scholarly journals A Monte Carlo Emissivity Model for Wind-Roughened Sea Surface

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Cheng ◽  
Xiaolong Cheng ◽  
Xiangchen Meng ◽  
Guanhua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Computational Efficiency ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Effective Emissivity ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
The Absolute

Sea surface emissivity (SSE) is a key variable in the estimation of sea surface temperature and the sea surface radiation budget. A physical base SSE model with adequate accuracy and acceptable computational efficiency is highly desired. This paper develops a Monte Carlo ray-tracing model to compute the SSE of a wind-roughened sea surface. The adoption of a two-dimensional continuous surface model and averaging the two polarization components in advance before ray-tracing gives the model acceptable computational efficiency. The developed model can output the contributions of direct emission and the reflected component to the effective emissivity. The contribution of the reflected component to the effective emissivity reaches 0.035 at an 80° emission angle for a wind speed larger than 10 m/s. The emissivity spectra and channel emissivities collected from two field campaigns and one set of outdoor measurements are used to validate the developed model. Statistical results indicate that the absolute value of bias or difference is less than 0.5% when the view angle is less than 65°, which means the retrieval accuracy of sea surface temperature (SST) is guaranteed from the view of SSE. When the view angle increases, the accuracy of the developed model degraded, especially at the view angle of 85°. Without considering this view angle, the absolute value of bias or difference is less than 0.016, and the root mean square difference (RMSD) is less than 0.018.

scholarly journals On the Influence of Sea Surface Temperature distributions on the Development of Extratropical Cyclones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai BUI ◽  
Thomas Spengler
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Extratropical Cyclones ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Sst Gradient

AbstractThe sea surface temperature (SST) distribution can modulate the development of extratropical cyclones through sensible and latent heat fluxes. However, the direct and indirect effects of these surface fluxes, and thus the SST, are still not well understood. This study tackles this problem using idealized channel simulations of moist baroclinic development under the influence of surface fluxes. The model is initialized with a zonal wind field resembling the midlatitude jet and a different SST distribution for each experiment, where the absolute SST, the SST gradient, and the meridional position of the SST front are varied.The surface latent heat flux associated with the absolute SST plays a key role in enhancing the moist baroclinic development, while the sensible heat fluxes associated with the SST gradient play a minor role that can be detrimental for the development of the cyclone. The additional moisture provided by the latent heat fluxes originates from about 1000 km ahead of the cyclone a day prior to the time of the most rapid deepening. When the SST in this region is higher than 16°C, the additional latent heat is conducive for explosive cyclone development. For SSTs above 20°C, the cyclones feature characteristics of hybrid cyclones with latent heat release close to their core, maintaining their intensity for a longer period due to continuous and extensive moisture supply from the surface. A high absolute SST with a weak SST gradient, however, can lead to a delay of the deepening stage, because of unorganized convection at early stages reducing environmental baroclinicity.

Estimating the Anthropogenic Sea Surface Temperature Response Using Pattern Scaling

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 3751-3763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeline Bichet ◽  
Paul J. Kushner ◽  
Lawrence Mudryk ◽  
Laurent Terray ◽  
John C. Fyfe
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Anthropogenic Forcing ◽  
Spatial Response ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract This study seeks to derive the sea surface temperature (SST) response to anthropogenic forcing from observations over the last century, using simple methods inspired from pattern scaling. As in pattern scaling, the spatial response is assumed to scale with global-mean and annual-mean surface temperature. The long-term aim of this work is to generate anthropogenically forced SST and sea ice patterns for the recent past and near-term future, and use them to force atmosphere–land climate models for attribution and prediction purposes. The present work compares estimation methodologies and, within a Monte Carlo framework based on large initial condition ensembles of climate model simulations, examines the robustness of the patterns obtained. The different methods explored here yield a similar SST spatial response, mostly reflecting the observed SST linear trend map. The different methods nevertheless provide distinctive temporal evolution of the global-mean and annual-mean SST response, which in turn affects the temporal evolution of the global-mean and annual-mean air surface temperature simulated in corresponding prescribed SST simulations. The estimated SST spatial response consists mostly of a warming of the midlatitude coasts near the western boundary currents, the tropical Indian Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean. This pattern generally agrees with previously published observational and modeling studies. Based on Monte Carlo analysis of the large ensembles, it is found that between 36% and 56% of its spatial variance results from anthropogenic forcing. Overall, the work herein provides constraints on the uncertainty associated with the spatial variability of an anthropogenically forced component of climate change derived from observations, which can potentially be used for climate attribution and prediction.

Is summer sea surface temperature over the Arctic Ocean connected to winter air temperature over North America?

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
M Ogi ◽  
S Rysgaard ◽  
DG Barber ◽  
T Nakamura ◽  
B Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Winter Air Temperature

Analysis of variability and long-term trends of sea surface temperature over the China Seas derived from a newly merged regional data set

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Li ◽  
L Mu ◽  
Y Liu ◽  
G Wang ◽  
D Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
China Seas ◽  
Regional Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The China Seas

Holocene sea surface temperature variations recorded in corals from Kikai Island, Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. e9-e14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroto Kajita ◽  
Atsuko Yamazaki ◽  
Takaaki Watanabe ◽  
Chung-Che Wu ◽  
Chuan-Chou Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Temperature Variations

PENENTUAN DAERAH POTENSIAL BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT KAPPAPHYCUS ALVAREZII DI PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Marianus Filipe Logo ◽  
N M. R. R. Cahya Perbani ◽  
Bayu Priyono
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Sea Surface

Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) merupakan penghasil rumput laut kappaphycus alvarezii kedua terbesar di Indonesia berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik (2016). Oleh karena itu diperlukan zonasi daerah potensial budidaya rumput laut kappaphycus alvarezii untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan daerah yang potensial untuk budidaya rumput laut kappaphycus alvarezii di Provinsi NTT berdasarkan parameter sea surface temperature (SST), salinitas, kedalaman, arus, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrat, fosfat, klorofil-a, dan muara sungai. Penentuan kesesuaian lokasi budidaya dilakukan dengan memberikan bobot dan skor bagi setiap parameter untuk budidaya rumput laut kappaphycus alvarezii menggunakan sistem informasi geografis melalui overlay peta tematik setiap parameter. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa kadar nitrat, arus, kedalaman, dan lokasi muara sungai menjadi parameter penentu utama. Jarak maksimum dari bibir pantai adalah sekitar 10 km. Potensial budidaya rumput laut kappaphycus alvarezii ditemukan di Pulau Flores bagian barat, kepulauan di Kabupaten Flores Timur dan Alor, selatan Pulau Sumba, Pulau Rote, dan Teluk Kupang.

EXTREME VALUES OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-PERIOD PHENOMENA OCCURRED DURING 1960-2015 IN THE COLOMBIAN PACIFIC OCEAN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diaz Juan Navia ◽  
Diaz Juan Navia ◽  
Bolaños Nancy Villegas ◽  
Bolaños Nancy Villegas ◽  
Igor Malikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Arctic Oscillation Index ◽  
Colombian Pacific

Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTA), in four coastal hydrographic stations of Colombian Pacific Ocean, were analyzed. The selected hydrographic stations were: Tumaco (1°48'N-78°45'W), Gorgona island (2°58'N-78°11'W), Solano Bay (6°13'N-77°24'W) and Malpelo island (4°0'N-81°36'W). SSTA time series for 1960-2015 were calculated from monthly Sea Surface Temperature obtained from International Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS). SSTA time series, Oceanic Nino Index (ONI), Pacific Decadal Oscillation index (PDO), Arctic Oscillation index (AO) and sunspots number (associated to solar activity), were compared. It was found that the SSTA absolute minimum has occurred in Tumaco (-3.93°C) in March 2009, in Gorgona (-3.71°C) in October 2007, in Solano Bay (-4.23°C) in April 2014 and Malpelo (-4.21°C) in December 2005. The SSTA absolute maximum was observed in Tumaco (3.45°C) in January 2002, in Gorgona (5.01°C) in July 1978, in Solano Bay (5.27°C) in March 1998 and Malpelo (3.64°C) in July 2015. A high correlation between SST and ONI in large part of study period, followed by a good correlation with PDO, was identified. The AO and SSTA have showed an inverse relationship in some periods. Solar Cycle has showed to be a modulator of behavior of SSTA in the selected stations. It was determined that extreme values of SST are related to the analyzed large scale oscillations.

On the relation between atmospheric CO2 and equatorial sea-surface temperature

Tellus B ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Elliott ◽  
James K. Angell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Atmospheric Co2

Influence of sea ice and sea surface temperature on the abundance of Antarctic krill in Area 48.2

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Lifeng DAI ◽  
Shengmao ZHANG ◽  
Wei FAN
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Antarctic Krill ◽  
Sea Surface
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