scholarly journals High-Resolution Direct Push Sensing in Wetland Geoarchaeology—First Traces of Off-Site Construction Activities at the Fossa Carolina

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4647
Author(s):  
Johannes Rabiger-Völlmer ◽  
Johannes Schmidt ◽  
Ulrike Werban ◽  
Peter Dietrich ◽  
Lukas Werther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Minimal Invasive ◽  
Central European ◽  
Direct Push ◽  
Thermoluminescence Dating ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Magnetic Mass ◽  
Ground Truthing

Wetland environments, with their excellent conservation conditions, provide geoarchaeological archives of past human activities. However, the subsurface soil is difficult to access due to high groundwater tables, unstable sediments, and the high cost of excavation. In this study, we present a ground-based non- and minimal-invasive prospection concept adapted to the conditions of wetlands. We investigated the Fossa Carolina in South Germany, a canal that was intended in 792/793 AD by Charlemagne to bridge the Central European Watershed. Although the resulting Carolingian banks and the fairway with wooden revetments are very imposing, archaeological traces of off-site construction activities have not been identified hitherto. Based on a geophysically surveyed intensive linear magnetic anomaly parallel to the Carolingian canal, we aimed to prove potential off-site traces of Carolingian construction activities. In this context, we built up a high-resolution cross-section using highly depth-accurate direct push sensing and ground-truthing. Our results showed the exact geometry of the canal and the former banks. Thus, the magnetic mass anomaly could be clearly located between the buried organic-rich topsoil and the Carolingian banks. The thermoluminescence dating showed that the position of the magnetic mass anomaly reflected Carolingian activities during the construction phases, specifically due to heat exposure. Moreover, we found hints of the groundwater supply to the 5-metre wide navigable fairway.

HIGH-RESOLUTION STRATIGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF UNCONSOLIDATED DEPOSITS USING DIRECT-PUSH ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY LOGGING: A FLOODPLAIN-MARGIN EXAMPLE

2004 ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCIA K. SCHULMEISTER ◽  
JAMES J. BUTLER ◽  
EVAN K. FRANSEEN ◽  
DOUGLAS A. WYSOCKI ◽  
JAMES A. DOOLITTLE
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Direct Push

Direct-Push Electrical Conductivity Logging for High-Resolution Hydrostratigraphic Characterization

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Schulmeister ◽  
J.J. Butler ◽  
J.M. Healey ◽  
L. Zheng ◽  
D.A. Wysocki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Direct Push

High-resolution nowcasting and its application in road maintenance: experiences from the INCA Central European area project

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-546
Author(s):  
Alexander Kann ◽  
Franziska Schmid ◽  
Alenka Šajn Slak ◽  
Clemens Wastl ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Area

scholarly journals Identification of a Threshold Minimum Area for Reflectance Retrieval from Thermokarst Lakes and Ponds Using Full-Pixel Data from Sentinel-2

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Freitas ◽  
Gonçalo Vieira ◽  
João Canário ◽  
Diogo Folhas ◽  
Warwick Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Thermokarst Lakes ◽  
High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Complementary Approach ◽  
Boundary Definition ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Sentinel 2

Thermokarst waterbodies caused by permafrost thawing and degradation are ubiquitous in many subarctic and Arctic regions. They are globally important components of the biogeochemical carbon cycle and have potential feedback effects on climate. These northern waters are mostly small lakes and ponds, and although they may be mapped using very high-resolution satellites or aerial photography, these approaches are generally not suitable for monitoring purposes, due to the cost and limited availability of such images. In this study we evaluated the potential use of widely available high-resolution imagery from Sentinel-2 (S2) for the characterization of the spectral reflectance of thermokarst lakes and ponds. Specifically, we aimed to define the minimum lake area that could be reliably imaged, and to identify challenges and solutions for remote sensing of such waters in the future. The study was conducted in subarctic Canada, in the vicinity of Whapmagoostui-Kuujjuarapik (Nunavik, Québec), an area in the sporadic permafrost zone with numerous thermokarst waterbodies that vary greatly in size. Ground truthing lake reflectance data were collected using an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) fitted with a multispectral camera that collected images at 13 cm resolution. The results were compared with reflectance from Sentinel-2 images, and the effect of lake area on the reflectance response was assessed. Our results show that Sentinel-2 imagery was suitable for waterbodies larger than 350 m2 once their boundaries were defined, which in the two test sites would allow monitoring from 11% to 30% of the waterbodies and 73% to 85% of the total lake area. Challenges for remote sensing of small lakes include the confounding effects of water reflection (both direct radiation and diffuse), wind and shadow. Given the small threshold area and frequent revisit time, Sentinel-2 provides a valuable approach towards the continuous monitoring of waterbodies, including ponds and small lakes such as those found in thermokarst landscapes. UASs provide a complementary approach for ground truthing and boundary definition.

scholarly journals Central European high-resolution gridded daily data sets (HYRAS): Mean temperature and relative humidity

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Frick ◽  
Heiko Steiner ◽  
Alex Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Ulf Riediger ◽  
Monika Rauthe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Central European ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Daily Data

Rhizosphere Volatile Organic Compounds: A real-time approach using diffusive soil probes on a controlled Tropical Rainforest

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Gil Loaiza ◽  
Laura Meredith ◽  
Jordan Krechmer ◽  
Megan Claflin ◽  
Rob Roscioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Subsurface Soil ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Microbe Interactions

<p>Microbial metabolic functions and biogeochemical pathways of the complex rhizosphere-soil-microbe interactions change with aboveground vegetation and the ecosystem response to environmental changes. Soil trace gases and current genomic approaches have been valuable to characterize in-situ microbial activity. However, there is a lack of understanding of the complexity of the belowground processes, the time frame of microbial community responses to environmental changes and the degree to which microbial activity can be inferred current -omics approaches. In the nitrogen cycling at a field scale, microbial diversity or gene abundance sometimes does not explain N<sub>2</sub>O emissions or even gene expression, there some bacteria that cannot be cultivated, and in general –omics involve destructive soil sampling that is prone to changes of the in-situ soil conditions. Additionally, field soil sampling may not capture the heterogeneity of the soil or specific area of study.</p><p>Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) produced in the rhizosphere play an important role in microbial nutrient cycling. VOCs are produced by plants and microorganisms as a response to biotic or biotic stressors or the type of carbon sources available.</p><p>Here, we present how subsurface soil gas measurements in an enclosed ecosystem during the Water, Atmosphere, and Life Dynamics experiment (B2-WALD) at the Tropical Rainforest biome of Biosphere 2 (Arizona, USA) during an induced controlled drought. We present initial results of a unique non-destructive approach that simultaneously couples a) new hydrophobic-porous subsurface soil probes, b) high-resolution Tunable Infrared Laser Direct Absorption Spectrometers (TILDAS) to analyze in situ trace gas isotopomers, and c) a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (VOCUS, high resolution volatile organic compound gas analyzer) for VOC quantification. We measured soil gas isotopic composition of N<sub>2</sub>O and VOCs-- comparing rhizosphere and control areas before and during the drought. We will focus our discussion on VOCs and its potential as makers of microbial interactions and signaling as a response to an environmental stressor like drought.</p><p>In this project, we demonstrate the feasibility of online coupling of soil probes with high-resolution instrumentation to measure products from nitrogen cycling and nonmethane VOC production in soils as a response to soil-plant microbe interactions. In addition, this approach could be a potential tool to constraint inferences derived from different –omics approaches.</p>

High-resolution geomorphological mapping of the Pico and Cisnes basins, Patagonia (44-45°S)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Cooper ◽  
Varyl Thorndycraft ◽  
Bethan Davies ◽  
Adrian Palmer ◽  
Juan García
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Temporal Response ◽  
Geomorphological Mapping ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Geomorphological Map ◽  
Ground Truthing ◽  
Geomorphological Evolution ◽  
Glacier Advance

<p>The drivers of latitudinal variations in glacier advance/retreat in Patagonia remain a fundamental question in palaeo-glacier studies. Broader climatic influences that underpin large-scale glacial fluctuations are mediated by topographic, calving, and process-related controls. A key step in understanding the relative importance of these factors in localised glacier response is a thorough investigation of geomorphological evolution.</p><p>In southern South America, large ice-lobes associated with the eastern flanks of the former Patagonian Ice Sheet terminated in the stepparian foothills. The geomorphological records accompanying these palaeo-glaciers represent an invaluable tool for reconstructing past glacier fluctuations. In the Pico and Cisnes valleys (44-45<sup>o</sup>S), ice-lobes underwent multiple advances, likely since the onset of the Great Patagonian Glaciation (~1.1 Myrs ago). The first account of Pico glacial geomorphology and the recognition of palaeo-lake existence was made by Caldenius (1932). Since then, only limited geomorphological investigations of the valley have been undertaken. </p><p>Here we present a high-resolution geomorphological map of the Pico-Cisnes valleys based on mapping from satellite imagery at a 1:5000 scale, supported by ground-truthing in the field. Newly mapped ice limits, glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial landforms are presented and include moraines, palaeo-shorelines, ice-contact fans, crag and tails, glacially-scoured bedrock, outwash plains and meltwater channels. These landforms provide new insights into landscape evolution essential in understanding the complex glacial/glaciolacustrine processes of the Cisnes and Pico valleys. Moreover, such data will underpin new geochronological frameworks, and allow fresh insights into the spatial and temporal response of these central Patagonian palaeo-glaciers to the onset of deglaciation.</p><p> </p>

The Optical Image Probe as a tool for high resolution site characterisation (HRSC) in landfills - a testcase

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Vercruyssen ◽  
Martijn Naert ◽  
Pieter Buffel ◽  
Samuel Van Herreweghe ◽  
Herman Brangers
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Optical Image ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Direct Push ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
Data Density ◽  
Site Characterisation ◽  
Visual Light

<p>Older landfills are notorious for being vague black boxes. The amount, type and location of the dumped material was rarely or inaccurately recorded. This lack of information can be a problem during redevelopment projects, remining projects and risk assessments for the landfill. To decrease the analytical and spatial uncertainties in the conceptual model of the landfill during these investigations, we need accurate sampling and analysis methods but also sufficient amount of data. A High Resolution Site Characterisation (HRSC) approach is based on measurements and data density that are in the same order of heterogeneity of the site. This approach, that we apply on a daily base in soil contamination projects, was applied in collaboration with Witteveen+Bos on a former landfill site in Flanders. In this project an Optical Image Probe (OIP) combined with Electrical Conductivity (EC) measurements was used with a direct push rig. Using this probe, at a rate of 1 frame each 1.5cm, the subsoil layers were explored with a visual light camera integrated in the probe. The data were studied and compared to landfill trenches to identify the layers. It could be concluded that the probing’s were a good supplement to the trench data. This because of the speed of data acquisition, the less intrusive character and reduced Health and Safety concerns for workers and surrounding.</p>

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