scholarly journals Progress in the Reconstruction of Terrain Relief Before Extraction of Rock Materials—The Case of Liban Quarry, Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roksana Zarychta ◽  
Adrian Zarychta ◽  
Katarzyna Bzdęga
Keyword(s):  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Topographical Relief

Open pit mining leads to irreversible changes in topographical relief, which makes a return to the original morphology virtually impossible. This is important for quarries that were part of former mining areas. This research presents an innovative approach to the reconstruction of the relief of anthropogenically transformed land on the example of Liban Quarry in Cracow, where operations began before 1873 to 1986. The basis for the reconstructed area was a Topographic Map of Poland with a scale 1:10,000 from 1997, from which a set of data was obtained to perform spatial analyses. The estimation was conducted using the ordinary kriging method, enabling a reconstruction of the morphology of the studied area and presenting it in the form of a hypsometric map and a digital elevation model. The correctness of the modelling was verified by cross-validation and a kriging standard deviation map (SDOK). These revealed low values of estimation errors in the places without contour lines on the base map. The comparison of the obtained maps and model with a Tactical Map of Poland with a scale 1:100,000 from 1934 indicated great similarities. The highest interpolation error value was recorded in the part of the pit where the difference between the actual and reconstructed elevation was about 30 m on average. In the exploited part, the SDOK did not exceed 0.52 m, and in the entire studied area, it reached a maximum of 0.56 m. The proposed approach fulfilled the assumptions of reconstruction, as the analysis revealed elements matching the historic relief in both forms of presentation of the topography of the quarry, on the obtained hypsometric map and on the tactical map. Our study is among the very few in the world concerning the application of geostatistics in the restoration of the relief of land transformed by open pit mining activities.

Quality Assessment of Globally Available Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for Mountainous Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Sangay Gyeltshen ◽  
Krisha Kumar Subedi ◽  
Laylo Zaridinova Kamoliddinovna ◽  
Jigme Tenzin
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Alos Palsar ◽  
Aster Gdem ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Individual

The study assessed the accuracies of globally available Digital Elevation Models (DEM’s) i.e., SRTM v3, ASTER GDEM v2 and ALOS PALSAR DEM with respect to Topo-DEM derived from topographic map of 5m contour interval. 100 ground control points of the elevation data were collected with the help of kinematic hand held GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), randomly distributed over the study area. The widely used RMSE statistic, NCC correlation and sub-pixel-based approach were applied to evaluate the erroneous, correlation, horizontal and vertical displacement in terms of pixels for the individual Digital Elevation Model. Following these evaluations, SRTM DEM was found to be highly accurate in terms of RMSE and displacement compared to other DEMs. This study is intended to provide the researchers, GIS specialists and the government agencies dealing with remote sensing and GIS, a basic clue on accuracy of the DEMs so that the best model can be selected for application on various purposes of the similar region.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Atmospheric Effects on Interferograms Using DEM Errors of Fixed Ground Points

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nonaka ◽  
Tomohito Asaka ◽  
Keishi Iwashita
Keyword(s):  
Phase Noise ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Total Phase ◽  
Disaster Monitoring ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Interferometric Sar

High-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are widely used for disaster monitoring. To extract damaged areas automatically, it is essential to understand the relationships among the sensor specifications, acquisition conditions, and land cover. Our previous studies developed a method for estimating the phase noise of interferograms using several pairs of TerraSAR-X series (TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X) datasets. Atmospheric disturbance data are also necessary to interpret the interferograms; therefore, the purpose of this study is to estimate the atmospheric effects by focusing on the difference in digital elevation model (DEM) errors between repeat-pass (two interferometric SAR images acquired at different times) and single-pass (two interferometric SAR images acquired simultaneously) interferometry. Single-pass DEM errors are reduced due to the lack of temporal decorrelation and atmospheric disturbances. At a study site in the city of Tsukuba, a quantitative analysis of DEM errors at fixed ground objects shows that the atmospheric effects are estimated to contribute 75% to 80% of the total phase noise in interferograms.

scholarly journals Upgrade of existing algorithms for creating contour lines on topographic maps of the karst surface

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Neža Ema Komel ◽  
Klemen Kozmus Trajkovski ◽  
Dušan Petrovič
Keyword(s):  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Basic Algorithm ◽  
Commercial Software ◽  
Karst Terrain ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Steep Slopes

Abstract. Today, many software tools enable the production of contour lines from relief models, but the results of modelling complex karst relief are often inadequate. Reasons for this may be limited quality and resolution of relief models, limitations of algorithms for calculating contours, or limitations of algorithms for smoothing and displaying additional symbols that further describe relief, such as slope lines, steep slopes and smaller objects that cannot be effectively displayed with contours, etc.We will present research in the field of improving existing algorithms in rugged karst terrain. As a target result, the presentation of relief on the existing national topographic maps in Slovenia, which were made by manual photogrammetric survey of aerial photos stereo pairs, were used. Slovenian elevation model DMR1 (1 m density) is used as a source for the creation of contour lines in various commercial software packages, and by comparing the results with a relief presentation on a topographic map, we selected the most appropriate basic algorithm. This one is further upgraded mainly by enabling automatic selection of auxiliary contour lines in the area, presentation of individual smaller relief objects with appropriate point or linear symbols, addition of slope lines on contours and indications in the middle of depressions and displacement of contour lines in order to better depict the terrain morphology.The results were tested in four different areas in Slovenia. Figure 1 shows the contour lines for a testing area near village Opatje Selo near Slovenia-Italy border, which were made by the best commercial software. The results of the algorithm are shown in Figure 2. The comparison between the results of the algorithm and the national topographic maps in the chosen scale gave promising results. In future work, we are planning to extend the algorithm so that it will be able to provide modelling of different terrains in the region.

scholarly journals THE DESIGN AND PRODUCT OF NATIONAL 1:1000000 CARTOGRAPHIC DATA OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAP

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
Guizhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Line Graph ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Dynamic Update ◽  
Structure Database ◽  
Database Structure ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Mapping Technology ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Digital Elevation Model Data ◽  
Information Database

National administration of surveying, mapping and geoinformation started to launch the project of national fundamental geographic information database dynamic update in 2012. Among them, the 1:50000 database was updated once a year, furthermore the 1:250000 database was downsized and linkage-updated on the basis. In 2014, using the latest achievements of 1:250000 database, comprehensively update the 1:1000000 digital line graph database. At the same time, generate cartographic data of topographic map and digital elevation model data. This article mainly introduce national 1:1000000 cartographic data of topographic map, include feature content, database structure, Database-driven Mapping technology, workflow and so on.

scholarly journals Environmental monitoring of soil pollution in urban areas (a case study from Heraklion city, Central Crete, Greece)

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 963
Author(s):  
E. Kokinou ◽  
C. Belonaki ◽  
D. Sakadakis ◽  
K. Sakadaki
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Thermomagnetic Analysis ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Main scope of the present study is to combine topographic and geological data, magnetic susceptibility and thermomagnetic analysis in order to investigate the magnetic properties of the near surface soils in possible polluted urban areas. For this purpose, a power plant with a dense traffic net around it, located in the NW section of Heraklion city in Crete was selected to be the study area. Surface soil samples have been collected from the area under investigation and they were analyzed in order to estimate the spatial distribution of the magnetic susceptibility. Loci of high values of the magnetic susceptibility within the study area gave rise to further proceed to thermomagnetic analysis of the selected samples. GIS techniques were used for mapping the magnetic measurements on the various topographic and geological features of the area. The digital elevation model was created by the digitization of the topographic map contours (1:5000 scale maps). The combination of the above techniques indicate high values of the magnetic susceptibility especially in the northeastern part of the investigated area, possibly related to pollution due to the presence of heavy metals.

scholarly journals Dust Dispersion and Its Effect on Vegetation Spectra at Canopy and Pixel Scales in an Open-Pit Mining Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3759
Author(s):  
Baodong Ma ◽  
Xuexin Li ◽  
Ziwei Jiang ◽  
Ruiliang Pu ◽  
Aiman Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Vegetation Canopy ◽  
Dust Pollution ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Dust Effect ◽  
Dust Dispersion ◽  
Pixel Scale

Dust pollution is severe in some mining areas in China due to rapid industrial development. Dust deposited on the vegetation canopy may change its spectra. However, a relationship between canopy spectra and dust amount has not been quantitatively studied, and a pixel-scale condition for remote sensing application has not been considered yet. In this study, the dust dispersion characteristics in an iron mining area were investigated using the American Meteorological Society (AMS) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulatory model (AERMOD). Further, based on the three-dimensional discrete anisotropic radiative transfer (DART) model, the spectral characteristics of vegetation canopy under the dusty condition were simulated, and the influence of dustfall on vegetation canopy spectra was studied. Finally, the dust effect on vegetation spectra at the canopy scale was extended to a pixel scale, and the response of dust effect on vegetation spectra at the pixel scale was determined under different fractional vegetation covers (FVCs). The experimental results show that the dust pollution along a haul road was more severe and extensive than that in a stope. Taking dust dispersion along the road as an example, the variation of vegetation canopy spectra increased with the height of dust deposited on the vegetation canopy. At the pixel scale, a lower vegetation FVC would weaken the influence of dust on the spectra. The results derived from simulation spectral data were tested using satellite remote sensing images. The tested result indicates that the influence of dust retention on the pixel spectra with different FVCs was consistent with that created with the simulated data. The finding could be beneficial for those making decisions on monitoring vegetation under dusty conditions and reducing dust pollution in mining areas using remote sensing technology.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis Using Temporal Point Clouds in Advanced GIS: Methods for Ground Elevation Extraction in Slant Areas and Building Classifications

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Shirowzhan ◽  
Samad Sepasgozar
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis

Deriving 3D urban development patterns is necessary for urban planners to control the future directions of 3D urban growth considering the availability of infrastructure or being prepared for fundamental infrastructure. Urban metrics have been used so far for quantification of landscape and land-use change. However, these studies focus on the horizontal development of urban form. Therefore, questions remain about 3D growth patterns. Both 3D data and appropriate 3D metrics are fundamentally required for vertical development pattern extraction. Airborne light detection and ranging (Lidar) as an advanced remote-sensing technology provides 3D data required for such studies. Processing of airborne lidar to extract buildings’ heights above a footprint is a major task and current automatic algorithms fail to extract such information on vast urban areas especially in hilly sites. This research focuses on proposing new methods of extraction of ground points in hilly urban areas using autocorrelation-based algorithms. The ground points then would be used for digital elevation model generation and elimination of ground elevation from classified buildings points elevation. Technical novelties in our experimentation lie in choosing a different window direction and also contour lines for the slant area, and applying moving windows and iterating non-ground extraction. The results are validated through calculation of skewness and kurtosis values. The results show that changing the shape of windows and their direction to be narrow long squares parallel to the ground contour lines, respectively, improves the results of classification in slant areas. Four parameters, namely window size, window shape, window direction and cell size are empirically chosen in order to improve initial digital elevation model (DEM) creation, enhancement of the initial DEM, classification of non-ground points and final creation of a normalised digital surface model (NDSM). The results of these enhanced algorithms are robust for generating reliable DEMs and separation of ground and non-ground points in slant urban scenes as evidenced by the results of skewness and kurtosis. Offering the possibility of monitoring urban growth over time with higher accuracy and more reliable information, this work could contribute in drawing the future directions of 3D urban growth for a smarter urban growth in the Smart Cities paradigm.

scholarly journals Transformations of Landscape Topography of the Bełchatów Coal Mine (Central Poland) and the Surrounding Area Based on DEM Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Jaskulski ◽  
Tomasz Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
German Army ◽  
Terrain Models ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Dem Analysis ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Topographical Maps

The authors analyze topography changes related to the construction and operation of the Bełchatów Brown Coal Open Mine and Power Plant, one of Europe’s larger open-pit mines, situated in central Poland. In order to achieve this, a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) is prepared, based on archival materials from the pre-investment period. Source materials include German topographical maps, issued in 1944 by the Supreme High Command of the German Army (Oberkommando des Heeres/Generalstab). The second model of the same area is prepared based on DEM data included in the Topographical Database available by CODGiK (Main Centre of Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation). The preparation of two terrain models from different periods make it possible to evaluate the changes in the morphometry. Both models are compared using ArcGIS (ESRI) tools. The comparative analysis of the models allows for observing topography changes resulting from anthropogenic transformations related to the construction of the Brown Coal Open Mine Bełchatów and Power Plant complex.

A New Method for Calculating the Volume of Debris Flow Using GIS and RS Technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 511-512 ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
Wen Ju Du ◽  
Bing Xie ◽  
Hui Xi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gis And Rs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Formula

In this paper, two digital elevation models of debris flow in Yingxiu mountain area are generated; one is from contour lines with manual interpretation before earthquake and the other is from high resolution aerial photos using MapMatrix software. By analyzing three random points which are not in the same edge, a new formula for calculating the volume from these three points to their projection on the datum plane is derived. Then, the volumes of the two DEMs before and after earthquake can be calculated, and the volume of the total debris flow is the difference of those two.

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