scholarly journals A Translation and Study of Chán Master Jìngxiū’s 淨修禪師 Preface to the Zǔtáng jí 祖堂集

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 974
Author(s):  
Laurent Van Cutsem ◽  
Christoph Anderl
Keyword(s):  
Tenth Century ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
Textual History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Annotated Translation

This paper examines Chán master Jìngxiū’s preface to the original Zǔtáng jí in one scroll, which was presented to him by Jìng and Yún at the Zhāoqìng monastery in Quánzhōu around the mid-tenth century. Building on a recent TEI-based edition, it offers an annotated translation and comprehensive analysis of the preface, with special attention to its structure, linguistic features, and issues of intertextuality. The essay focuses on elements of textual history, the possible incentives behind the compilation of the Zǔtáng jí, and Jìngxiū’s perception of the text. Most importantly, this study investigates in detail two idiomatic expressions used by Jìngxiū (i.e., “[cases of] shuǐhè easily arise”; “[the characters] wū and mǎ are difficult to distinguish”), showing their significance for understanding the preface. In addition, we demonstrate that further research is needed to support the hypothesis according to which the original Zǔtáng jí would correspond to the first two fascicles of the received Goryeo edition of 1245. Eventually, this article serves as the first part of a research summary on the textual history of the Zǔtáng jí aimed at facilitating further studies on this highly important Chán text.

scholarly journals The Qu'ran Manuscripts in the al-Haram al-Sharif Islamic Museum, Jerusalem

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 186-188
Author(s):  
Devin Stewart
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Art History ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Textual History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Arabic Calligraphy ◽  
Selection Of

Founded in 1922 and moved to al-Haram al-Sharif in 1929, the IslamicMuseum in Jerusalem houses artifacts covering nearly all oflslamic historyand originating in North Africa, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, and theMiddle East.This beautifully illustrated volume, published with the support ofUNESCO in both English and Arabic, treats a small part of the Museum'scollection: a selection of its Qur'an manuscripts. The work, divided intothree parts, first introduces the Islamic Museum and its collection, thenprovides background information concerning relevant textual and art history,and finally presents 3 I Qur'an manuscripts in detail.Part One, "The Islamic Museum," gives an overview of theMuseum's holdings, including wood, metalwork, ceramics, glass, tex tiles,coins, stone inscriptions and architectural elements, and documents.Most of the artifacts are material salvaged from repairs to the haram areaor objects from the endowments of the Aqsa mosque and madrasahs inJerusalem, Nablus, and Hebron. The collection includes many exquisitepieces: Umayyad floral woodwork panels from the al-Aqsa Mosque, astriking glass mosque lamp of the Mamluk amir Tankiz from Hebron, andthe salvaged remains of Nur al-Din's pulpit, built in Aleppo in 564/1168and brought to the Aqsa Mosque in 583/1187 by Salah al-Din after hisconquest of Jerusalem. (Unfortunately, the ornate wooden pulpit wasnearly destroyed by arson in I 969.)Part Two, "Background," treats Arabic calligraphy, illumination,bindings, and the textual history of the Qur'an. Kufic, an old, squarescript said to derive from stone inscriptions, is used for the text of the old estQur'an manuscript in the collection and for headings and panels inlater manuscripts.The bulk of the manuscripts are written in the more cursive Naskhiscript, which became popular by the tenth century, and the similar buttaller Thuluth and Muhaqqaq. A number of the collections manscriptsfrom North Africa are written in Maghribi script, which derives fromKufic and differs significantly from the common eastern scripts. This volumeallows the reader to view some stunning examples of illumination ...

The Art of Chinese Philosophy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Goldin
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Han Feizi ◽  
Textual History ◽  
Classical Chinese ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crucial Characteristic ◽  
The Way

This book provides an unmatched introduction to eight of the most important works of classical Chinese philosophy—the Analects of Confucius, Mozi, Mencius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Sunzi, Xunzi, and Han Feizi. The book places these works in rich context that explains the origin and meaning of their compelling ideas. Because none of these classics was written in its current form by the author to whom it is attributed, the book begins by asking, “What are we reading?” and showing that understanding the textual history of the works enriches our appreciation of them. A chapter is devoted to each of the eight works, and the chapters are organized into three sections: “Philosophy of Heaven,” which looks at how the Analects, Mozi, and Mencius discuss, often skeptically, Heaven (tian) as a source of philosophical values; “Philosophy of the Way,” which addresses how Laozi, Zhuangzi, and Sunzi introduce the new concept of the Way (dao) to transcend the older paradigms; and “Two Titans at the End of an Age,” which examines how Xunzi and Han Feizi adapt the best ideas of the earlier thinkers for a coming imperial age. In addition, the book presents explanations of the protean and frequently misunderstood concept of qi—and of a crucial characteristic of Chinese philosophy, nondeductive reasoning. The result is an invaluable account of an endlessly fascinating and influential philosophical tradition.

Capitalisms

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tenth Century ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Circulation Of Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

Conventional accounts often conceive the genesis of capitalism in Europe within the conjunctures of agricultural, commercial, and industrial revolutions. Challenging this widely believed cliché, this volume traces the history of capitalism across civilizations, tenth century onwards, and argues that capitalism was neither a monolithic entity nor exclusively an economic phenomenon confined to the West. Looking at regions as diverse as England, South America, Russia, North Africa, and East, South, West, and Southeast Asia, the book explores the plurality of developments across time and space. The chapters analyse aspects such as historical conjunctures, commodity production and distribution, circulation of knowledge and personnel, and the role of mercantile capital, small producers, and force—all the while stressing the necessity to think beyond present-day national boundaries. The book argues that the multiple histories of capitalism can be better understood from a trans-regional, intercontinental, and interconnected perspective.

scholarly journals The translation and transmission of ‘diatribal’ verbs in the textual traditions of the Zlatostruj collection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Form Equation ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Textual History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Textual Traditions ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Middle Ages

AbstractThe ‘diatribe’ is a dialogical mode of exposition, originating in Hellenistic Greek, where the author dramatically performs different voices in a polemical-didactic discourse. The voice of a fictitious opponent is often disambiguated by means of parenthetical verba dicendi, especially φησί(ν). Although diatribal texts were widely translated into Slavic in the Middle Ages, the textual history of the Zlatostruj collection of Chrysostomic homilies especially suits an investigation not only of how Greek ‘diatribal’ verbs were translated, but also how the Slavic verbs were transmitted or developed in different textual traditions. Over time, Slavic redactional activity led to a homogenization of verb forms. The initial variety of the original translation was partly eliminated, and the verb forms "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" became more firmly established as prototypical diatribal formulae. Especially the (increased) use of the 2sg form "Equation missing" has theoretical consequences for the text’s dialogical structure. Thus, an important dialogical component of the diatribe was reinforced in the Zlatostruj’s textual history on Slavic soil.

Ancient Hinduism as a Missionary Religion

Numen ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Tenth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Part ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe paper is conceptually divided into four parts. In the first part the widely held view that ancient Hinduism was not a missionary religion is presented. (The term ancient is employed to characterize the period in the history of Hinduism extending from fifth century B.C.E. to the tenth century. The term 'missionary religion' is used to designate a religion which places its followers under an obligation to missionize.) In the second part the conception of conversion in the context of ancient Hinduism is clarified and it is explained how this conception differs from the notion of conversion as found in Christianity. In the third part the view that ancient Hinduism was not a missionary religion is challenged by presenting textual evidence that ancient Hinduism was in fact a missionary religion, inasmuch as it placed a well-defined segment of its members under an obligation to undertake missionary activity. Such historical material as serves to confirm the textual evidence is then presented in the fourth part.

A Milestone in the History of Andalusī Bāṭinism: Maslama b. Qāsim al-Qurṭubī’s Riḥla in the East

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-117
Author(s):  
Godefroid de Callataÿ ◽  
Sébastien Moureau
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Comprehensive List ◽  
History Of

Virtually unknown two decades ago, Maslama b. Qāsim al-Qurṭubī (d. 353/964) is today acknowledged as the genuine author of both the Rutbat al-ḥakīm and the Ghāyat al-ḥakīm/Picatrix and, in all likelihood, as the man by whom the encyclopaedic corpus of the Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ was introduced into al-Andalus. In the early 30s of the tenth century, Maslama al-Qurṭubī travelled extensively through the Middle East and pursued there his education under a great number of reputed masters. Through a thorough investigation of the sources at hand, the present paper seeks to reconstrue the various steps of this riḥla by establishing a comprehensive list of the scholars Maslama met with in the Orient. Among the main novelties of this investigation, one points out Maslama’s meeting with Qāsim b. Muṭarrif al-Qaṭṭān, who is commonly regarded by the historians of Arabic science as the author of the first treatise of astronomy ever compiled in al-Andalus.

The Books of Samuel

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-224
Author(s):  
Anneli Aejmelaeus
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Text ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
Masoretic Text ◽  
Textual History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Books Of Samuel ◽  
Textual Research

The textual history of the books of Samuel, both in Greek and in Hebrew, is laden with problems that the researcher needs to be acquainted with, whatever the focus of textual research. The Septuagint translation shows a close word-for-word correspondence to its Hebrew Vorlage, however, not without occasional freedom of translation, especially in lexical choices and grammatical forms, as well as erroneous translation due to defective knowledge of Hebrew. The Hebrew Vorlage used by the translator differed at times substantially from the later Masoretic Text, used for comparison during the early textual history of the Septuagint text as well as in research today. Not only is the Masoretic Text corrupted but it underwent editorial changes until the turn of the era. Textual differences caused by both the translator and the editors of the Hebrew text must have occasioned the repeated revisions of the Greek text by Jewish and Christian scribes.

Legal Fictions in Private Law

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liron Shmilovits
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Private Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Fictions

Legal fictions are falsehoods that the law knowingly relies on. It is the most bizarre feature of our legal system; we know something is false, and we still assume it. But why do we rely on blatant falsehood? What are the implications of doing so? Should we continue to use fictions, and, if not, what is the alternative? Legal Fictions in Private Law answers these questions in an accessible and engaging manner, looking at the history of fictions, the theory of fictions, and current fictions from a practical perspective. It proposes a solution to what to do about fictions going forward, and how to decide whether they should be accepted or rejected. It addresses the latest literature and deals with the law in detail. This book is a comprehensive analysis of legal fictions in private law and a blueprint for reform.

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