scholarly journals Assessment of Rice Developmental Stage Using Time Series UAV Imagery for Variable Irrigation Management

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5354
Author(s):  
Chin-Ying Yang ◽  
Ming-Der Yang ◽  
Wei-Cheng Tseng ◽  
Yu-Chun Hsu ◽  
Guan-Sin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Uav Images ◽  
Sequential Images

Rice is one of the three major crops in the world and is the major crop in Asia. Climate change and water resource shortages may result in decreases in rice yields and possible food shortage crises. In this study, water-saving farming management was tested, and IOT field water level monitoring was used to regulate water inflow automatically. Plant height (PH) is an important phenotype to be used to determine difference in rice growth periods and yields using water-saving irrigation. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with an RGB camera captured sequential images of rice fields to estimate rice PH compared with PH measured on site for estimating rice growth stages. The test results, with two crop harvests in 2019, revealed that with adequate image calibration, the correlation coefficient between UAV-PH and field-PH was higher than 0.98, indicating that UAV images can accurately determine rice PH in the field and rice growth phase. The study demonstrated that water-saving farming is effective, decreasing water usage for the first and second crops of 2019 by 53.5% and 21.7%, respectively, without influencing the growth period and final yield. Coupled with an automated irrigation system, rice farming can be adaptive to water shortage situations.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF DRIP IRRIGATION ON COTTON PLANT GROWTH (Gossypium sp.)

Agric ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Syahruni Thamrin ◽  
Budiman Budiman ◽  
Baso Darwisah ◽  
Junaedi Junaedi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Design ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Average Plant

The condition of cotton planting in South Sulawesi is always constrained in the fulfillment of water. All plant growth stages are not optimal to increase production, so it is necessary to introduce good water management technology, such as through water supply with drip irrigation system. This study aims to analyze the strategy of irrigation management in cotton plants using drip irrigation system. Model of application by designing drip irrigation system and cotton planting on land prepared as demonstration plot. Observations were made in the germination phase and the vegetative phase of the early plants. Based on the result of drip irrigation design, the emitter droplet rate (EDR) was 34.266 mm/hour with an operational time of 4.08 min/day. From the observation of cotton growth, it is known that germination time lasted from 6 to 13 days after planting, the average plant height reached 119.66 cm, with the number of leaves averaging 141.93 pieces and the number of bolls averaging 57.16 boll.

scholarly journals Genetics components of rice root architecture and carbon isotopic fractionation parameters: a tracer for breeding in a water saving irrigation management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Brito ◽  
Germani Concenço ◽  
Vladimir Eleodoro Costa ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Reis Fagundes ◽  
João Luis Silva-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Architecture ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Isotopic Fractionation ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Major Bottleneck ◽  
Superior Genotypes

Abstract Phenotyping is the major bottleneck in the effort to develop varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L) suitable for grow under a water saving irrigation management, such as alternate wetting and drying irrigation technique (AWD). In order to analyze if the genotypic variability for carbon isotope discrimination (CID) in rice leaves could be used as a relatively high-throughput tracer to early select superior genotypes highlighting improved root architecture traits when submitted to AWD, a set of twenty varieties grown under semi-natural conditions were submitted to two water irrigation regimes, continuous flooding (CF) and AWD cycles. Coefficients of genetic variance (π2g) obtained for root architecture, micro-morphological and physiological traits were significant for all of them regardless of adopted irrigation system, except to mean root diameter. The three significant principal components (PCs) with eigenvalue > 1, explain the most of the total variation across cycles and water regimes. For most of analyzed traits, the values of heritability coefficients were higher regardless of adopted irrigation management and trait category; for CID, the magnitudes of broad heritability at individual level (greater than 0.80) were similar in the two irrigation techniques, evidencing that the success of selection is independent of irrigation management. The higher CID values after three AWD cycles are associated to varieties with higher total root length and volume. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the potential application of CID as tracer to select root architecture traits in rice when water-saving irrigation management are of concern.

scholarly journals Deficit Irrigation during Fruit Set Influences Fruit Number of Watermelons

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 525F-526
Author(s):  
D.I. Leskovar ◽  
J.C. Ward ◽  
A. Meiri
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Final Harvest

Reductions in the supply of high-quality irrigation water from underground aquifers is affecting production and irrigation management in the Winter Garden of southwestern Texas. This study was conducted to determine how growth, yield, and quality of watermelons [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] grown with subsurface drip are affected by synchronizing irrigation with specific growth stages. In 1995 irrigation rates were: 1.0 evapotranspiration (ET) throughout the entire growth period (T1); 1.0ET until fruit set followed by 0.6ET until final harvest (T2); 1.0ET until fruit set followed by 0.6ET until first fruit maturity followed by 0.4ET until final harvest (T3); 1.0ET until fruit set followed by 0.6ET until first fruit maturity followed by 0.2ET until final harvest (T4). In 1996, two irrigation rates were constant 1.0ET (T1) and 0.5ET (T4), and two with varying ET rates throughout the entire growth period. Varying irrigation rates with specific growth stages had more influence on fruit set and early yield than on leaf and vine growth. Total marketable fruit yield ranged from 94.4 to 71.8 Mg·ha–1 when 569 mm (T1) and 371 mm (T4) of irrigation water, respectively, were applied in Spring 1995, and from 90.3 to 80.9 Mg·ha–1 when 881 mm (T1) and 577 mm (T4) of irrigation water, respectively, were applied in Spring 1996. However, plants irrigated with constant 0.5ET demonstrated greater water use efficiency than those with 1.0ET. Information on water use will assist farmers in designing management strategies that minimize risks due to uncertainties in weather and water supplies.

RESPOSTA DA PRODUTIVIDADE DE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO CULTIVADO EM DIFERENTES ESTRATÉGIAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Cibele Soares ◽  
Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽  
Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽  
Ana Rita Costenaro Parizi ◽  
Cleiton José Ramão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
Class A ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Evaporation Pan

O aumento da produtividade das áreas cultivadas no Rio Grande do Sul deve-se principalmente ao uso de sistemas de irrigação. Porém, o manejo inadequado destes sistemas pode ser um fator limitante à produção das culturas irrigadas e dentre os elementos a serem considerados para um eficiente controle de regas, pode-se destacar o indicador de déficit hídrico que pode ser via solo, planta ou através da estimativa da demanda evaporativa da atmosfera. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a produtividade de dois híbridos de milho cultivados sob estratégias de irrigação com diferentes indicadores e lâminas, no município de Jaguari, RS. Os tratamentos constaram de três diferentes estratégias de irrigação: T1 - sensores dielétricos de umidade do solo, T2 - 100% de reposição da evaporação de Tanque Classe A e T3 - 80% de reposição da evaporação de Tanque Classe A. Os híbridos de milho testados foram: BM 1201 e BRS 3150, utilizando-se um sistema de irrigação do tipo mini-pivô central. Na colheita determinou-se os componentes de produção, que foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparação de médias. Os manejos de irrigação influenciaram nos componentes de produção e no rendimento final dos dois híbridos testados. O híbrido BRS 3150 apresentou maior produtividade comparado ao híbrido BM 1201 para as estratégias com sensores de umidade de solo e reposição de 80% da evaporação do Tanque Classe A, sendo que para a estratégia de 100% da evaporação do Tanque Classe A, o híbrido BM 1201 apresentou maior produção.   UNITERMOS: Zea mays L., manejo de irrigação, parâmetros de cultura, rendimento de grãos     SOARES, F.C.; PEITER, M.X.; ROBAINA, A.D.; PARIZI, A.R.C.; RAMÃO, C.J; VIVAN, G.A. MAIZE HYBRIDS PRODUCTIVITY RESPONSE, CULTIVATED UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION STRATEGIES     2 ABSTRACT   This work aimed to evaluate the yield of two corn hybrids cultivated under different irrigation strategies, in Jaguari, RS, Brazil. Treatments consisted of three different irrigation strategies: T1 - measurement sensors of soil moisture, T2 - replacement of 100% of evaporation of Class A Evaporation Pan and T3 - replacement of 80% of evaporation of Class A Evaporation Pan. The tested corn hybrids were BM 1201 and BRS 3150. The experiment was bifactorial, and a central mini-pivot irrigation system was used. At harvest time,  the plants were located in a stove at 65ºC, until reaching constant mass and yield components were determined. Data were analyzed through the analyses of variance and mean comparison, (Tukey's test) at 5%. The irrigation management influenced the yield components and the final yield of the two tested hybrids; the hybrid BRS 3150 presented a greater productivity compared to the hybrid BM 1201 for measurement sensors of humidity and replacement of 80% of evaporation of Class A Evaporation Pan, whereas the hybrid BM 1202 had bigger production for the replacement of  100% of evaporation of Class A Evaporation Pan.   KEYWORDS: Zea mays L., irrigation management, culture parameters, grain yield.  

Participatory irrigation water management in the Jordan Valley

Water Policy ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Salman ◽  
Emad Al-Karablieh ◽  
Hans-Jochen Regner ◽  
Heinz-Peter Wolff ◽  
Munther Haddadin
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Participatory Irrigation Management ◽  
The Government

This paper reviews Jordan's relatively short experience gained since participatory irrigation management (PIM), was introduced with due consideration of the traditional social and cultural merits. The introduction of PIM was a meaningful partial shift in the paradigm of operation of the Jordan Valley irrigation system that has been undertaken by government agencies since its staged implementation between 1960 and 1988. The Jordan Valley Authority (JVA) of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation, among other responsibilities, is the current government agency in charge of operation and maintenance of the irrigation system. The advantages of the introduced mode of operation, the PIM, especially in an environment of perpetual irrigation water shortage, are presented. The paper further discusses the multi-dimensional facets of PIM expressed by the representation of users’ community and by the level of representation as well as the interaction between the targeted groups and the government and highlights the virtues of “learning while implementing” in which midcourse corrections can be made in order to arrive at a state of equilibrium between the various stakeholders. The adoption of traditional cooperation as a basis for setting up water users associations (WUAs), is presented. The emergence of PIM as a competitor to management contracts adopted in municipal water and wastewater management in Jordan is touched upon and the dynamics of PIM application in the Jordan Valley, including the division of labor between the WUAs and JVA, is described.

scholarly journals Agronomical indicators and incidence of insect borers of tomato fruits protected with non-woven fabric bags

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosenya Michely Cintra Filgueiras ◽  
Patrik Luiz Pastori ◽  
Fabrício Fagundes Pereira ◽  
Cristiane Ramos Coutinho ◽  
Samir Oliveira Kassab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Commercial Crop

ABSTRACT: Fruit bagging is an efficient mechanical control technique used in fruit growing. However, to date, few studies have evaluated the efficacy of bagging in the cultivation of vegetables, including tomato crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bagging of tomato flowers and/or fruits using a non-woven fabric (NWF) for the control of Helicoverpa spp., Neoleucinodes elegantalis, and Tuta absoluta, to evaluate the effect of this technique on the final yield, and determine the optimal period for bagging. Tests were conducted in a commercial crop of staked ‘Valerin’ tomato plants located in the municipality of Ubajara, Ceará State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with a 2x4 factorial design (sprayed versus unsprayed plants, and both plant groups were bagged with NWF bags at different growth stages [flowers bagging, bagging of bunches of fruits with a diameter of 1.5cm, bagging of bunches of fruits with a diameter of 3.0cm, and unbagged bunches (control)], with five repetitions. We evaluated the number of fruits per bunch, number of bunches per plant, weight of each fruit, longitudinal and transverse diameter, percentage of bored fruits, yield loss caused by insect infestation, and final yield. Bagging of ‘Valerin’ tomato bunches with NWF bags was effective for the control of N. elegantalis, and productivity increased by 21.5% when bagging was done in bunches of fruits with a diameter of 1.5cm compared with unbagged fruits; therefore, this growth period was the most suitable for bagging.

ESTIMATIVA DA NECESSIDADE DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA CULTURA DO MILHO SAFRINHA EM SORRISO-MT POR MÉTODOS AGROCLIMATOLÓGICOS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
LUIZ RICARDO SOBENKO ◽  
EDER DUARTE FANAYA JÚNIOR ◽  
OTÁVIO NETO ALMEIDA SANTOS ◽  
PATRICIA ANGÉLICA ALVES MARQUES
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Standard Error Estimate ◽  
Water Depths

RESUMO - O milho “safrinha” é considerado uma cultura de alto risco devido à baixa disponibilidade hídrica no período em que é cultivado. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o desempenho de dois modelos de estimativa de evapotranspiração de referência (ETo), visando realizar o manejo da irrigação, via balanço hídrico, em três cenários com índices pluviométricos distintos no município de Sorriso-MT. O estudo foi realizado para uma área de 9,3 ha, utilizando-se dados climatológicos diários dos anos considerados médio, seco e úmido para estimativa da ETo pelos modelos de Hargreaves-Samani e Priestley-Taylor. Realizou-se o balanço hídrico para a cultura em sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional com turno de rega fixo de três dias. Consideraram-se os coeficientes de correlação (r), determinação (r2), concordância de Willmott (d), desempenho (c) e estimativa do erro padrão (EEP) avaliando os modelos comparando-os com os valores estimados pelo método de Penman-Monteith (PM). Os modelos estudados apresentaram desempenhos “ótimo” e “muito bom” para os três cenários, porém não se mostraram sustentáveis. Geraram-se equações para validar o uso dos modelos estudados para as lâminas que superestimaram PM. O cenário seco apresentou a maior lâmina total (irrigação e precipitação efetiva), enquanto que o chuvoso demandou menores lâminas de irrigação.Palavras-chave: balanço hídrico, evapotranspiração, simulação, aspersão, Zea mays L.ESTIMATION OF FERTILIZATION REQUIREMENTS IN THE OFF-SEASON MAIZE THROUGH AGROCLIMATOLOGICAL METHODSABSTRACT - Off-season maize is considered a high-risk culture due to the low water availability in the growth period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two reference evapotranspiration (ETo) estimation models, in order to carry out irrigation management by water balance, in three scenarios with different rainfall in Sorriso-MT. The study was conducted in an area of 9.3 ha, using daily climatological data for the years considered medium, dry and wet to estimate the ETo by the models of Hargreaves-Samani and Priestley-Taylor. The water balance was made for crop grown under conventional sprinkler irrigation system with fixed irrigation interval of three days. To evaluate the performance, models were considered: the correlation (r) and determination (r²) coefficients, Willmott agreement (d), performance (c) and standard error estimate (EEP), taking Penman-Monteith (PM) as reference. The studied models presented performances classified as “great” and “very good” for the three scenarios, but they aren’t sustainable as the correct use of water. Equations were generated to validate the use of the studied models for the water depths that overestimated the PM values. The dry year demanded greater total water depths (irrigation and effective precipitation), while the rainy year demanded lower irrigation depths.Keywords: water balance, evapotranspiration, simulation, sprinkler irrigation, Zea mays L.

  Detecting  rice inundation status for water saving and methane emission mitigation measures using Sentinel-1 & ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironori Arai ◽  
Thuy Le Toan ◽  
Wataru Takeuchi ◽  
Kei Oyoshi ◽  
Hoa Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Mitigation Measure ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Soil Inundation

<p>Approximately 90% of the world total paddies area and annual output of the rice production are concentrated in monsoon Asia, which has no more land/water resources for further expansion of cultivation. Most rice grows under lowland conditions where currently facing to the fresh water scarcity due to sea-water intrusion accelerated by sea-level rise and land-subsidence, and decelerating freshwater supply by upstream-dam construction. Since the rice production also requires large amount of water (3,000-5,000 L kg<sup>-1</sup> rice), water-saving irrigation practice (e.g., Alternate Wetting and Drying, a.k.a., AWD) is desirable to be implemented in this region to save the water-demand sustainably, and irrigation status need to be evaluated for the decision making on sustainable food security. In addition to the significance of AWD’s role as an adaptation to drought risks, AWD also has a potential to act as an important mitigation-measure by reducing methane emission from paddy soils. This function is very important since rice cropping is responsible for approximately 11% of global anthropogenic CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, and rice has the highest greenhouse gas intensity among the main food crops.</p><p>In order to implement AWD in Asian rice paddies as a mitigation-measure based on a carbon pricing scheme, it is important to evaluate the spatial distribution of AWD paddy fields in the target region. For the detection of AWD-fields versus continuously-flooding fields, it is essential to develop method using EO data to detect soil inundation under rice plants at various growth stages.  In this study, ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 and Sentinel-1 data were used to combine the penetration capacity of L-band SAR data with C-band data capacity to monitor rice growth status with their high temporal resolution.</p><p>The study was conducted in triple rice cropping systems in the Vietnamese Mekong delta (5 sites: Thot Not in Can Tho city; Chau Thanh, Cho Moi, Thoai Son and Tri Ton in An Giang Province, where AWD field campaign was conducted from 2012 to 2017. EO data consisted of ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 every 14 days in 2017/2018 in An Giang province at high resolution observation mode (3-6m resolution) and ScanSAR observation mode (25-100m resolution) every 42 days over the Mekong delta.</p><p>As the result of the classification using the dual-polarization ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 data, soil inundation status could be detected during various rice growth stages. To evaluate rice productivity and GHG emissions from rice fields, we developed a simulation system based on the DeNitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) model which can assimilate PALSAR-2 inundation map and ground observed GHG -flux and rice growth status data on a pixel basis. For spatial extension, rice map, together with rice calendar (sowing date, rice growth status), required as inputs by DNDC are provided by the GeoRice project, based on the use of Sentinel-1 6-day time series. This paper presents the performance of multi-sensor data fusion to realize sustainable agricultural management by mitigating the GHGs emission while maintaining or improving regional fresh water use efficiency for stable food production under climate change pressure.</p>

Uphoff Norman, Priti Ramamurthy, and Roy Steiner. Managing Irrigation: Analysing and Improving the Performance of Bureaucracies. New Delhi/Newbury Park/London: Sage Publications. 1991. Hardbound. Price not given.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-228
Author(s):  
Zakir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Performance Criterion ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Irrigation Performance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Resource Mobilisation ◽  
Management Issues

The book; under review provides a valuable account of the issues and factors in managing the irrigation system, and presents a lucid and thorough discussion on the performance of the irrigation bureaucracies. It comprises two parts: the first outlines the factors affecting irrigation performance under a wide range of topics in the first five chapters. In Chapter One, the authors have attempted to assess the performance of the irrigation bureaucracies, conceptualise irrigation management issues, and build an empirical base for analysis while drawing upon the experience of ten country cases in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The Second Chapter focuses on the variations in the management structures identified and the types of irrigation systems; and it defines the variables of the management structures. The activities and objectives of irrigation management are discussed in Chapter Three. The objectives include: greater production and productivity of irrigation projects; improved water distribution; reduction in conflicts; greater resource mobilisation and a sustained system performance. The authors also highlight the performance criterion in this chapter. They identify about six contextual factors which affect the objectives and the performance of irrigation, which are discussed in detail in Chapter Four. In Chapter Five, some organisational variables, which would lead to improvements in irrigation, are examined.

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