scholarly journals A Prelude to Civil War: The Religious Nonprofit Sector as a Civil Means of Debate over Slavery, Christian Higher Education, and Religious Philanthropy in the Stone-Campbell Movement

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Thad S. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Christian Higher Education ◽  
Handwritten Documents ◽  
Butler University ◽  
Religious Philanthropy

This paper examines the role of Christian higher education and religious philanthropy in the debate over slavery prior to the Civil War. Competing religious views regarding slavery led to the founding of Indiana’s abolitionist Butler University. The school’s decision to brazenly support the cause of abolition directly conflicted with the leadership of The Disciples of Christ and mired the Indianapolis school in one of the most impassioned debates about the role of religious practice in civic life in the nineteenth century. In this case, the religious nonprofit sector functioned as battlefield upon which competing forces engaged in a form of civil conflict. An examination of the role of Butler University’s philanthropic action provides fresh insight into the debate over slavery brewing on the eve of Civil War and the way individuals use philanthropic institutions, especially religious institutions, as a means to assert their values within society. Research for this study has employed primary archival research of documents held at Butler University, Christian Theological Seminary, and The Indiana Historical Society. The author has consulted period specific newspapers, journals, and handwritten documents. The author has also employed a host of secondary resources ranging from academic journals and religious histories to personal interviews and literature on the State of Indiana.

Studying Desertion in the spanish Civil War

Desertion ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Théodore McLauchlin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Armed Group ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group Characteristics

This chapter develops the account of desertion primarily in the context of the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939, which clarifies the role of several variables through Spain. It looks at many different organizations on both the rebel side and the Republican side in order to examine the impact of different armed group characteristics on desertion. It uses the Spain case study to understand desertion dynamics in a particularly fascinating civil conflict. The chapter focuses on the Republican side, analyzing the dynamics of its relatively high rate of desertion at various points in the conflict. It demonstrates norms of cooperation and coercion at the micro level to statistically assess individual soldiers' decisions to fight or to flee.

scholarly journals Colonial ties and civil conflict intervention: Clarifying the causal mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwita Chacha ◽  
Szymon Stojek
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
International Security ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
Conflict Intervention

Civil war intervention literature identifies colonial history as influencing the likelihood of interventions. This literature, however, has yet to clarify the mechanisms through which colonial history influences interventions. We develop and test an argument linking the relations established by colonialism—economic, political, and social—with interventions. We find that colonial history influences interventions, but its effect matters less once we control for these three relations. Importantly, we find that this effect of colonial history is particularly small in dyads with stronger economic relations. Our paper gives further credence to liberal arguments emphasizing the role of economic factors in international security.

ADDRESSING THE SECURITY-DEVELOPMENT NEXUS IN POST-CONFLICT SITUATIONS. THE ROLE OF CONSTRUCTION IN REBUILDING STRIFE-TORN COUNTRIES

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Gil
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Central Argument

The scholarly debate on the motives of civil conflict has been driven by explanations based on greed and grievance. Empirically, it has been demonstrated that greed explains the onset of conflict. Therefore, in order to prevent the renewal of civil war, the opportunity cost of the rebels going back toconflict must be raised in post-conflict situations. The central argument of this paper is to address this issue by promoting the construction sector as a tool to create development and achieve security.

scholarly journals YEMENI CIVIL WAR: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND PROSPECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Niaz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Arab Country ◽  
Political Transition ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Socialist Movement

Yemeni conflict reflects the failure of the Yemeni government to address the common needs to its citizen, the uprising of politically marginalized Houthis and the corrupt state, which bring the country into civil war. This article is an attempt to know the causes, consequences, and the role of foreign powers and also the entire situation of Yemeni civil war. Yemen is the poorest Arab country in the world. Due to the effect of the Arab Socialist Movement, Yemen’s Imamate ruling system disintegrated in 1970 and the country divided into two nations, North Yemen and South Yemen. Again in 1990 under the leadership of Ali Abdullah Saleh, both have been united into one nation. The corrupt rule of government, the unhealthy treatment of Houthi minority and the internal conflict made the country more unstable. Political transition happed in 2011 for the stabilization of the country, but it fails to bring peace and finally in 2015 Yemen faces a devastating civil war. Different attempts have been taken by the international community for normalizing the conflict, but all fail to bring peace. The country is suffering the worst humanitarian crisis. Saudi Arabia and Iran is the main player in the conflict. This qualitative study will try to highlight the different scenario of Yemen and also provide an overview of the civil conflict. Keywords: Yemen, Houthis, Civil War, Humanitarian Crisis

scholarly journals The Joint Effect of International and Domestic-Level State Capacity on Civil War Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Zorzeta Bakaki
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
The Government ◽  
Security Guarantees ◽  
Domestic Level

This article examines the role of international and domestic-level factors for strengthening states’ capacity. State failure enhances insecurity, since there is not sufficient agency or institutions to provide adequate security guarantees and to put into operation established rules. When the government is unable to address grievances stemming from such insecurity, armed conflict becomes more likely. Links with external institutions and domestic-level capacity that increases prosperity prevent insurgencies and promote stability, however. To this end, this research develops a new theory linking state capacity and the international and domestic-level factors to internal conflict. Empirically, this study examines the risk of civil conflict onset, focusing on the combined effect of international (political globalisation) and domestic-level (GDP per capita) state capacity as the main driving force. The results show that the joint effect of these factors has a negative impact on civil war risk, which is significantly and substantially important.

Reassessing the Role of Theory and Machine Learning in Forecasting Civil Conflict

2021 ◽  
pp. 002200272098235
Author(s):  
Andreas Beger ◽  
Richard K. Morgan ◽  
Michael D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Structural Factors

We examine the research protocols in Blair and Sambanis’ recent article on forecasting civil wars, where they argue that their theory-based model can predict civil war onsets better than several atheoretical alternatives or a model with country-structural factors. We find that there are several important mistakes and that their key finding is entirely conditional on the use of parametrically smoothed ROC curves when calculating accuracy, rather than the standard empirical ROC curves that dominate the literature. Fixing these mistakes results in a reversal of their claim that theory-based models of escalation are better at predicting onsets of civil war than other kinds of models. Their model is outperformed by several of the ad hoc, putatively non-theoretical models they devise and examine. More importantly, we argue that rather than trying to contrast the roles of theory and “atheoretical” machine learning in predictive modeling, it would be more productive to focus on ways in which predictive modeling and machine learning could be used to strengthen extant predictive work. Instead, we argue that predictive modeling and machine learning are effective tools for theory testing.

Gender Inequality and Internal Conflict

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Forsberg ◽  
Louise Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Role Of Women

Prior research has found robust support for a relationship between gender inequality and civil war. These results all point in the same direction; countries that display lower levels of gender equality are more likely to become involved in civil conflict, and violence is likely to be even more severe, than in countries where women have a higher status. But what does gender inequality mean in this area of research? And how does research explain why we see this effect on civil war? To explore this, we start with reviewing existing definitions and measurements of gender inequality, noting that the concept has several dimensions. We then proceed to outline several clusters of explanations of how gender inequality could be related to civil war while more equal societies are better able to prevent violent conflict, as described in previous research. It is clear that existing misconceptions that gender inequality primarily involves the role of women are clouding the fact that it clearly speaks to much broader societal developments which play central roles in civil war. We conclude by identifying some remaining lacunas and directions for future research.

scholarly journals Antidote to Civil War?

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2 (242)) ◽  
pp. 77-100
Author(s):  
Ioannis D. Stefanidis
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Small States ◽  
World War ◽  
Post War

This paper seeks to reopen the question of legitimacy, and in particular democratic legitimacy, as an important factor affecting the course of European ‘small states’ involved in World War II. It draws attention to previously neglected or understudied but crucial aspects of wartime legitimacy, eminently the role of recognition by foreign powers, the rhetoric of the ‘Big Three’ Allies regarding post-war Europe, and the relevance of democratic legitimacy as a powerful antidote to civil conflict during the period of transition into peacetime.

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