scholarly journals Passive Visible Light Sensing of Retroreflective Foils on a Moving Object for Indoor Application

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Andreas Peter Weiss ◽  
Franz-Peter Wenzl
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Low Complex ◽  
Processing Device ◽  
Training Effort

We present a novel approach to perform passive visible light sensing of retroreflective foils mounted on a moving object by utilizing low-cost hardware combined with a self-developed, low complex software algorithm with minimal training effort for successful classification. Therewith, we show the feasibility of utilizing the visible light spectrum not only for illumination, but also to perform sensing tasks, which consequently will lead to less energy consumption, no need for active sensors on the moving object, and finally no necessity of wireless radio frequency communication between the object and the processing device.

scholarly journals Identification and Speed Estimation of a Moving Object in an Indoor Application Based on Visible Light Sensing of Retroreflective Foils

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Andreas Peter Weiss ◽  
Franz Peter Wenzl
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Wireless Sensor Node ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Correct Estimation

Identification and sensing are two of the main tasks a wireless sensor node has to perform in an Internet of Things (IoT) environment. Placing active powered nodes on objects is the most usual approach for the fulfillment of these functions. With the expected massive increase of connected things, there are several issues on the horizon that hamper the further deployment of this approach in an energy efficient, sustainable way, like the usage of environmentally hazardous batteries or accumulators, as well as the required electrical energy for their operation. In this work, we propose a novel approach for performing the tasks of identification and sensing, applying visible light sensing (VLS) based on light emitting diode (LED) illumination and utilizing retroreflective foils mounted on a moving object. This low cost hardware is combined with a self-developed, low complex software algorithm with minimal training effort. Our results show that successful identification and sensing of the speed of a moving object can be achieved with a correct estimation rate of 99.92%. The used foils are commercially available and pose no threat to the environment and there is no need for active sensors on the moving object and no requirement of wireless radio frequency communication. All of this is achievable whilst undisturbed illumination is still provided.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF A LI-FI TRANSCEIVER .

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Video Signals ◽  
User Demand

The latest uproar in this era is about a technology termed as Light Fidelity or more commonly known as Li-Fi. There are currently two trends being seen: First, the extension or enrichment of wireless services and other being in-creased in user demand for these services, but the available RF spectrum for usage is very limited. So the new technology of Li-Fi came into picture, which uses visible light as a source of communication. Li-Fi is the most recent de-velopment which is resourceful. In this technology, LEDs are used to transmit data in the visible light spectrum. This technology can be compared with that of Wi-Fi and offers advantages like increased accessible spectrum, efficiency, security, low latency and much higher speed. This research paper aims at de-signing a Li-Fi transceiver using Arduino that is able to transmit digital data. The hardware has been designed using Eagle CAD (version 7.1.0) tool and Proteus design tool (version 8). The software coding is done by using Java (version 8). Successful transmission and reception of text, image and video signals is carried out on the transceiver. Hence this research work gives an innovative way of designing a transceiver which works by using off the shelf low cost components and using visible light spectrum.

Challenges and Opportunities of VLC Application in Intelligent Transportation Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 1051-1064
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kostic-Ljubisavljevic ◽  
Branka Mikavica
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

With the development of light emitting diodes (LEDs), the communication in visible light spectrum, visible light communication (VLC), becomes an alternative to the existing wireless technologies. Integration of VLC systems with intelligent transportation systems (ITS) can significantly improve many aspects of transportation and traffic. The use of unlicensed bandwidth and wider implementation of VLC LED lighting, both in infrastructure and in vehicles, provide an energy-efficient data transmission with sufficiently large data rates at low cost. The application of VLC systems is still at an early stage of the development. However, due to numerous advantages, the wider adoption of VLC systems is expected in near future. This chapter presents an analysis of the possibilities of VLC application in ITS scenarios. Main characteristics of VLC in ITS in terms of architecture, modulation and standardization are addressed. Some challenges and open issues are also emphasized.

scholarly journals Backscattered Visible Light Sensing of Retroreflective Foils Utilizing Random Forest Based Classification for Speed and Movement Direction Determination and Identification of an Indoor Moving Object

Telecom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-599
Author(s):  
Andreas Peter Weiss ◽  
Franz Peter Wenzl
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Making the Internet of Things “green” has become a major research focus in recent years. The anticipated massive increase in the numbers of sensor and communication devices makes this endeavor even more important, resulting in various solution approaches ranging from energy harvesting to energy efficient routing schemes. In this work, we propose a system that can perform some of the main tasks of the Internet of Things, namely identification and sensing of an indoor moving object, by the means of visible light sensing in combination with off-the-shelf retroreflective foils, without the necessity to place any actively powered components on the object itself. By utilizing the supervised machine learning approach of random forest, we show that these two tasks can be fulfilled with up to 99.96% accuracy. Based on our previous findings in this regard, we propose some advancements and improvements of the overall system, yielding better results in parallel with an increased complexity of the system. Furthermore, we expand the number of performable tasks toward additional movement direction determination. The achieved results demonstrate the applicability of visible light sensing and its potentials for a “green” Internet of Things.

scholarly journals Visible Light Spectrum Extraction from Diffraction Images by Deconvolution and the Cepstrum

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Mikko E. Toivonen  ◽  
Topi Talvitie  ◽  
Chang Rajani  ◽  
Arto Klami 
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Alternative Processing ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
High Degree

Accurate color determination in variable lighting conditions is difficult and requires special devices. We considered the task of extracting the visible light spectrum using ordinary camera sensors, to facilitate low-cost color measurements using consumer equipment. The approach uses a diffractive element attached to a standard camera and a computational algorithm for forming the light spectrum from the resulting diffraction images. We present two machine learning algorithms for this task, based on alternative processing pipelines using deconvolution and cepstrum operations, respectively. The proposed methods were trained and evaluated on diffraction images collected using three cameras and three illuminants to demonstrate the generality of the approach, measuring the quality by comparing the recovered spectra against ground truth measurements collected using a hyperspectral camera. We show that the proposed methods are able to reconstruct the spectrum, and, consequently, the color, with fairly good accuracy in all conditions, but the exact accuracy depends on the specific camera and lighting conditions. The testing procedure followed in our experiments suggests a high degree of confidence in the generalizability of our results; the method works well even for a new illuminant not seen in the development phase.

Solution Processed Sb2S3-based Photocathode with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance via Constructing Ultrathin TiO2 Overlayer and Noble Metal Modification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwen Wang ◽  
Rong Liang ◽  
Chao Qin ◽  
Lei Ren ◽  
Zhizhen Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Solution Processed ◽  
Antimony Sulfide ◽  
Visible Light Response ◽  
Absorbing Material

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) is a light absorbing material with strong visible light response, which is suitable for efficient and low-cost photoelectrodes. Nano-structured films have unique advantages in constructing photoelectrodes due...

scholarly journals A V-SLAM Guided and Portable System for Photogrammetric Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2351
Author(s):  
Alessandro Torresani ◽  
Fabio Menna ◽  
Roberto Battisti ◽  
Fabio Remondino
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Motion Blur ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Acquisition Speed ◽  
Mobile Mapping System ◽  
Slam Algorithm

Mobile and handheld mapping systems are becoming widely used nowadays as fast and cost-effective data acquisition systems for 3D reconstruction purposes. While most of the research and commercial systems are based on active sensors, solutions employing only cameras and photogrammetry are attracting more and more interest due to their significantly minor costs, size and power consumption. In this work we propose an ARM-based, low-cost and lightweight stereo vision mobile mapping system based on a Visual Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (V-SLAM) algorithm. The prototype system, named GuPho (Guided Photogrammetric System) also integrates an in-house guidance system which enables optimized image acquisitions, robust management of the cameras and feedback on positioning and acquisition speed. The presented results show the effectiveness of the developed prototype in mapping large scenarios, enabling motion blur prevention, robust camera exposure control and achieving accurate 3D results.

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