scholarly journals Identification and Speed Estimation of a Moving Object in an Indoor Application Based on Visible Light Sensing of Retroreflective Foils

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Andreas Peter Weiss ◽  
Franz Peter Wenzl
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Wireless Sensor Node ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Correct Estimation

Identification and sensing are two of the main tasks a wireless sensor node has to perform in an Internet of Things (IoT) environment. Placing active powered nodes on objects is the most usual approach for the fulfillment of these functions. With the expected massive increase of connected things, there are several issues on the horizon that hamper the further deployment of this approach in an energy efficient, sustainable way, like the usage of environmentally hazardous batteries or accumulators, as well as the required electrical energy for their operation. In this work, we propose a novel approach for performing the tasks of identification and sensing, applying visible light sensing (VLS) based on light emitting diode (LED) illumination and utilizing retroreflective foils mounted on a moving object. This low cost hardware is combined with a self-developed, low complex software algorithm with minimal training effort. Our results show that successful identification and sensing of the speed of a moving object can be achieved with a correct estimation rate of 99.92%. The used foils are commercially available and pose no threat to the environment and there is no need for active sensors on the moving object and no requirement of wireless radio frequency communication. All of this is achievable whilst undisturbed illumination is still provided.

scholarly journals Passive Visible Light Sensing of Retroreflective Foils on a Moving Object for Indoor Application

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Andreas Peter Weiss ◽  
Franz-Peter Wenzl
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Low Complex ◽  
Processing Device ◽  
Training Effort

We present a novel approach to perform passive visible light sensing of retroreflective foils mounted on a moving object by utilizing low-cost hardware combined with a self-developed, low complex software algorithm with minimal training effort for successful classification. Therewith, we show the feasibility of utilizing the visible light spectrum not only for illumination, but also to perform sensing tasks, which consequently will lead to less energy consumption, no need for active sensors on the moving object, and finally no necessity of wireless radio frequency communication between the object and the processing device.

scholarly journals Passive Visible Light Detection of Humans

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Deprez ◽  
Sander Bastiaens ◽  
Luc Martens ◽  
Wout Joseph ◽  
David Plets
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Reflected Light

This paper experimentally investigates passive human visible light sensing (VLS). A passive VLS system is tested consisting of one light emitting diode (LED) and one photodiode-based receiver, both ceiling-mounted. There is no line of sight between the LED and the receiver, so only reflected light can be considered. The influence of a human is investigated based on the received signal strength (RSS) values of the reflections of ambient light at the photodiode. Depending on the situation, this influence can reach up to ± 50 % . The experimental results show the influence of three various clothing colors, four different walking directions and four different layouts. Based on the obtained results, a human pass-by detection system is proposed and tested. The system achieves a detection rate of 100% in a controlled environment for 21 experiments. For a realistic corridor experiment, the system keeps its detection rate of 100% for 19 experiments.

An Integrated High-Speed Full Duplex Coherent OFDM-PON and Visible-Light Communication System

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simarpreet Kaur ◽  
Mahendra Kumar ◽  
Ashu Verma
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dispersion Compensation ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Full Duplex

AbstractWe demonstrated a full duplex hybrid passive optical network and indoor optical wireless system employing coherent optical frequency division multiplexing. To accomplish reliable transmission in passive optical networks integrated visible-light communication (VLC), yellow light-emitting diode and infrared LED is used in downstream and upstream, respectively, for intra building network. In order to support high data rate, pulse-width reduction scheme based on dispersion compensation fiber is incorporated and system successfully covered the distance of 50 km. A data stream at the rate of 30 Gb/s is transmitted for each user out of eight users. VLC-supported users are catered with the bit rate of 1.87 Gb/s over 150 cm and in order to realize a low-cost system, visible and infrared LEDs are used in downlink and uplink, respectively.

scholarly journals Integrated Light Sensing and Communication for LED Lighting

Designs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Ruo Roch ◽  
Maurizio Martina
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solid State Lighting ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
Visual Light

Solid state lighting is nowadays widely diffused both in residential and office or industrial environment. Ambient light sensing to modulate lamp power is typical too, but sensors inside a lamp are a challenge, due to the high flux of these sources, which easily saturates nearby light detectors. Usually, separate sensing devices must be introduced in the system, thus increasing complexity and cost. In this work, a methodology will be presented, to allow integration of a light sensing device inside a lamp, using low cost circuitry to mitigate interactions between high power light-emitting diode (LED) sources and sensing photodiodes. Moreover, the same circuit allows visual light communication among sources.

scholarly journals Visible Light Communication Survey

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Eszter Udvary
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Increasing Demand

Communication applying visible light technology is a novel approach. Visible Light Communication (VLC) development is motivated by the increasing demand for wireless communication technologies. It has the potential to provide highspeed data communication with good security and improved energy efficiency. The rapid evolution of VLC was sustained by the LEDs performances. The Light-Emitting-Diode (LED) luminaires are capable of switching to the different light intensity at a fast rate. This function can be used for data transmission. This article focuses on the physical layer of the VLC links. It reviews the technology, the topology of the proposed connection, and the benefits of this approach. The main research trends are identified emphasizing state of the art in this area. It shows how VLC technology evolved and what are the performances achieved at this time. Various structures of the transmitter and receiver are studied, and different modulation schemes are investigated. Finally, numerous applications of VLC technology are presented.

scholarly journals Nano-MnO2 Decoration of TiO2 Microparticles to Promote Gaseous Ethanol Visible Photoremoval

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Stucchi ◽  
Daria Boffito ◽  
Eleonora Pargoletti ◽  
Giuseppina Cerrato ◽  
Claudia Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Visible Light Active ◽  
Activity Screening

TiO2-based photocatalysis under visible light is an attractive way to abate air pollutants. Moreover, developing photocatalytic materials on a large-scale requires safe and low-cost precursors. Both high-performance TiO2 nanopowders and visible-light active noble metals do not match these requirements. Here, we report the design of novel Mn-decorated micrometric TiO2 particles. Pigmentary TiO2 replaced unsafe nano-TiO2 and firmly supported MnOx particles. Mn replaced noble metals such as Au or Ag, opening the way for the development of lower cost catalysts. Varying Mn loading or pH during the impregnation affected the final activity, thus giving important information to optimize the synthesis. Photocatalytic activity screening occurred on the gas-phase degradation of ethanol as a reference molecule, both under ultraviolet (UV) (6 h) and Light Emitting Diode (LED) (24 h) irradiation. Mn-doped TiO2 reached a maximum ethanol degradation of 35% under visible light after 24 h for the sample containing 20% of Mn. Also, we found that an acidic pH increased both ethanol degradation and mineralization to CO2, while an alkaline pH drastically slowed down the reaction. A strict correlation between photocatalytic results and physico-chemical characterizations of the synthesized powders were drawn.

scholarly journals Leverage Surface Chemistry for High-Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xu ◽  
Yongjiu Zou ◽  
Ardo Nashalian ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerators

Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) are a highly efficient approach for mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion based on the coupling effects of contact electrification and electrostatic induction. TENGs have been intensively applied as both sustainable power sources and self-powered active sensors with a collection of compelling features, including lightweight, low cost, flexible structures, extensive material selections, and high performances at low operating frequencies. The output performance of TENGs is largely determined by the surface triboelectric charges density. Thus, manipulating the surface chemical properties via appropriate modification methods is one of the most fundamental strategies to improve the output performances of TENGs. This article systematically reviews the recently reported chemical modification methods for building up high-performance TENGs from four aspects: functional groups modification, ion implantation and decoration, dielectric property engineering, and functional sublayers insertion. This review will highlight the contribution of surface chemistry to the field of triboelectric nanogenerators by assessing the problems that are in desperate need of solving and discussing the field's future directions.

scholarly journals Backscattered Visible Light Sensing of Retroreflective Foils Utilizing Random Forest Based Classification for Speed and Movement Direction Determination and Identification of an Indoor Moving Object

Telecom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-599
Author(s):  
Andreas Peter Weiss ◽  
Franz Peter Wenzl
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Light Sensing ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Making the Internet of Things “green” has become a major research focus in recent years. The anticipated massive increase in the numbers of sensor and communication devices makes this endeavor even more important, resulting in various solution approaches ranging from energy harvesting to energy efficient routing schemes. In this work, we propose a system that can perform some of the main tasks of the Internet of Things, namely identification and sensing of an indoor moving object, by the means of visible light sensing in combination with off-the-shelf retroreflective foils, without the necessity to place any actively powered components on the object itself. By utilizing the supervised machine learning approach of random forest, we show that these two tasks can be fulfilled with up to 99.96% accuracy. Based on our previous findings in this regard, we propose some advancements and improvements of the overall system, yielding better results in parallel with an increased complexity of the system. Furthermore, we expand the number of performable tasks toward additional movement direction determination. The achieved results demonstrate the applicability of visible light sensing and its potentials for a “green” Internet of Things.

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