Beryllium-Ion-Selective PEDOT Solid Contact Electrode Based on 9,10-Dinitrobenzo-9-Crown-3-Ether

A beryllium(II)-ion-selective poly(ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) solid contact electrode comprising 9,10-dinitrobenzo-9-crown-3-ether was successfully developed. The all-solid-state contact electrode, with an oxygen-containing cation-sensing membrane combined with an electropolymerized PEDOT layer, exhibited the best response characteristics. The performance of the constructed electrode was evaluated and optimized using potentiometry, conductance measurements, constant-current chronopotentiometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under optimized conditions, which were found for an ion-selective membrane (ISM) composition of 3% ionophore, 30% polyvinylchloride (PVC), 64% o-nitro phenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE), and 3% sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB), the fabricated electrode exhibited a good performance over a wide concentration range (10−2.5–10−7.0 M) and a wide pH range of 2.0–9.0, with a Nernstian slope of 29.5 mV/D for the beryllium (II) ion and a detection limit as low as 10−7.0 M. The developed electrode shows good selectivity for the beryllium(II) ion over alkali, alkaline earth, transition, and heavy metal ions.

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Bis(trans-cinnamaldehyde)-1,3-propanediimine) mercury(II)chloride, [Hg(BPPPB)Cl2] as Carrier for Construction of Iodide Selective Electrode

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2012/583572 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 2565-2574

Author(s):

G. Karimipour ◽

S. Gharaghani ◽

R. Ahmadpour

Keyword(s):

Limit Of Detection ◽

Direct Determination ◽

Pvc Membrane ◽

Membrane Composition ◽

Selective Electrode ◽

Graphite Electrodes ◽

Response Characteristics ◽

Iodide Ion ◽

Wide Ph Range ◽

Ph Range

Highly selective poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane of iodide ion selective electrode based on the application of bis(trans-cinnamaldehyde)-1,3-propanediimine)mercury(II)chloride [Hg(BPPPB)Cl2] as new carrier by coating the membrane ingredient on the surface of graphite electrodes has been reported. The effect of various parameters including membrane composition, pH and possible interfering anions on the response properties of the electrode were examined. At optimum conditions, the proposed sensor exhibited Nernstian responses toward iodide ion in a wide concentration range of 1×10-6to 0.1 M with slopes of 58.0±0.8 mV per decade of iodide concentration over a wide pH range of 3-11 with detection limit of detection of ~8×10-7M. The sensors have stable responses times of ≤ 5 s and give stable response after conditioning in 0.05 M KI for 24 h with its response is stable at least 2 months without any considerable divergence in its potential response characteristics. The electrodes were successfully applied for the direct determination of iodide ion in water sample and as indicator electrodes in precipitation titrations.

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Thiocyanate Ion-Selective PVC Membrane Electrode

Chemistry Journal of Moldova ◽

10.19261/cjm.2010.05(1).05 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 73-77

Author(s):

Mihail Revenco ◽

Mariana Martin ◽

Waell Abu Dayyih

Keyword(s):

Pvc Membrane ◽

Indicator Electrode ◽

Membrane Electrode ◽

Thiocyanate Ion ◽

Pvc Membrane Electrode ◽

Wide Ph Range ◽

Nernstian Slope ◽

Ph Range ◽

Discriminating Ability ◽

Selective Sensor

A potentiometric selective sensor based on trinuclear chromium(III) complex as a novel ionophore for the thiocyanateselective electrode is reported. The sensor displays a near Nernstian slope of 57 ± 2 mV per decade, over a wide pH range 3 - 11. The working concentration range of the electrode is 1.10-5 – 1.10-1 mol/l with a detection limit of 5.10-6 mol/l. The sensor has a response time of 20 s and can be used for at least 6 months without any considerable fluctuation of the potential. The selectivity coefficients determined at using the fixed interference method indicate a good discriminating ability towards other anions. The prepared sensor was applied as an indicator electrode in the titration of thiocyanate with Ag+.

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All Solid-State Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Membrane Potentiometric Sensor Integrated with Nano-Beads Imprinted Polymers for Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Bispyribac Herbicide as Organic Pollutant

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24040712 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 712 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nashwa Abdalla ◽

Maha Youssef ◽

H. Algarni ◽

Nasser Awwad ◽

Ayman Kamel

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Organic Pollutant ◽

Solid Substrate ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Potentiometric Sensors ◽

Pvc Membrane ◽

Aliquat 336 ◽

Solid Contact ◽

Selective Membrane

All-solid-state potentiometric sensors were prepared by using polyaniline (PANI) as the solid contact material. A film of PANI (thickness approximately being 0.25 µm) was deposited on a solid substrate (carbon screen printed platform). The PANI layer was subsequently coated with an ion-selective membrane (ISM) containing uniform-sized molecularly imprinted nanoparticles to produce a solid-contact ion-selective electrode (SC/ISE) for bispyribac herbicide (sensor I). In addition, aliquat 336 was also used as an ion exchanger in plasticized PVC membrane (sensor II). The proposed sensors revealed a remarkably improved sensitivity towards bispyribac ions with anionic slopes of −47.8 ± 1.1 (r2 = 0.9995) and −44.4 ± 1.4 (r2 = 0.9997) mV/decade over a linear range 1.0 × 10−2–8.6 × 10−6 M, 1.0 × 10−2–9.0 × 10−6 M and detection limits of 1.33 and 1.81 µg/mL for sensors I and II, respectively.Selectivity of both sensors is significantly high for different common pesticides and inorganic anions. The potential stability of the SC/ISEs was studied using chronopotentiometry. Electrochemical impedance spectrometry was used to understand the charge-transfer mechanisms of the different types of ion-selective electrodes studied. The impedance response of the electrodes was modelled by using equivalent electrical circuits. The sensors were used for a direct measurement of the bispyribac content in commercial herbicide formulations and soil samples collected from agricultural lands planted with rice and sprayed with bispyribac herbicide. The results agree fairly well with data obtained using HPLC method.

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Screen-printed Microsensors Using Polyoctyl-thiophene (POT) Conducting Polymer As Solid Transducer for Ultratrace Determination of Azides

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24071392 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 1392 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ahmed Galal Eldin ◽

Abd El-Galil E. Amr ◽

Ayman H. Kamel ◽

Saad S. M. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Measurement Techniques ◽

Potentiometric Sensors ◽

Constant Current ◽

Pvc Membrane ◽

Contact Material ◽

Solid Contact ◽

Azide Ion ◽

Screen Printed

Two novel all-solid-state potentiometric sensors for the determination of azide ion are prepared and described here for the first time. The sensors are based on the use of iron II-phthalocyanine (Fe-PC) neutral carrier complex and nitron-azide ion-pair complex (Nit-N3−) as active recognition selective receptors, tetradodecylammonium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate (ETH 500) as lipophilic cationic additives and poly(octylthiophene) (POT) as the solid contact material on carbon screen-printed devices made from a ceramic substrate. The solid-contact material (POT) is placed on a carbon substrate (2 mm diameter) by drop-casting, followed, after drying, by coating with a plasticized PVC membrane containing the recognition sensing complexes. Over the pH range 6-9, the sensors display fast (< 10 s), linear potentiometric response for 1.0 × 10−2–1.0 × 10−7 M azide with low detection limit of 1.0 × 10−7 and 7.7 × 10−8 M (i.e., 6.2–4.8 ng/ml) for Fe-PC/POT/and Nit-N3−/POT based sensors, respectively. The high potential stability and sensitivity of the proposed sensors are confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and constant-current chronopotentiometry measurement techniques. Strong membrane adhesion and absence of delamination of the membrane, due to possible formation of a water film between the recognition membranes and the electron conductor are also verified. The proposed sensors are successfully applied for azide quantification in synthetic primer mixture samples. Advantages offered by these sensors are the robustness, ease of fabrication, simple operation, stable potential response, high selectivity, good sensitivity and low cost.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Poly-o-anisidine Sn(IV) Arsenophosphate: Its Analytical Applications as Pb(II) Ion-Selective Membrane Electrode

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2009/659215 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Asif Ali Khan ◽

Umme Habiba ◽

Anish Khan

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollutant ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Indicator Electrode ◽

Membrane Electrode ◽

Mixed Solution ◽

Electroactive Material ◽

Wide Ph Range ◽

Selective Membrane ◽

Distribution Studies ◽

Ph Range

Poly-o-anisidine Sn(IV) arsenophosphate is a newly synthesized nanocomposite material and has been characterized on the basis of its chemical composition, ion exchange capacity, TGA-DTA, FTIR, X-RAY, SEM, and TEM studies. On the basis of distribution studies, the exchanger was found to be highly selective for lead that is an environmental pollutant. For the detection of lead in water a heterogeneous precipitate based ion-selective membrane electrode was developed by means of this composite cation exchanger as electroactive material. The membrane electrode is mechanically stable, with a quick response time, and can be operated over a wide pH range. The selectivity coefficients were determined by mixed solution method and revealed that the electrode is sensitive for Pb(II) in presence of interfering cations. The practical utility of this membrane electrode has been established by employing it as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of Pb(II).

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Potassium-Selective Solid-Contact Electrode with High-Capacitance Hydrous Iridium Dioxide in the Transduction Layer

Membranes ◽

10.3390/membranes11040259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 259

Author(s):

Nikola Lenar ◽

Robert Piech ◽

Jan Wyrwa ◽

Beata Paczosa-Bator

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Water Film ◽

Water Layer ◽

Linear Range ◽

Solid Contact ◽

Iridium Dioxide ◽

Potentiometric Response ◽

Coated Disc ◽

Selective Membrane

This work presents new material for solid-contact layers—hydrous iridium dioxide IrO2·2H2O, characterized by high electrical capacitance value, evaluated using chronopotentiometry (1.22 mF) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (1.57 mF). The remarkable electrical parameters of layers resulted in great analytical parameters of IrO2·2H2O-contacted potassium-selective electrodes. Various parameters of ion-selective electrodes were examined in the scope of this work using a potentiometry method including: linear range, repeatability, stability of potentiometric response and sensitivity to varying measurement conditions. The analytical parameters obtained for solid-contact electrodes were compared with the ones obtained for coated disc electrodes to evaluate the influence of the iridium dioxide layer. The linear range of the IrO2·2H2O-contacted K+-selective electrodes covered concentrations of K+ ions from 10−6 to 10−1 M and the potential stability was estimated at 0.097 mV/h. The IrO2·2H2O-contacted electrodes turned out to be insensitive to varying light exposure and changes in the pH values of measured solutions (in the pH range of 2 to 10.5). A water layer test proved that, contrary to the coated disc electrode, the substantial water film is not formed between the ion-selective membrane and iridium dioxide layer.

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Disposable Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Based Plasticizer-Free Solid-Contact Pb2+-Selective Electrodes with a Sub-PPB Detection Limit †

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19112550 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 2550 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yueling Liu ◽

Yingying Gao ◽

Rui Yan ◽

Haobo Huang ◽

Ping Wang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Detection Limit ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Solid Contact ◽

Water Films ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Nernstian Slope ◽

Disk Electrodes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Potentiometric plasticizer-free solid-contact Pb2+-selective electrodes based on copolymer methyl methacrylate-n-butyl acrylate (MMA-BA) as membrane matrix and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as intermediate ion-to-electron transducing layer have been developed. The disposable electrodes were prepared by drop-casting the copolymer membrane onto a layer of MWCNTs, which deposited on golden disk electrodes. The obtained electrodes exhibited a sub-ppb level detection limit of 10−10 mol·L−1. The proposed electrodes demonstrated a Nernstian slope of 29.1 ± 0.5 mV/decade in the linear range from 2.0 × 10−10 to 1.5 × 10−3 mol·L−1. No interference from gases (O2 and CO2) or water films was observed. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the fabricated electrodes was compared to that of plasticizer-free Pb2+-selective electrodes without MWCNTs as intermediated layers. The plasticizer-free MWCNTs-based Pb2+-selective electrodes can provide a promising platform for Pb(II) detection in environmental and clinical application.

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Application of polyaniline nanofibers for the construction of nitrate all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes

Applied Nanoscience ◽

10.1007/s13204-021-02228-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Karolina Pietrzak ◽

Cecylia Wardak ◽

Szymon Malinowski

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Fast Response ◽

Point Of View ◽

Ion Selective Electrodes ◽

Solid Contact ◽

Measuring Range ◽

Polyaniline Nanofibers ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Selective Membrane ◽

Nitrate Determination

AbstractThe application of polyaniline nanofibers doped with chloride and nitrate ions (PANINFs-Cl and PANINFs-NO3) in potentiometry was described. Both kinds of nanofibers were used as an ion-to-electron transducer in ion-selective electrodes with solid contact (SCISEs). Extensive research on the properties of the nanofibers themselves (SEM, UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR) and the constructed electrodes (potentiometric methods, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) has been carried out. Basic analytical parameters of electrodes containing various nanofibers contents in the ion-selective membrane and with nanofibers as an intermediate layer were determined. It was found that application of PANI nanofibers resulted in improvement of electrode performance (among others, better stability and reversibility of the electrode potential). The obtained sensors were characterized by a high slope of the calibration curve, a wide measuring range and a fast response time. Moreover, they were insensitive to change of redox potential, as well as light and the presence of oxygen in the solution, what is important from a practical point of view. They were also successfully used for nitrate determination in real environmental samples.

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Construction and Evaluation of Scopolamine Ion- Selective Electrode

Scientia Pharmaceutica ◽

10.3797/scipharm.aut-00-23 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 247-261

Author(s):

A. Shalaby ◽

M. El-Maamly ◽

H. Abdellatef

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Electrode System ◽

Potentiometric Determination ◽

Membrane Electrode ◽

Selective Membrane ◽

Nernstian Slope ◽

Ion Associate ◽

Ph Range ◽

Associate Species

The construction of plasticised PVC matrix-type scopolamine ion- selective membrane electrode and its use in the potentiometric determination of scopolamine in pharmaceutical preparations are described. It is based on the use of tlie ion-associate species, fonned by scopolainine cation and 5-nitrobarbitoric counter ion. The basic electrode peifonnance characteristics are evaluated according to IUPAC I-ecoininendatioiis. It exhibited a linear response for 1x10-2–1x10-5 M of scopolamine solutions with a cationic Nernstian slope over the pH range of 4-7. Common organic and inorganic cations showed negligible interference. Direct potentiometric determination of 1x10-2–1x10-5 M aqueous tubocurarine chloride using this membrane electrode system showed an average recovery of 99.05 with a mean standard deviation of 0.12. This electrode system was successfully applied to the potentiometric determination of scopolamine in some pharmaceutical preparations.

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Coulometric response characteristics of solid contact ion-selective electrodes for divalent cations

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry ◽

10.1007/s10008-020-04718-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (11-12) ◽

pp. 2975-2983 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tingting Han ◽

Zekra Mousavi ◽

Ulriika Mattinen ◽

Johan Bobacka

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Divalent Cations ◽

Ion Selective Electrodes ◽

Solid Contact ◽

Response Characteristics ◽

Plasticized Pvc ◽

Monovalent Ions ◽

Slow Transport ◽

Poly Styrene Sulfonate ◽

Redox Capacitance

Abstract The chronoamperometric and coulometric response of solid contact ion-selective electrodes (SCISEs) for the detection of divalent cations was investigated in order to provide a more complete description of the mechanism of the recently introduced coulometric transduction method for SCISEs. The coulometric transduction method has earlier been employed only for SCISEs that were selective to monovalent ions. The SCISEs utilized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS−) as the solid contact (ion-to-electron transducer). PEDOT(PSS) was electrodeposited on glassy carbon and covered with plasticized PVC-based ion-selective membranes (ISMs) that were selective towards divalent cations (Ca2+, Pb2+). In contrast to earlier studies, the results obtained in this work show that the coulometric response for the Pb2+-SCISE was limited mainly by ion transport in the PEDOT(PSS) layer, which was not the case for the Ca2+-SCISE, nor was it observed earlier for the monovalent ions. The exceptional behavior of the Pb2+-SCISE was explored further by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and it was shown that the effective redox capacitance of PEDOT(PSS) was significantly higher for the Pb2+-SCISE than for the Ca2+-SCISE although the polymerization charge of PEDOT(PSS) was the same. The slow transport of Pb2+ in PEDOT(PSS) was tentatively related to complexation between Pb2+ and PEDOT(PSS).

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