Assessment of Shoreline Transformation Rates and Landslide Monitoring on the Bank of Kuibyshev Reservoir (Russia) Using Multi-Source Data

This study focuses on the Kuibyshev reservoir (Volga River basin, Russia)—the largest in Eurasia and the third in the world by area (6150 km2). The objective of this paper is to quantitatively assess the dynamics of reservoir bank landslides and shoreline abrasion at active zones based on the integrated use of modern instrumental methods (i.e., terrestrial laser scanning—TLS, unmanned aerial vehicle—UAV, and a global navigation satellite system—GNSS) and GIS analysis of historical imagery. A methodology for the application of different methods of instrumental assessment of abrasion and landslide processes is developed. Different approaches are used to assess the intensity of landslide and abrasion processes: the specific volume and material loss index, the planar displacement of the bank scarp, and the planar-altitude analysis of displaced soil material based on the analysis of slope profiles. Historical shoreline position (1958, 1985, and 1987) was obtained from archival aerial photo data, whereas data for 1975, 1993, 2010, 2011, and 2012 were obtained from high-resolution satellite image interpretation. Field surveys of the geomorphic processes from 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2014 were carried out using Trimble M3 and Trimble VX total stations; in 2012–2014 and 2019 TLS and UAV surveys were made, respectively. The monitoring of landslide processes showed that the rate of volumetric changes at Site 1 remained rather stable during the measurement period with net material losses of 0.03–0.04 m−3 m−2 yr−1. The most significant contribution to the average annual value of the material loss was snowmelt runoff. The landslide scarp retreat rate at Site 2 showed a steady decreasing trend, due to partial overgrowth of the landslide accumulation zone resulting in its relative stabilization. The average long-term landslide scarp retreat rate is—2.3 m yr−1. In 2019 earthworks for landscaping at this site have reduced the landslide intensity by more than 2.5 times to—0.84 m yr−1.

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Assessment of modern shoreline transformation rates on the banks of one of the largest reservoirs in the world (Kuibyshev reservoir, Russia) using instrumental methods

10.22541/au.162581923.30605848/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Oleg P. Yermolayev ◽

Bulat Usmanov ◽

Artur Gafurov ◽

Jean Poesen ◽

Evgeniya Vedeneeva

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Satellite Image ◽

Image Interpretation ◽

Control Measures ◽

Kuibyshev Reservoir ◽

Material Loss ◽

Relative Stabilization ◽

Landslide Processes ◽

Loss Index ◽

Instrumental Methods

The study object is the Kuibyshev reservoir. The objective is to quantitatively assess reservoir bank landslides and shoreline abrasion in active zones based on the integrated use of modern instrumental methods. Different approaches are used to assess the intensity of landslide and abrasion processes: the specific volume and material loss index, the planar displacement of the bank scarp, and the planar-altitude analysis displacements of soil masses based on the analysis of slope profiles. Shoreline position for the past periods (1958, 1985, and 1987) was obtained from archival aerial photography data; data for 1975, 1993, 2010, 2011, and 2012 were obtained from high-resolution satellite image interpretation. Field surveys of these geomorphic processes at the study areas in 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2014 were carried out using total stations; in 2012-2014 using terrestrial laser scanning and a UAV survey in 2019. The monitoring of landslide processes showed that the rate of volumetric changes at Site 1 remained rather stable during the measurement period with net material losses of 0.03-0.04 m3/m2/year. The most significant contribution to the average annual value of material loss was by snowmelt runoff. The landslide scarp retreat rate at Site 2 showed a steady decreasing trend, due to partial overgrowth of the landslide accumulation zone resulting in its relative stabilization. The average long-term landslide scarp retreat rate is 2.3 m/year. In recent years, landslide control measures realized at this site have reduced the landsliding intensity by more than 2.5 times to 0.84 m/year

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HEIGHT DETERMINATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE NEXT NATIONAL HEIGHT SYSTEM OF FINLAND - A CASE STUDY

Geodesy and Cartography ◽

10.3846/20296991.2015.1120387 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 145-155

Author(s):

Timo Saari ◽

Markku Poutanen ◽

Veikko Saaranen ◽

Harri Kaartinen ◽

Antero Kukko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Satellite System ◽

Reference Station ◽

Virtual Reference ◽

Precise Levelling ◽

Height Determination ◽

Weak Points ◽

Global Navigation Satellite

Precise levelling is known for its accuracy and reliability in height determination, but the process itself is slow, laborious and expensive. We have started a project to study methods for height determination that could decrease the creation time of national height systems without losing the accuracy and reliability that is needed for them. In the pilot project described here, we study some of the alternative techniques with a pilot field test where we compared them with the precise levelling. The purpose of the test is not to evaluate the mutual superiority or suitability of the techniques, but to establish the background for a larger test and to find strong and weak points of each technique. The techniques chosen for this study were precise levelling, Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) levelling, which included static Global Positioning System (GPS) and Virtual Reference Station (VRS) measurements. This research highlighted the differences of the studied techniques and gave insights about the framework and procedure for the later experiments. The research will continue in a larger scale, where the suitability of the techniques regarding the height systems is to be determined.

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Estimation of diameter at breast height from mobile laser scanning data collected under a heavy forest canopy

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/28/2017-jfs ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 433-441 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Čerňava Juraj ◽

Tuček Ján ◽

Koreň Milan ◽

Mokroš Martin

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Mean Squared Error ◽

Satellite System ◽

Tree Level ◽

Efficient Technology ◽

Mobile Mapping ◽

Mobile Mapping System ◽

Global Navigation Satellite ◽

Short Time

Mobile laser scanning (MLS) is time-efficient technology of geospatial data collection that proved its ability to provide accurate measurements in many fields. Mobile innovation of the terrestrial laser scanning has a potential to collect forest inventory data on a tree level from large plots in a short time. Valuable data, collected using mobile mapping system (MMS), becomes very difficult to process when Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) outages become too long. A heavy forest canopy blocking the GNSS signal and limited accessibility can make mobile mapping very difficult. This paper presents processing of data collected by MMS under a heavy forest canopy. DBH was estimated from MLS point cloud using three different methods. Root mean squared error varied between 2.65 and 5.57 cm. Our research resulted in verification of the influence of MLS coverage of tree stem on the accuracy of DBH data.

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Processing Chain for Estimation of Tree Diameter from GNSS-IMU-Based Mobile Laser Scanning Data

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11060615 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 615 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Juraj Čerňava ◽

Martin Mokroš ◽

Ján Tuček ◽

Michal Antal ◽

Zuzana Slatkovská

Keyword(s):

Point Cloud ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Point Clouds ◽

Satellite System ◽

Forest Road ◽

Forest Mapping ◽

Fitting Method ◽

Progressive Technology ◽

Global Navigation Satellite

Mobile laser scanning (MLS) is a progressive technology that has already demonstrated its ability to provide highly accurate measurements of road networks. Mobile innovation of the laser scanning has also found its use in forest mapping over the last decade. In most cases, existing methods for forest data acquisition using MLS result in misaligned scenes of the forest, scanned from different views appearing in one point cloud. These difficulties are caused mainly by forest canopy blocking the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal and limited access to the forest. In this study, we propose an approach to the processing of MLS data of forest scanned from different views with two mobile laser scanners under heavy canopy. Data from two scanners, as part of the mobile mapping system (MMS) Riegl VMX-250, were acquired by scanning from five parallel skid trails that are connected to the forest road. Misaligned scenes of the forest acquired from different views were successfully extracted from the raw MLS point cloud using GNSS time based clustering. At first, point clouds with correctly aligned sets of ground points were generated using this method. The loss of points after the clustering amounted to 33.48%. Extracted point clouds were then reduced to 1.15 m thick horizontal slices, and tree stems were detected. Point clusters from individual stems were grouped based on the diameter and mean GNSS time of the cluster acquisition. Horizontal overlap was calculated for the clusters from individual stems, and sufficiently overlapping clusters were aligned using the OPALS ICP module. An average misalignment of 7.2 mm was observed for the aligned point clusters. A 5-cm thick horizontal slice of the aligned point cloud was used for estimation of the stem diameter at breast height (DBH). DBH was estimated using a simple circle-fitting method with a root-mean-square error of 3.06 cm. The methods presented in this study have the potential to process MLS data acquired under heavy forest canopy with any commercial MMS.

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UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE LASER SCANNING FOR EROSION MONITORING IN ALPINE GRASSLAND

ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-w5-405-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol IV-2/W5 ◽

pp. 405-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Mayr ◽

M. Bremer ◽

M. Rutzinger ◽

C. Geitner

Keyword(s):

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽

Point Cloud ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Test Site ◽

Satellite System ◽

Alpine Grassland ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Aerial Vehicle ◽

Geomorphological Changes ◽

Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract. With this contribution we assess the potential of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based laser scanning for monitoring shallow erosion in Alpine grassland. A 3D point cloud has been acquired by unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning (ULS) at a test site in the subalpine/alpine elevation zone of the Dolomites (South Tyrol, Italy). To assess its accuracy, this point cloud is compared with (i) differential global navigation satellite system (GNSS) reference measurements and (ii) a terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point cloud. The ULS point cloud and an airborne laser scanning (ALS) point cloud are rasterized into digital surface models (DSMs) and, as a proof-of-concept for erosion quantification, we calculate the elevation difference between the ULS DSM from 2018 and the ALS DSM from 2010. For contiguous spatial objects of elevation change, the volumetric difference is calculated and a land cover class (bare earth, grassland, trees), derived from the ULS reflectance and RGB colour, is assigned to each change object. In this test, the accuracy and density of the ALS point cloud is mainly limiting the detection of geomorphological changes. Nevertheless, the plausibility of the results is confirmed by geomorphological interpretation and documentation in the field. A total eroded volume of 672&thinsp;m3 is estimated for the test site (48&thinsp;ha). Such volumetric estimates of erosion over multiple years are a key information for improving sustainable soil management. Based on this proof-of-concept and the accuracy analysis, we conclude that repeated ULS campaigns are a well-suited tool for erosion monitoring in Alpine grassland.

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Spatially continuous mapping of snow depth in high alpine catchments using digital photogrammetry

The Cryosphere Discussions ◽

10.5194/tcd-8-3297-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 3297-3333 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Y. Bühler ◽

M. Marty ◽

L. Egli ◽

J. Veitinger ◽

T. Jonas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Resolution ◽

Snow Depth ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Continuous Mapping ◽

Satellite System ◽

Image Correlation ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Optical Scanners ◽

Alpine Catchments ◽

Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract. Information on snow depth and its spatial distribution is crucial for many applications in snow and avalanche research as well as in hydrology and ecology. Today snow depth distributions are usually estimated using point measurements performed by automated weather stations and observers in the field combined with interpolation algorithms. However, these methodologies are not able to capture the high spatial variability of the snow depth distribution present in alpine terrain. Continuous and accurate snow depth mapping has been done using laser scanning but this method can only cover limited areas and is expensive. We use the airborne ADS80 opto-electronic scanner with 0.25 m spatial resolution to derive digital surface models (DSMs) of winter and summer terrains in the neighborhood of Davos, Switzerland. The DSMs are generated using photogrammetric image correlation techniques based on the multispectral nadir and backward looking sensor data. We compare these products with the following independent datasets acquired simultaneously: (a) manually measured snow depth plots (b) differential Global Navigation Satellite System (dGNSS) points (c) Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and (d) Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) datasets, to assess the accuracy of the photogrammetric products. The results of this investigation demonstrate the potential of optical scanners for wide-area, continuous and high spatial resolution snow-depth mapping over alpine catchments above tree line.

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MOVING OBJECT CLASSIFICATION USING MULTILAYER LASER SCANNING WITH SPACE SUBDIVISION FRAMEWORK

ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-annals-v-4-2020-103-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol V-4-2020 ◽

pp. 103-108

Author(s):

M. Nakagawa ◽

M. Taguchi

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Object Classification ◽

Point Clouds ◽

Satellite System ◽

Space Subdivision ◽

Position Data ◽

Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract. In this paper, we focus on the development of intelligent construction vehicles to improve the safety of workers in construction sites. Generally, global navigation satellite system positioning is utilized to obtain the position data of workers and construction vehicles. However, construction fields in urban areas have poor satellite positioning environments. Therefore, we have developed a 3D sensing unit mounted on a construction vehicle for worker position data acquisition. The unit mainly consists of a multilayer laser scanner. We propose a real-time object measurement, classification and tracking methodology with the multilayer laser scanner. We also propose a methodology to estimate and visualize object behaviors with a spatial model based on a space subdivision framework consisting of agents, activities, resources, and modifiers. We applied the space subdivision framework with a geofencing approach using real-time object classification and tracking results estimated from temporal point clouds. Our methodology was evaluated using temporal point clouds acquired from a construction vehicle in drilling works.

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GEOMATIC METHODS APPLIED TO THE CHANGE STUDY OF THE LA PAÚL ROCK GLACIER, SPANISH PYRENEES

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w13-1771-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XLII-2/W13 ◽

pp. 1771-1775

Author(s):

A. Martínez-Fernández ◽

E. Serrano ◽

J. J. Sanjosé ◽

M. Gómez-Lende ◽

A. Pisabarro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Satellite System ◽

Ice Age ◽

Rock Glacier ◽

Glacier Surface ◽

The North ◽

Spanish Pyrenees ◽

Gnss Receivers ◽

Rock Glaciers ◽

Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract. Rock glaciers are one of the most important features of the mountain permafrost in the Pyrenees. La Paúl is an active rock glacier located in the north face of the Posets massif in the La Paúl glacier cirque (Spanish Pyrenees). This study presents the preliminary results of the La Paúl rock glacier monitoring works carried out through two geomatic technologies since 2013: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) devices. Displacements measured on the rock glacier surface have demonstrated both the activity of the rock glacier and the utility of this equipment for the rock glaciers dynamic analysis. The glacier has exhibited the fastest displacements on its west side (over 35&thinsp;cm&thinsp;yr&minus;1), affected by the Little Ice Age, and frontal area (over 25&thinsp;cm&thinsp;yr&minus;1). As an indicator of permafrost in marginal environments and its peculiar morphology, La Paúl rock glacier encourages a more prolonged study and to the application of more geomatic techniques for its detailed analysis.

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Feasibility of Mobile Laser Scanning towards Operational Accurate Road Rut Depth Measurements

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21041180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1180

Author(s):

Aimad El Issaoui ◽

Ziyi Feng ◽

Matti Lehtomäki ◽

Eric Hyyppä ◽

Hannu Hyyppä ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inertial Measurement Unit ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Satellite System ◽

Measurement Unit ◽

High Definition ◽

Depth Measurement ◽

Laser Scanners ◽

Fully Automatic ◽

Global Navigation Satellite ◽

Automatic Algorithm

This paper studied the applicability of the Roamer-R4DW mobile laser scanning (MLS) system for road rut depth measurement. The MLS system was developed by the Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI), and consists of two mobile laser scanners and a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-inertial measurement unit (IMU) positioning system. In the study, a fully automatic algorithm was developed to calculate and analyze the rut depths, and verified in 64 reference pavement plots (1.0 m × 3.5 m). We showed that terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data is an adequate reference for MLS-based rutting studies. The MLS-derived rut depths based on 64 plots resulted in 1.4 mm random error, which can be considered adequate precision for operational rutting depth measurements. Such data, also covering the area outside the pavement, would be ideal for multiple road environment applications since the same data can also be used in applications, from high-definition maps to autonomous car navigation and digitalization of street environments over time and in space.

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Combining Sentinel-1 Interferometry and Ground-Based Geomatics Techniques for Monitoring Buildings Affected by Mass Movements

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13030452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 452

Author(s):

Xue Chen ◽

Vladimiro Achilli ◽

Massimo Fabris ◽

Andrea Menin ◽

Michele Monego ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Large Scale ◽

Ground Deformation ◽

Satellite System ◽

Mass Movements ◽

The North ◽

Geological Processes ◽

Multi Temporal ◽

Image Pixels ◽

Global Navigation Satellite

Mass movements represent a serious threat to the stability of human structures and infrastructures, and cause loss of lives and severe damages to human properties every year worldwide. Built structures located on potentially unstable slopes are susceptible to deformations due to the displacement of the ground that at worst can lead to total destruction. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired by Sentinel-1 satellites and processed by multi-temporal interferometric SAR (MT-InSAR) techniques can measure centimeter to millimeter-level displacement with weekly to monthly updates, characterizing long-term large-scale behavior of the buildings and slopes. However, the spatial resolution and short wavelength weaken the performance of Sentinel-1 in recognizing features (i.e., single buildings) inside image pixels and maintaining the coherence in mountainous vegetated areas. We have proposed and applied a methodology that combines Sentinel-1 interferometry with ground-based geomatics techniques, i.e., global navigation satellite system (GNSS), terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and terrestrial structure from motion photogrammetry (SfM), for fully assessing building deformations on a slope located in the north-eastern Italian pre-Alps. GNSS allows verifying the ground deformation estimated by MT-InSAR and provides a reference system for the TLS and SfM measurements, while TLS and SfM allow the behavior of buildings located in the investigated slope to be monitored in great detail. The obtained results show that damaged buildings are located in the most unstable sectors of the slope, but there is no direct relationship between the rate of ground deformation of these sectors and the temporal evolution of damages to a single building, indicating that mass movements cause the displacement of blocks of buildings and each of them reacts differently according to its structural properties. This work shows the capability of MT-InSAR, GNSS, TLS and SfM in monitoring both buildings and geological processes that affect their stability, which plays a key role in geohazard analysis and assessment.

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