacy from outside coercion.

scholarly journals A Trustworthy Communication Hub for Cyber-Physical Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Juhani Latvakoski ◽  
Jouni Heikkinen
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Distributed Energy Resources ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
Related Service

The motivation for this research arises from the challenges in the trustworthy communications related operation of cyber-physical systems (CPS), especially in the energy and mobility domains. The increasing amount of distributed energy resources (DERs) of prosumers and electric vehicles requires new ways for CPS communications to enable information exchanges for smart operation in peak consumption hours and balancing power levels in the energy grids in order to lower the energy cost. The huge number of mobile appliances and the related service providers do not serve properly the privacy of the owners, owing to the vertical silo type of operating model in industries. As the results of this research, we provide a trustworthy communication hub for CPS (CPS hub) for solving the challenges related to trustworthy communications between physical resources owned by different stakeholders. The CPS hub realizes the communication spaces concept, and enables combined trust and communications processes when dynamic resources owned by different stakeholders are exchanging information. The evaluations showed that the provided CPS hub enable information exchanges between distributed energy resources of different stakeholders, so that they can join the aggregation process for more flexible and efficient resource usage in energy markets. The CPS hub enable interaction between heterogeneous physical devices of multiple stakeholders to exchange information so that, for example, authorities can see the situation in the emergency area and, simultaneously, the policies of the owners can be taken into concern. Despite limited evaluation scenarios, it is shown that consideration of the ownership issues in the trustworthy communication for information exchanges between heterogeneous physical resources (devices) is possible and feasible. Several future research items, such as, for example, scalability; real-time and streams based operation; as well as consideration of the security, privacy, trust, and safety challenges, were detected. However, the evaluations showed that the constructed CPS hub contribute a set of very essential technical enablers for future smart CPS systems and create strong a basis for such future research towards a future smart society.

Process execution in Cyber-Physical Systems using cloud and Cyber-Physical Internet services

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 4127-4169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Bordel ◽  
Ramón Alcarria ◽  
Diego Sánchez de Rivera ◽  
Tomás Robles
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Internet Services ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Internet ◽  
Process Execution

An Exergy-Based Analysis of Temperature Profiles for an Over-Pressure Reflow Oven Technology

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Esfandyari ◽  
Aarief Syed-Khaja ◽  
Torben Landskrone ◽  
Joerg Franke
Keyword(s):  
Lead Time ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Electronics Assembly ◽  
Set Up

In electronics assembly, the convection based soldering technologies in the production lines consumes massive resources and energy. The recent advancements in soldering technologies consume comparatively higher resources and needs to be optimized for resource efficient production which is also the motivation for the present work. This study is devoted to quantify the resource consumption and qualify this consumption through exergy flows in an over-pressure reflow technology as an energy intensive process in electronics manufacturing. The analysis implies on a big saving potential for energy consumption specifically during the over-pressure process which also defines the void reduction quality of solder joints. Exergy efficiency is the fraction of the work potential of the heat that is converted to work, and it illustrates the quality of consumed resources during the soldering oven process. Shortening the production lead-time, and increasing the production rate increase the efficiency of exergy and prevents wastage of usable energy. Furthermore, the set-up improvements for the temperature profiles are necessary, and the changes toward developing new technologies in pre-heating and over-pressure chamber zones are mandatory if a high efficiency of resources used is expected.

Complete decomposition of biological waste sludge by thermophilic aerobic bacteria

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sakai ◽  
T. Aoyagi ◽  
N. Shiota ◽  
A. Akashi ◽  
S. Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Complete Decomposition ◽  
New Process

Conventional activated sludge (AS) process is an economical and effective biooxidation process although a large amount of excess sludge is necessarily generated. We have developed a new zero-discharge AS process, in which no excess sludge is generated. It was formed by combining the conventional AS process with thermophilic aerobic sludge digester in which excess sludge is solubilized by thermophilic enzyme, so we call it hereafter the digester S-TE reactor. The excess sludge withdrawn from the AS step is subjected to the S-TE reactor, followed by its circulation to an aeration tank. Complete decomposition of the excess sludge is carried out when the sludge is solubilized by thermophilic aerobic bacteria (e.g. Bacillus sp.) and mineralized by mesophilic bacteria. The S-TE reactor is operated at 65°C with hydraulic retention time of 1 day. Bench-scale test facilities of both the new process and conventional AS process were comparatively operated under the conditions of BOD-SS loading of 0.3 kg/kg/dand MLSS of 2,000 mg/L using artificial wastewater for over 100 days. The S-TE reactor was initially inoculated with the seedling culture of isolated Bacillus sp. bacteria. No additional inoculation seem to be needed under the steady condition since these bacteria can form spores and survive even under mesophilic conditions. The average rates of VSS solubilization and VM removal in the S-TE reactor were 40% and 15%, respectively. No excess sludge was generated when 3-fold amounts of the excess sludge generated in the conventional AS process were subjected to the S-TE reactor. In the new process, BOD was removed with high efficiency. Slight increase of SS and TOC was observed when compared with those of the AS process. A pilot-scale facility of the process has been operated with a petrochemical plant wastewater for a year. MLSS concentration was continuously kept around 3,000 mg/L without withdrawing the excess sludge. Inorganic salts seemed not to accumulate in the process. Therefore, it was demonstrated that excess sludge generation was completely reduced in the new process. According to our estimates, total operating costs for the new process are reduced to 40-50% of those of the conventional wastewater dewatering process. An application to a municipal sewage sludge treatment is currently performed in its full-scale facility.

High Quality Al-Ga-In-N Heterostructures Fabricated by MOVPE Growth in Multiwafer Reactors

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Schmitz ◽  
R. Beccard ◽  
O. Schoen ◽  
R. Niebuhr ◽  
B. Wachtendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Acceptor Doping ◽  
Thickness Uniformity ◽  
Si Doping ◽  
Compositional Uniformity ◽  
Wavelength Variation ◽  
Better Than

We present results on the growth of Al-Ga-In-N films in multiwafer reactors with 7×2″ wafer capacity. The design of these reactors allows the combination of high efficiency (TMGa efficiency for GaN around 30%) and excellent uniformity. Results on the growth of all materials from the Al-Ga-In-Nitride family are presented in detail. GaN is grown with an excellent optical quality and very good thickness uniformity below 2% across 2″ wafers. The material quality is shown by electron mobility of more than 500 cm2/Vs at an intentional Si-doping of approximately 1×1017 cm−3. Controlled acceptor doping with Mg yields carrier concentrations between 5×1016 and 1018 cm−3. The layer thickness uniformity of the films are better than 2% over a 2″ wafer area. GaInN is grown with PL emission wavelengths in the visible blue region showing a uniformity better than 1.5 nm standard deviation. The film thickness uniformity represents the same figures as obtained for the binary. The compositional uniformity of AlGaN is in the sub 1% range corresponding to a wavelength variation below 1 nm.The fabrication of heterostructures from these binary and ternary materials is described as well as results from the characterization of these structures. The results show that reliable and efficient production of Al-Ga-In-Nitride based optoelectronic devices can be performed in multiwafer reactors.

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