In Vivo Tumor Vascular Imaging with Light Emitting Diode-Based Photoacoustic Imaging System

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has shown tremendous promise for imaging tumor vasculature and its function at deeper penetration depths without the use of exogenous contrast agents. Traditional PA imaging systems employ expensive and bulky class IV lasers with low pulse repetition rate, due to which its availability for preclinical cancer research is hampered. In this study, we evaluated the capability of a Light-Emitting Diode (LED)-based PA and ultrasound (US) imaging system for monitoring heterogeneous microvasculature in tumors (up to 10 mm in depth) and quantitatively compared the PA images with gold standard histology images. We used a combination of a 7 MHz linear array US transducer and 850 nm excitation wavelength LED arrays to image blood vessels in a subcutaneous tumor model. After imaging, the tumors were sectioned and stained for endothelial cells to correlate with PA images across similar cross-sections. Analysis of 30 regions of interest in tumors from different mice showed a statistically significant R-value of 0.84 where the areas with high blood vessel density had high PA response while low blood vessel density regions had low PA response. Our results confirm that LED-based PA and US imaging can provide 2D and 3D images of tumor vasculature and the potential it has as a valuable tool for preclinical cancer research.

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Phosphorylation of pericyte FAK-Y861 affects tumour cell apoptosis and tumour blood vessel regression

Angiogenesis ◽

10.1007/s10456-021-09776-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Delphine M. Lees ◽

Louise E. Reynolds ◽

Ana Rita Pedrosa ◽

Marina Roy-Luzarraga ◽

Kairbaan M. Hodivala-Dilke

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessel ◽

Tumour Growth ◽

Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽

Vessel Density ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Blood Vessel Density ◽

Tumour Vessel ◽

Vessel Regression ◽

Tumour Blood

AbstractFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in many cancer types and in vivo studies have shown that vascular endothelial cell FAK expression and FAK-phosphorylation at tyrosine (Y) 397, and subsequently FAK-Y861, are important in tumour angiogenesis. Pericytes also play a vital role in regulating tumour blood vessel stabilisation, but the specific involvement of pericyte FAK-Y397 and FAK-Y861 phosphorylation in tumour blood vessels is unknown. Using PdgfrβCre + ;FAKWT/WT, PdgfrβCre + ;FAKY397F/Y397F and PdgfrβCre + ;FAKY861F/Y861F mice, our data demonstrate that tumour growth, tumour blood vessel density, blood vessel perfusion and pericyte coverage were affected only in late stage tumours in PdgfrβCre + ;FAKY861F/Y861F but not PdgfrβCre + ;FAKY397F/Y397F mice. Further examination indicates a dual role for pericyte FAK-Y861 phosphorylation in the regulation of tumour vessel regression and also in the control of pericyte derived signals that influence apoptosis in cancer cells. Overall this study identifies the role of pericyte FAK-Y861 in the regulation of tumour vessel regression and tumour growth control and that non-phosphorylatable FAK-Y861F in pericytes reduces tumour growth and blood vessel density.

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Immunohistochemistry Evaluation of the Effect in Vivo of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α on Blood Vessel Density in Murine Fibrosarcoma

Sarcoma ◽

10.1080/13577140310001607275 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 57-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Avi Eisenthal ◽

Ignat Schwartz ◽

Josephine Issakov ◽

Yossef Klausner ◽

Faina Misonzhnik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽

Blood Vessel ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Blood Vessel Density ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Murine Fibrosarcoma ◽

Necrosis Factor

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Phosphorylation of pericyte FAK-Y861 affects tumour cell apoptosis and tumour blood vessel regression

10.1101/2020.06.17.157131 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Delphine M. Lees ◽

Louise E. Reynolds ◽

Ana Rita Pedrosa ◽

Marina Roy-Luzarraga ◽

Kairbaan M. Hodivala-Dilke

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessel ◽

Tumour Growth ◽

Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽

Growth Control ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Blood Vessel Density ◽

Tumour Vessel ◽

Vessel Regression ◽

Tumour Blood

AbstractFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed in many cancer types and in vivo studies have shown that vascular endothelial cell FAK expression and FAK-phosphorylation at tyrosine (Y) 397, and subsequently FAK-Y861, are important in tumour angiogenesis. Pericytes also play a vital role in regulating tumour blood vessel stabilisation, but the involvement of pericyte FAK-Y397 and FAK-Y861 phosphorylation in tumour blood vessels is unknown. Using PdgfrβCre+;FAKWT/WT, PdgfrβCre+;FAKY397F/Y397F and PdgfrβCre+;FAKY861F/Y861F mice, our data demonstrate that tumour growth, tumour blood vessel density, blood vessel perfusion and pericyte coverage were affected only in late stage tumours in PdgfrβCre+;FAKY861F/Y861F but not PdgfrβCre+;FAKY397F/Y397F mice. Further examination indicates a dual role for pericyte FAK-Y861 phosphorylation in the regulation of tumour vessel regression and also in the control of a pericyte derived ‘pericrine’ signals that influence apoptosis in cancer cells. Overall this study identifies the role of pericyte FAK-Y861 in the regulation of tumour vessel regression and tumour growth control and that non-phosphorylatable FAK-Y861F in pericytes reduces tumour growth and blood vessel density.

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Implantable Optrode Array for Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12060725 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 725

Author(s):

Saeyeong Jeon ◽

Youjin Lee ◽

Daeho Ryu ◽

Yoon Kyung Cho ◽

Yena Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Neural Recording ◽

Electrophysiological Recording ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Neuroscience Research ◽

Cell Type Specific ◽

Novel Design

During the last decade, optogenetics has become an essential tool for neuroscience research due to its unrivaled feature of cell-type-specific neuromodulation. There have been several technological advances in light delivery devices. Among them, the combination of optogenetics and electrophysiology provides an opportunity for facilitating optogenetic approaches. In this study, a novel design of an optrode array was proposed for realizing optical modulation and electrophysiological recording. A 4 × 4 optrode array and five-channel recording electrodes were assembled as a disposable part, while a reusable part comprised an LED (light-emitting diode) source and a power line. After the characterization of the intensity of the light delivered at the fiber tips, in vivo animal experiment was performed with transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin, showing the effectiveness of optical activation and neural recording.

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Increased Skin Inflammation and Blood Vessel Density in Human and Experimental Diabetes

The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds ◽

10.1177/1534734612474303 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 4-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Ana Tellechea ◽

Antonios Kafanas ◽

Ermelindo C. Leal ◽

Francesco Tecilazich ◽

Sarada Kuchibhotla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessel ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Experimental Diabetes ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Skin Inflammation ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Impaired Wound Healing ◽

Blood Vessel Density ◽

Skin Blood Vessels

Systemic inflammation is associated with impaired wound healing in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Using immunohistochemistry techniques, the authors investigated changes in skin inflammation and skin blood vessels in human and experimental diabetes. Comparing to the non-DM human subjects, the total number of inflammatory cells per biopsy and the number of inflammatory cells around blood vessels, a strong indication of inflammation, were higher in DM subjects irrespective of their risk for developing diabetic foot ulcer. Inflammatory cell infiltration was robustly increased in all DM animal models compared with their non-DM controls. The number and density of blood vessels and CD31 positive proliferating endothelial cells around preexisting skin vessels was also higher in the DM patients. However, there were no differences in the skin blood flow between the non-DM and DM subjects. The number of skin blood vessels was also increased in the DM animals; however, these differences were less obvious than the ones observed for inflammatory cells. We conclude that skin inflammation and skin blood vessel density is increased in diabetic human subjects and in rodent and rabbit models of diabetes.

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In vitro and in vivo Efficacy of New Blue Light Emitting Diode Phototherapy Compared to Conventional Halogen Quartz Phototherapy for Neonatal Jaundice

Journal of Korean Medical Science ◽

10.3346/jkms.2005.20.1.61 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Yun Sil Chang ◽

Jong Hee Hwang ◽

Hyuk Nam Kwon ◽

Chang Won Choi ◽

Sun Young Ko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Neonatal Jaundice ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

In Vivo Efficacy ◽

Light Emitting

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Prognostic value of blood vessel density in ischaemic stroke

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/0140-6736(93)91734-4 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 342 (8873) ◽

pp. 742 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

J. Krupinski ◽

J. Kaluza ◽

P. Kumar ◽

M. Wang ◽

S. Kumar

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessel ◽

Ischaemic Stroke ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Blood Vessel Density

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Reduction of Reflected Light On Fluorescence Emission for Indocyanine Green

Journal of Engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy ◽

10.1115/1.4052945 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

So Yoon Kwon ◽

Ki-Cheol Yoon ◽

Kwang Gi Kim

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessel ◽

Indocyanine Green ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Polarized Light ◽

Fluorescence Emission ◽

Light Reflection ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Surgical Microscope ◽

Reflected Light

Abstract Inside the brain tumor, the blood vessels are intricately composed, and the tumors and blood vessels are similar in color. Therefore, when observing tumors and blood vessels with the naked eye or a surgical microscope, it is difficult to distinguish between tumors and blood vessels. Fluorescence staining with indocyanine green (ICG) is performed to distinguish between brain tumors and blood vessels using a surgical microscope. However, when observing the blood circulation state of a tumor or blood vessel through a surgical microscope, light reflection occurs from the camera. In the process of observing the state of the blood vessel, due to the occurrence of light reflection, an obstruction phenomenon in which the observation field is blocked by the blood vessel of the object to be observed occurs. Therefore, it is difficult to diagnose the vascular condition. In this experiment, the 780nm light-emitting diode (LED) was irradiated to the ICG phantom, and then, when the fluorescence expression image was observed, the polarizing filter such as circular polarized light (CPL) filter and linear polarized light (LPL) filter were inserted into the camera and the reflected light was reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the reflected light from the fluorescence expression image by using a polarizing filter, and it is expected to be applicable to surgery and diagnostic fields of cancer such as surgery.

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